STATUS OF AMENDMENTS
`
`All claim amendments have been entered by the Examiner. No amendments to
`
`the claims were proposed after the final rejection.
`
`Apple Inc.
`EX. 1004 - Page 451
`
`Apple Inc.
`Ex. 1004 - Page 451
`
`

`

`SUMMARY OF CLAIMED SUBJECT MATTER
`
`Claimed embodiments are directed to methods for enabling two mobile devices
`
`to find another within a network without requiring a intermediary server that includes
`
`location information for the mobile devices in order to establish a direct connection
`
`between the two mobile devices for instant messaging.
`
`A.
`
`CLAIM 1- INDEPENDENT
`
`Claim 1
`
`is directed towards a method for establishing session-based instant
`
`messaging communications between an initiating mobile device (paragraph 009, line 6;
`
`figure 1, reference 105) and a target mobile device (paragraph 009,
`
`line 6; figure 1,
`
`reference 110)
`
`that each support a data packet-based communications service
`
`(paragraph 0011, lines 14-24; figure 1, references 155 and 160) over a digital mobile
`
`network system (figure 1; paragraphs 0009—0011). The method begins by opening a
`
`listening software port (paragraph 0013,
`
`line 18 referring to "TCP port") for the target
`
`mobile device on the initiating mobile device to receive communications through the
`
`data packet-based communications service from the target mobile device (figure 2, step
`
`210; paragraph 0013, lines 17-19).
`
`The method continues by transmitting, from the initiating mobile device, an
`
`invitation message containing an address (paragraph 0013,
`
`line 22, referring to "IP
`
`address“) and the listening software port (paragraph 0013,
`
`line 23, referring to "TCP
`
`port") of the initiating mobile device to the target mobile device (figure 2, step 230;
`
`paragraph 0013,
`
`lines 21-25) through a page-mode messaging service, (paragraph
`
`0013,
`
`line 23, referring to "SMS text message") wherein the target mobile device is
`
`located by providing to the page-mode messaging service a unique identification
`
`number (paragraph 0013,
`
`lines 23, referring to "phone number“) that is used by the
`
`digital mobile network system to locate the target mobile device.
`
`The method continues by receiving, at the initiating mobile device, a response
`
`from the target mobile device at the listening software port on the initiating mobile
`
`device (figure 2, step 270; paragraph 0013, lines 32-33) through the data packet-based
`
`communications service (paragraph 0013, lines 30-32, referring to “request to establish
`
`Apple Inc.
`EX. 1004 - Page 452
`
`Apple Inc.
`Ex. 1004 - Page 452
`
`

`

`a TCP connection .
`
`.
`
`. to the .
`
`.
`
`. TCP port") and establishing a virtual connection (figure
`
`2, step 280; paragraph 0013,
`
`line 33 referring to "TOP connection) through the data
`
`packet—based communications service for the session-based instant messaging session
`
`between the initiating mobile device and the target mobile device, wherein the virtual
`
`connection is established without use of a server that handles connection requests from
`
`multiple mobile devices.
`
`B.
`
`CLAIM 12 - INDEPENDENT
`
`Claim 12 is directed towards a mobile device (paragraph 0009, line 6; figure 1,
`
`reference 105) enabled to establish session-based instant messaging communications
`
`with a target mobile device (paragraph 009, line 6; figure 1, reference 110) in a digital
`
`mobile network system (figure 1; paragraphs 0009-0011). The mobile device comprises
`
`programming means (paragraph 0009, lines 1-5, generally referring to mobile devices
`
`enabled to interact with the digital mobile network) to support a data packet-based
`
`communications service (paragraph 0011, lines 14-24 referring to "IP network based
`
`communication"; figure 1, references 155 and 160) over the digital mobile network
`
`system and programming means to support a page—mode messaging service
`
`(paragraph 0010, lines 1-10 referring to “page mode messaging service, such as SMS“)
`
`over the digital mobile network system.
`
`The mobile device further comprises programming means to open a listening
`
`software port (paragraph 0013,
`
`line 18 referring to "TCP port") for the target mobile
`
`device to receive communication through the data packet-based communications
`
`service from the target mobile device (figure 2, step 210; paragraph 0013, lines 17-19),
`
`programming means to send an invitation message containing an address (paragraph
`
`0013, line 22, referring to "IP address") and the listening software port (paragraph 0013,
`
`line 23, referring to "TCP port") of the mobile device to the target mobile device (figure
`
`2, step 230; paragraph 0013, lines 21-25) through the page-mode messaging service
`
`(paragraph 0013, line 23, referring to "SMS text message"), wherein the target mobile
`
`device is
`
`located by providing to the page-mode messaging service a unique
`
`identification number (paragraph 0013,
`
`lines 23, referring to "phone number") that is
`
`used by the digital mobile network system to locate the target mobile device,
`
`Apple Inc.
`Ex. 1004 - Page 453
`
`Apple Inc.
`Ex. 1004 - Page 453
`
`

`

`programming means
`
`to
`
`receive
`
`a
`
`response
`
`through the data packet-based
`
`communications service (paragraph 0013, lines 30-32, referring to "request to establish
`
`a TCP connection .
`
`.
`
`. to the .
`
`.
`
`. TCP port") from the target mobile device at the listening
`
`software port (figure 2, step 270; paragraph 0013,
`
`lines 32-33), and programming
`
`means to establish a virtual connection (figure 2, step 280; paragraph 0013,
`
`line 33
`
`referring to "TCP connection) through the data packet-based communications service
`
`for the session-based instant messaging communications between the mobile device
`
`and the target mobile device, wherein the virtual connection is established without use
`
`of a server that handles connection requests from multiple mobile devices.
`
`C.
`
`CLAIM 22 - INDEPENDENT
`
`Claim 22 is directed towards a computer readable storage medium having stored
`
`therein a computer program for establishing a session-based instant messaging
`
`communications between an initiating mobile device (paragraph 009,
`
`line 6; figure 1,
`
`reference 105) and a target mobile device (paragraph 009,
`
`line 6; figure 1, reference
`
`110) that each supports a data packet-based communications service (paragraph 0011,
`
`lines 14-24; figure 1, references 155 and 160) over a digital mobile network system
`
`(figure 1; paragraphs 0009-0011), the computer program to be executed on the initiating
`
`mobile device to carry out all the steps of claim 1.
`
`The steps of claim 1 begin by opening a listening software port (paragraph 0013,
`
`line 18 referring to "TCP port") for the target mobile device on the initiating mobile
`
`device to receive communications through the data packet-based communications
`
`service from the target mobile device (figure 2, step 210; paragraph 0013, lines 17-19).
`
`The steps continue by transmitting, from the initiating mobile device, an invitation
`
`message containing an address (paragraph 0013, line 22, referring to "IP address") and
`the listening software port (paragraph 0013,
`line 23, referring to "TCP port") of the
`
`initiating mobile device to the target mobile device (figure 2, step 230; paragraph 0013,
`
`lines 21-25) through a page-mode messaging service,
`
`(paragraph 0013,
`
`line 23,
`
`referring to "SMS text message") wherein the target mobile device is located by
`
`providing to the page-mode messaging service a unique identification number
`
`Apple Inc.
`EX. 1004 - Page 454
`
`Apple Inc.
`Ex. 1004 - Page 454
`
`

`

`(paragraph 0013,
`
`lines 23, referring to "phone number") that is used by the digital
`
`mobile network system to locate the target mobile device.
`
`The steps continue by receiving, at the initiating mobile device, a response from
`
`the target mobile device at the listening software port on the initiating mobile device
`
`(figure 2, step 270; paragraph 0013,
`
`lines 32-33) through the data packet-based
`
`communications service (paragraph 0013, lines 30-32, referring to "request to establish
`
`a TCP connection .
`
`.
`
`. to the .
`
`.
`
`. TCP port") and establishing a virtual connection (figure
`
`2, step 280; paragraph 0013,
`
`line 33 referring to "TOP connection) through the data
`
`packet-based communications service for the session-based instant messaging session
`
`between the initiating mobile device and the target mobile device, wherein the virtual
`
`connection is established without use of a server that handles connection requests from
`
`multiple mobile devices.
`
`10
`
`Apple Inc.
`Ex. 1004 - Page 455
`
`Apple Inc.
`Ex. 1004 - Page 455
`
`

`

`GROUNDS 0F REJECTION TO BE REVIEWED ON APPEAL
`
`Claims 1, 12 and 22 stand rejected under 35 U.S.C. §102(e) as being anticipated
`
`by United States Patent Publication No. 2005/0058094 (hereinafter, referred to as
`
`“Lazaridis”).
`
`11
`
`Apple Inc.
`Ex. 1004 - Page 456
`
`Apple Inc.
`Ex. 1004 - Page 456
`
`

`

`ARGUMENTS
`
`REJECTION OF CLAIMS 1, 12 AND 22 UNDER 35 U.S.C. §102(E) OVER U.S.
`
`PATENT PUBLICATION 2005/0058094 ( “LAZARIDIS”).
`
`Appellant
`
`respectfully disagrees with the Examiner's position that Lazaridis
`
`teaches or suggests the following limitations in independent claim 1
`
`(and similar
`
`limitations in claims 12 and 22):
`
`a. "opening a listening software port for the target mobile device on the
`initiating mobile device to receive communications through the data packet-
`based communications service,"
`
`b.
`
`. at the listening
`.
`"receiving a response from the target mobile device .
`software port
`.
`.
`.
`through the data packet-based communications
`service" when the invitation message is required to be sent through a
`"page-mode messaging service," and
`
`c. establishing a "virtual connection" between the initiating mobile device and
`the
`target mobile
`device
`"through
`the
`data-packet
`based
`communications service."
`
`let alone a
`Lazaridis does not mention a "listening software port" at all,
`A.
`listening software port "for the target device" that receives communications
`"through the data packet-based communications service."
`
`Claim 1's recitation of opening a listening software port (such as a TCP port in
`
`dependent
`
`claim 5) on the initiating mobile device has
`
`two specific limiting
`
`requirements: (1) it is opened for the target mobile device, and (2) it is opened to
`
`receive communications through the data-packet based communications service
`
`(such as an GPRS in dependent claim 3). These specific limitations mean that the
`
`claimed listening software port cannot be: (1) a well-known, default or generic listening
`
`software port that is generally open and accessible to any and all devices, or (2)
`
`opened to receive communications through services that are not data packet-based.
`
`Lazaridis makes no mention whatsoever of any listening software port at all, let alone a
`
`listening software port that is opened for a particular target mobile device and that is
`
`used to receive communications through a data packet based communications service.
`
`12
`
`Apple Inc.
`EX. 1004 - Page 457
`
`Apple Inc.
`Ex. 1004 - Page 457
`
`

`

`In an Examiner interview on July 1, 2009,
`
`the Examiner acknowledged that
`
`opening a listening port is not expressly mentioned in Lazaridis but maintained that
`
`opening a listening software port is implicit in paragraphs [0022]-[0023] of Lazaridis and
`
`that any mobile device necessarily has to open a listening software port just to operate
`
`and communicate with other devices. This assertion is simply incorrect and further
`
`ignores the express additional limitations that claim 1 has on the listening software port,
`
`namely, that it is (1) opened for the target mobile device, and (2) opened to receive
`
`communications
`
`through the data-packet based communications
`
`service.1
`
`Paragraphs [0022]-[0023] of Lazaridis simply introduce a well-known computer system
`
`environment (e.g., well-known mobile base stations such as cell phones, well-known
`
`wireless network standards such as GSM/GPRS and routers and servers capable of
`
`well known network protocols, such as TCP/IP) in which Lazaridis's own claimed
`
`methods can operate but do not even describe the steps of these methods. Paragraph
`
`[0027], also cited by the Examiner, specifically discusses using a "circuit switched" cell
`
`phone call, which, as is well known in the art, is completely contrary to using a "data
`
`packet—based communications service" as required by the claim.2
`
`It is well-known in the art that any general computer system may open different
`
`types of default or well-known listening software ports for specific purposes. However,
`
`such default listening software ports can only be used for such specific purposes and
`
`simply do not satisfy all the additional requirements of Appellant's claimed listening port
`
`and cannot be used as required Appellant's claimed steps. For example, a mobile
`
`device may support a default SMS listening software port opened to receive SMS
`
`messages from all other devices, but such a default SMS port is neither (1) opened for
`
`a specific target mobile device, nor (2) used to receive communications through a data-
`
`packet based communications service.3
`
`Similarly, well-known TCP ports (i.e.,
`
`in
`
`1 Please refer to Annex A herein for an explanation of a "data-packet based communications" service,
`such as GPRS, as is well known in the art. As shown in Annex A, a "data packet based communications
`system" differs from circuit switched data transmissions as well as SMS, a "page mode messaging
`service," as referred to in claim 1.
`2 Please refer to both Annex A and Annex B for a description of the difference between circuit switched
`data transmission and packet based data transmission as is well known in the art.
`3 Annex A distinguishes SMS as a type data transmission that is different from GPRS, a "data packet
`based communications system" as referenced in claim 1. Furthermore, Annex C describes SMS as
`"page mode messaging" as used in claim 1 which is distinguished from a "data packet based
`communications service" as used in claim 1.
`
`13
`
`Apple Inc.
`Ex. 1004 - Page 458
`
`Apple Inc.
`Ex. 1004 - Page 458
`
`

`

`contrast to SMS ports, TCP ports are used to received through a "data-packet based
`
`communications service," such as GPRS) are opened as a default to service any and all
`
`devices for specific purposes (e.g., FTP, telnet, HTTP, etc.) and therefore do not satisfy
`
`the requirement in claim 1 of being opened "for the target mobile device" and thus
`
`cannot be used for Appellant's own claimed steps.4 While mobile devices may
`
`generally have the capability (and indeed must have such a capability for Appellant's
`
`claimed invention) to open a listening software port for the target mobile device to
`
`receive communication through the data-packet based communications services,
`
`Appellant submits that no mobile devices simply by default, open such a specific type of
`
`listening software port as recited in claim 1 (e.g., a specific TCP port to establish a
`
`"virtual connection" between two devices). There must be a specific purpose or
`
`reason to open such a specific type of listening software port and Lazaridis does not
`
`mention any such purpose, and furthermore,
`
`the pre-existing technologies and the
`
`techniques described in Lazaridis simply do not need to open such a listening
`
`software port.
`
`Lazaridis does not receive a response through the data-packet based
`B.
`communications service while transmitting the invitation through a page mode
`messaging service.
`
`Claim 1 further requires "receiving a response from the target mobile device .
`
`.
`
`.
`
`at the listening software port .
`
`.
`
`. through the data packet-based communications
`
`service. Additionally, Claim 1
`
`is further limited by the fact that the initial
`
`invitation
`
`message is required to be sent through a "page-mode messaging service" (e.g.,
`
`SMS) and not the data packet based communications service (e.g., GPRS) that the
`
`response is received through (see footnote 3 herein, and accompanying Annexes A and
`
`C for the well-known distinction between a "data packet-based communications service"
`
`and a "page mode messaging service"). Appellant respectfully submits that
`
`the
`
`Examiner fails to acknowledge these distinctions and that Lazaridis simply fails to teach
`
`4 Please refer to Annex D for examples of well-known TCP ports for well-known Internet services such as
`FTP servers (port 20), telnet server (port 23), and HTTP servers (port 80) Such well-known TCP ports
`are not opened by default on mobile devices because mobile devices do not run servers for data packet
`based communications services by default. Furthermore, because such well-known ports are "well-
`known", they available to any computer desiring to communicate the computer having the opened port
`and are therefore not opened for a specific target mobile device, as required by claim 1.
`
`14
`
`Apple Inc.
`Ex. 1004 - Page 459
`
`Apple Inc.
`Ex. 1004 - Page 459
`
`

`

`or suggest this difference in the communication medium used to first send an invitation
`
`message and then receive a response.
`
`In the paragraph [0024] as cited by the
`
`Examiner, Lazaridis simply uses the same "existing communications application" to
`
`both send an invitation message and receive a response, directly contradicting
`
`Appellant's requirements in claim 1. Whether this “existing communications application“
`
`is SMS, email, MMS, EMS or any other "existing" communications application,
`
`the
`
`underlying mechanism and medium for sending an invitation and receiving a response
`
`via such an existing communications application will be the same and therefore does
`
`not satisfy the distinction of claim 1
`
`in the invitation transmission step (via a page mode
`
`messaging service) and the response receiving step (via the data packet-based
`
`communications
`
`service).
`
`Indeed,
`
`the
`
`fact
`
`that Lazaridis
`
`utilizes
`
`"existing
`
`communications
`
`applications"
`
`to
`
`initiate
`
`communications with
`
`another device
`
`demonstrates that Lazaridis does not even offer new methods to initiate such
`
`communications, as is the core focus of Appellant's own claims.
`
`Lazaridis does not teach or suggest establishing a "virtual connection"
`C.
`through "the data packet-based communication service".
`
`Claim 1 also requires "establishing a virtual connection through the data packet
`
`based communications service." One example of a virtual connection is a TCP
`
`connection (see dependent claim 5). Appellant respectfully submits that the Examiner
`
`fails to acknowledge the establishment of a "virtual connection" as that term is very well-
`
`known and understood in the art (e.g., enabling the transmission of a byte stream
`
`between two nodes).5 Nowhere in Lazaridis is there any mention or suggestion that any
`
`virtual connection is ever made.
`
`Indeed all the examples of "existing communications
`
`applications" in Lazaridis are not virtual connection based applications (i.e., SMS,
`
`email, MMS, EMS, etc.).
`
`Instead, as clearly taught in Lazaridis,
`
`in paragraph [0025],
`
`peer-to-peer messages are discretely sent back and forth (i.e., not using a continues
`
`byte stream of a "virtual connection"), each time, embedding a PIN in such a discrete
`
`5 Please refer to Annex E for an example of description of a "virtual connection," as is well understood in
`the art. Specifically, Wikipedia's definition of "virtual circuit" (synonymous with "virtual connection," as
`noted therein) notes that a virtual connection enables a byte steam to be delivered between nodes and
`mentions TCP and GPRS as examples, none of which is taught or suggested in Lazaridis.
`
`15
`
`Apple Inc.
`Ex. 1004 - Page 460
`
`Apple Inc.
`Ex. 1004 - Page 460
`
`

`

`message to assist a routing server to route the message.
`
`Lazaridis's described
`
`messaging techniques are in direct contradiction with the establishment of a "virtual
`
`connection" as required by claim 1, as the term is well understood in the art, that
`
`enables a continuous byte stream to be transmitted between two nodes.
`
`As the foregoing illustrates, Lazaridis fails to teach or suggest each and every
`
`limitation of claim 1.
`
`Independent claims 12 and 22 recite limitations similar to those
`
`discussed in conjunction with claim 1. Therefore, these independent claims and all
`
`claims dependent thereupon are allowable for at least the same reasons as allowable
`
`claim 1.
`
`16
`
`Apple Inc.
`EX. 1004 - Page 461
`
`Apple Inc.
`Ex. 1004 - Page 461
`
`

`

`Annex A
`
`GSM services
`From Wikipedia. the free encyclopedia
`
`Wikipedia Entry for “GSM Services”
`Visited August 29, 2009
`
`
`30
`
`
`Data transmission
`[edit]
`
`The GSM standard also provides separate facilities for transmitting digital data. This allows a mobile phone to act like an},t other computer on
`the Internet, sending and receiving data via the internet Protocol.
`
`The mobile may also be connected to a desktop computer. laptop, or FDA, for use as a network interface (just like a modem or ethernet
`card. but using one of the GSM data protocols described below instead ofa PSTN—compatible audio channel or an ethernet link to transmit
`data). Some GSM phones can also bra-controlled by a standardised Hayes AT command set through a serial cable or a wireless link [using
`IrDA. or Bluetooth}. The AT commands can control anything from ring tones to data compression algorithms.
`
`in addition to general Internet access, other special services mat,t be provided by the mobile phone operator, such as SMS.
`
`Circuit-switched data protocots
`
`[edit]
`
`A circuit—switched data connection reserves at certain amount of bandwidth between two points for the life of a connection, just as a
`traditional phone call allocates an audio channel of a certain quality between two phones for the duration ofthe call.
`
`Two circuit~switched data. protocols are defined in the GSM standard; Circuit Switched Data {CED} and High-Speed Circuit-Switched Data.
`(HSCSD}. These types of connections are typically charged on a per—second basis, regardless ofthe amount ofdata sent over the link. This
`is because a certain amount of bandwidth is dedicated to the connection regardless of whether or not it is needed.
`
`Circuit—switched connections do have the advantage of providing a. constant, guaranteed quality of service, which is useful for real-time
`applications like video conferencing.
`
`General Packet Radio Service (GPRS)
`
`[edit]
`
`The General Packet Radio Service (GPRS} is . packet-switched data transmission protocol hich was incorporated into the GSl‘i/l standard
`in 1997. It is backwards—compatible with system
`.
`- b'-- "~ r
`'
`-'
`I
`' --
`.' .-. ’o. GPRS does this by sending packets to the
`local mobile phone mast {HTS} on channels not being used by circuit witched voice calls or data connections. Multiple GPRS users can
`share a single unused channel because each ofthem uses it only for Iccasional short bursts.
`
`
`
`The advantage of packet—switched connections is that bandwidth is o y used when there is actually data to transmit. This type ofconnection
`is thus generally billed by the kilobyte instead of by the second. and i
`, usually a cheaper alternative for applications that only need to send
`and receive data sporadically. like instant messaging.
`
`
`GF‘RS is usually described as a 2.55:? technology; see the main articl
`
`for more information.
`
`Short Message Service (SMS)
`
`Main article: Short message service
`
`
`
`
`
`[edit]
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Short Messages [more commonly known as text messages} has bec me the most used data. application on mobile phones, with 74% of all
`mobile phone users worldwide already as active users of SMS, or 2.4 -i|lion people by the end of 200?. In many advanced countries, the»
`users have shitted from considering the voice call being the most desi ed feature of a mobile phone. to considering SMS text messaging as
`the most desired feature.
`
`SMS text messages may be sent by mobile phone users to other mo its users or external services that accept SMS. The messages are
`usually sent from mobile devices via the Short Message Service Cent - using the MAP protocol.
`
`The SMSC is a central routing hubs for Short Messages. Many mobil service operators Lise their SMSCS as gateways to external systems,
`including the Internet, incoming SMS news feeds, and other mobile opera ors ,0 en ing the de facto Siv‘lPP standard for SMS exchange}.
`The SMS standard is also used outside of the GSM system: see the main article for Ietails.
`
`
`As is well-known and shown here, a “data packet based communications service”
`as used in claim 1 is a different data transmission service than
`
`(1) SMS data transmission, a “page mode messaging service” as in claim 1, and (2)
`circuit based communications service, as distinguished herein.
`
`15
`
`Apple Inc.
`EX. 1004 - Page 462
`
`
`
`Apple Inc.
`Ex. 1004 - Page 462
`
`

`

`Annex B
`
`Wikipedia Entry for “Packet switching”
`Visited August 29, 2009
`
`
`Eacket switching
`From trivikipedic-i.= the free encyclopedia
`
`
` ‘4? This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. Please improve this
`
`article if you can. {Julyé‘OOZ}
`
`Packet switching is a network communications method that groups all transmitted data. irrespective of content. type, or structure into
`suitably-sized blocks, called packets. The network over which packets are transmitted is a shared network which routes each packet
`independently from all others and allocates transmission resources as needed. The principal goals of packet switching are to optimize
`utilization of available link capacity and to increase the robustness of communication. When traversing network adapters. switches and other
`network nodes, packets are buffered and queued, resulting in variable delay and throughput, depending on the traffic load in the network.
`
`Network resources are managed by statistical multiplexing or dynamic bandwidth allocation in which a physical communication channel is
`effectively divided into an arbitrary number of logical variable-bit—rate channels or data streams. Each logical stream consists of a sequence of
`packets. which normally are forwarded by a network node asynchronously using first-in, first—out buffering. Alternatively, the packets may be
`forwarded according to some scheduling discipline forfair queuing or fordifferentiated or guaranteed quality,r of service, such as pipeline
`forwarding or time-driven priority (TDP). Any buffering introduces varying latency and throughput in transmission. ln case of a shared physical
`medium, the packets may be delivered according to some packet—mode multiple access scheme.
`
`tethod which sets up a specific circuit with a
`Packet switchin contrasts with another nerincial networkin- aradi m. circuit switchin . a
`limited numberdedicated connection of constant bit rate and constant delay be veen nodes for exclusive use during the communication
`session.
`
`
`Packet mode (or Bucket—oriented, acket—basedl ommunication may be utilize
`switches).
`
`As described herein, “packet
`switching” contrasts “Cil’CUit
`switching.”
`
`E1 History
`E2 Connectionless and connection—oriented acketswitcningE
`E Packet switching in networks
`X25 vs. Frame Relay packet switching
`
`Eésee also
`E5 References
`5.1 Bibliography
`
`E? Further reading
`E8 External links
`
`
`
`
`
`Contents Inisle}
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`with or without intermediate forwarding nodes (packet
`
`
`
`TDM « FDM ‘ WDM
`Polarization multiplexing
`
`
`
`Spatial multiplexing {dildo}
`
`[edit]
`
`The concept of packet switching was first -xplorecl by Paul Baran in the early 19605, and then independently
`a few years later by Donald Davies (Abbat -, 2000}.
`
`Leonard Kleinrock-conducted early resear h in queueing theory which would be important in packet switching,
`and published a book in the related field 0 digital message switching (without the packets} in 1961; he also
`later played a leading role in building and i anagement of the world‘s first packet switched network, the
`
`Media Access antml (MAC)
`
`
`
` T3235 hex:
`
`
`
`
`As described herein, “packet-based” as used in claim 1 is equivalent to packet
`mode, packet oriented, or “packet-switching”, as used in Annex A in distinguishing
`packet based communications services from page mode messaging services such
`as SMS.
`
`16
`
`Apple Inc.
`Ex. 1004 - Page 463
`
`Apple Inc.
`Ex. 1004 - Page 463
`
`

`

`Annex C
`
`Specification for SIP IM Requirements
`httgziitoois.Eetfiorgihtmildraft-roses:berg-simgiemessagEng—regssealants-£3"?
`Visited August 29, 2009
`
`SZM?LE
`Enternet-Draft
`Expires: August 12, 2034
`
`J. Rosenberg
`dynamicsoft
`February 12, 2004
`
`Advanced Instant messaging Requirements for the Session Initiation
`Protocol
`(SIP;
`draft-rosenberg—simple—messaging—requirements—G1
`
`Status of this Memo
`
`This document is an Enternet—Draft an& is in fuil conformance with
`
`1 pr visions of Section 10 of RFC2026.
`
`Internet—Drafts are working documents of the Znternet Engineering
`Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working grougs. Note that other
`groups may also fiistribute working documents as Znternet-Drafts.
`
`Znternet-Brafts are draft documents vaiié for a maximum of six months
`
`and may be undated, replaced, or obsoietefi by other documents at any
`time. it is inapyropriate to use internet—Drafts as reference
`materiai or to cite them other than as "work in progress."
`
`The Zist of current Znternet—Drafts can be accessed at httngf
`www.ietf.orc/ietf/lid—abstracts.txt.
`
`
`
`
`Introduction
`
`The Session initiation Protocoi
`(SIP) fiefines severai specifications
`,11
`,t
`
`? st,
`or
`ue' qulq ‘
`'
`
`
`
`
`
`
`allows for "page—mode“
`
`messaging, offering a service similar to Short
`
`
`in wireiess networks. A more advanced
`Message Service (SMS)
`
`
`
`
`
`
`capaoiiity, ca_ ed seSSion mode messaging, uses t e SEP ENVETE met oi
`
`.ession whose media type is messaging {g}. This allows
`to establish a
`for many 8:? cauabiiities to be directiy applied to instant
`messaging, such as conferencing {E}.
`
`As is well known and described in an RFC draft of the IETF, a “page mode
`messaging” service is equivalent to SMS.
`
`17
`
`Apmelno
`EX. 1004 - Page 464
`
`Apple Inc.
`Ex. 1004 - Page 464
`
`

`

`Annex D
`
`Wikipedia Entry for “Well known ports”
`Visited August 29, 2009
`
`ListOE‘TCF’andUDPpofinumberS
`From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
`1' "om Well known ports}
`
`
`
`In computer networking, the protocols ofthe Transport Layer ofthe Internet Protocol Suite, most notably the Transmission Control Protocol
`[V"TCP"} and the User Datagram Protocol E'"'UDP"}, but also other protocols, use a numerical identifier for the data structures of the endpoints
`for host-to-host communications. Such an endpoint is known as a port and the identifier is the port number. The internet Assigned Numbers
`Authority (IANAE is responsible for maintaining the official assignments of port numbers for specific uses.m
`Contents {one}
`
`
`
`1 Table legend
`
`E2 Well-known ports: 0—1023
`E3 Registered ports: 1024—49151
`
`E4; Dynamic andfor private ports: @9152—6553 I
`Es See also
`
`
`
`EE References
`E7 External links
`
`TabEe'egendl‘Ed‘l
`
`Color coding of table entries
`
`Portiapplication combination is registered with lANA
`Official
` notficral Port/application combination is not registered with lANA
`Conflict Port is in use for multiple applications
`
`Well-known ports: 0—1023
`
`Official
`
`18
`
`Apple Inc.
`Ex. 1004 - Page 465
`
`[edit]
`
`
`
`
`TCP Port Service Multiplexer
`
`Management Utility
`
`
`Reserved
`
`Echo
`
`Description
`'
`
` Compression Process
`
`
` ERen'lote Job Entry
`
`Discard
`
`
`A .f‘
`'3“
`
`
`
`
`
`
`-
`DAleME — (RFC
`E
`.
`
`Quote of the Bag:
`Eomc'ial
`
`
`
`Official
` BJTCF’EUDP Message Send Protocol
`
`
`
`Apple Inc.
`Ex. 1004 - Page 465
`
`

`

`Annex E
`
`Wikipedia Entry for “Virtual circuit”
`Visited August 29, 2009
`
`Virtual ““3“?"
`From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
`
` In telecommunications and computer networks a virtue! circuit WC}, synonymous with virtual contraction and virtual channel, is a
`connection oriented communication service that rs ~e were: y means o pac e moe communrca on.
`‘ 'er a connec ion orvr ua circuit is
`established between two nodes or application processes, a loit stream or byte stream may be deli»; ed between the nodes, A virtual circuit
`protocol hides the division into segments. packets or frames from higher level protocols.
`
`Virtual circuit communication resembles circuit switching, since both are connection oriented) mean ing that in both cases data is delivered in
`correct orders and signalling overhead is required during a connection establishment phase. Howeve , circuit switching provides constant bit
`rate and latency, while these mayvary in a virtual circuit sewice dueto reasons such as:
`
`w varying packet queue lengths in the network nodes,
`at varying bit rate generated by the application.
`in varying load from other users sharing the same network resources by means of statistical multi axing, etc.
`
`Many virtual circuit protocols, but not all. provide- reliable communication service, by means of data etransmissions due to error detection
`
`and automatic repeat request fARQ}.
`
`
`
`CORIEI’IIS {itW3}
`
`1 Layer 4 virtual circuits
`2 Layer 213 virtual circuits
`3 Examples of protocols that provide virtual circuits
`4 Perman