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`Case 1:20-cv-00034-ADA Document 45-24 Filed 03/20/20 Page 1 of 7
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`EXHIBIT 22
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`EXHIBIT 22
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`TERMS
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`SIXTH EDITION
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`The Best Computer Dictionary in Print
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`Clear, complete, up-to—date
`
`Extensive Internet coverage
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`More than 4,000 terms and acronyms
`
`
`
`DICTIONARY
`0f
`COMPUTER
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`t
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`re urn o
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`Pfaffenberger
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`DUE
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`Case 1:20-cv-00034-ADA Document 45-24 Filed 03/20/20 Page 3 of 7
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`WEBSTER’S
`NEW W®RLD
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`DICTIONARY
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`
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`0f
`COMPUTER
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`TERMS
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`SIXTH EDITION
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`By Bryan Hqfienbergen Ph.D.
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`DUE
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`Case 1:20-cv-00034-ADA Document 45-24 Filed 03/20/20 Page 4 of 7
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`Dictionary of Computer Terms, 6th Edition
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`Copyright © 1997 by
`Simon 8: Schuster, Inc.
`
`All rights reserved
`including the right of reproduction
`in whole or in part in any form
`
`Macmillan General Reference
`A Simon 8: Schuster Macmillan Company
`1633 Broadway
`NewYork, NY 10019—6785
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`Macmillan Publishing books may be purchased for business or
`sales promotional use. For information please write: Special
`Markets Department, Macmillan Publishing USA,
`1633 Broadway, New York, NY 10019.
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`A Webster's New \X/orldTM Book
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`MACMILLAN is a registered trademark of Macmillan, Inc.
`
`WEBSTER’S NEW WORLD DICTIONARY is a registered trade-
`mark of Simon & Schuster, Inc.
`
`Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 97-80220
`
`ISBN: 0—02—861890—4
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`Manufactured in the United States of America
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`234567
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`97899 00102
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`Case ii'ZO-C -00034-ADA Document 45-24 Filed 03/20/20 Page?) of?
`Case 1:20-cv-00034-ADA Document 45-24 Filed 03/20/20 Page 5 of 7
`) advanced setup optsons
`
`advanced setup options Options in the BIOS setup pro—
`gram that let you choose PCI interrupts, port addresses, and
`hard disk setup options.
`
`Advanced Technology Attachment Packet Interface
`(ATAPI) A standard that makes it very easy to connect a
`CD—ROM drive to an Enhanced IDE host adapter.
`
`AFAIK Abbreviation for “as far as I know.” Commonly used
`abbreviation on Ii-zternet Relay Chat (IRC), chat rooms, e-mail, and
`Usenet.
`
`AFK Abbreviation for “away from keyboard.” Commonly used
`on Internet Relay Chat (iRC) and that roan-is.
`
`aftermarket The market for soflware and peripherals created by
`the sale of large numbers of a specific brand of computer or
`software. See add-in program.
`
`agate A 55—point type size often used in newspaper classified
`advertisements and financial tables.
`
`agent LA program specifically designed to interact with a
`server and access data on the user’s behalf; synonymous with
`client. 2.An automatic program that is designed to operate on
`the user’s behalf, performing a specific function in the back—
`ground.When the agent has achieved its goal, it reports to the
`user. In the future, agents may roam the world's computer net—
`works, looking for information and reporting only when the
`information has been retrieved.
`
`aggregate function In database management programs, a com—
`mand that performs arithmetic operations on the values in a
`specificfield in all the records within a database, or in one View of
`the database.
`
`In a database managemei-n program, a
`aggregate operator
`command that tells the program to perform an aggregateflrnction.
`
`AGP See Accelerated Graphics Pan.
`
`AI
`
`See artificial intelligence.
`
`AIFF An 8-bit i-nanamal sonndfilefon-nar developed by Apple
`Compmer for storing digitized wave saiinds.The format is also
`widely found on Silicon Graphics workstations and is often
`encountered on the Internet.
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`BIOS A set of programs encoded in read-only rim-nary (ROM)
`on IBM PCS—compatible computers. These programs handle
`startup operations such as the power-m: self-rest (POST) and
`low-level control For hardware, such as disk drives, keyboard, and
`monitor. The BIOS programs of IBM personal computers are
`copyrighted, so manufacturers of IBM PC—compatible comput—
`ers must create BIOSS that emulate the IBM BIOS or buy an
`emulation from companies, such as Phoenix Technologies and
`American Megatrends, Inc. Some system components have a
`separate BIOS.The BIOS on a hard disk Ctll'lll'Ollt’r, for example,
`stores a table of tracks and sectors on the drive.
`
`B-ISDN See Broadband ISDN.
`
`bit The basic unit of information in a binary numbering sys—
`
`tem (Binary digiT).The electronic circuitry in computers
`detects the difference between two states (high current and low
`
`current) and represents these states as one of the two numbers in
`a binary system: 1 or (LThese basic high/ low, either/ or, yes/ no
`units of information are Called bits. Because building a reliable
`circuit that tells the difference between a 1 and a U is easy and
`inexpensive, computers are accurate in their internal processing
`capabilities, typically making fewer than one internal error in
`every 100 billion processing operations. Eight bits comprise an
`after, sometimes called a byte.
`
`bitmap The representation of a video image stored in a com—
`puter’s memory as a set of bits. Each picture element (pixel), cor—
`responding to a tiny dot on—screen, is controlled by an on or of?
`code stored as a bit (I for on or D for off) for black—and—white
`displays. Color and shades of gray require more informationThe
`bitmap is a grid of rows and columns of the ls and Us that the
`computer translates into pixels to display on—screen. See bir-
`mapped graphic and black graphics.
`
`bit-mapped font A screen or printerflmt in which each
`character is composed of a pattern of dots.To display or print
`bit—mapped fonts, the computer or primer must keep a full repre-
`sentation of each character in memory.When referring to hit—
`
`mapped fonts, the term font should be taken literally as a
`complete set of characters of a given typtjhre, weight, posture, and
`type size. If you want to use Palatino (Roman) 12 and Palatino
`Italic 14. for example, you must load two complete sets of char-
`acters into memoerou can’t scale bit—mapped fonts up or
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`information is limited to the person’s full 1131116,ij title, and
`address. However, the user can set up finger to retrieve one or
`more text files that Contain information (such as a resume) that
`the user wants to make public.
`
`firewall A security procedure that places a specially pro—
`grammed computer system between an organization’s local area
`neneerle (LAN) and the Internet. The firewall computer prevents
`crackers from accessing the internal network. Unfortunately, it
`also prevents the organization’s computer users from gaining
`direct access to the Internet. The access that the firewall provides
`is indirect and mediated by programs called proxy servers.
`
`FireWire A standard established by the Institute qf Elertriml and
`Electronic Engineers (IEEE) that lays out specifications for a very
`fast port that may someday replace the serial port. FireWire ports
`have not yet appeared on any commercially available rarnpmcr
`systems.
`
`firmware Broadly, the system software stored in a computer's
`read-only memory (Ron/I) or elsewhere in the computer’s cir-
`cuitry, such as the basic input-mnput system (BIOS) chips in IBM
`PC—compun'ble computers.
`
`FIRST See Forum of Incident Response and Security "Earns.
`
`first generation computer The earliest phase of electronic
`digital computer technology, dating from the mid-19403 to the
`late 19505. Huge, power—hungry, and expensive, these computers
`used vacuum tubes for switching devices. Significant achieve—
`ments during this period were: the stored program concept, the
`notion that the program instructions as well as the data could be
`stored in the computer’s memory; the use of binary instead of
`decimal numbers for processing purposes; and the development
`of auxiliary storage using magnetic tape drives.
`
`first generation programming language The earliest pro—
`gramming language, which involved writing instructions in
`maclu‘ne language.
`
`fixed disk Synonymous with hard disk.
`
`fixed-frequency monitor An analog monitor designed to re—
`ceive input signals at only one Frequency. In contrast, a rmiln’scan—
`“big mar-titer automatically adjusts to match the incoming signal.
`Most of the Video Graphics Array (LC/l) monitors sold with
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