Case 1:20-cv-00034-ADA Document 50-2 Filed 04/10/20 Page 1 of 10
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`Exhibit 18
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`

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`Case 1:20-cv-00034-ADA Document 50-2 Filed 04/10/20 Page 2 of 10
`
`e
`beeble~
`
`••
`
`Hardware Stamping™
`Technology Overvievv
`White Paper
`
`Version 1 :o
`
`Author:
`
`Miki Mullor, CTO
`
`Published:
`
`September, 2001
`
`Exhibit A
`·"
`'--- - -
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`ANCORA_00000272
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`

`

`••
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`•
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`Case 1:20-cv-00034-ADA Document 50-2 Filed 04/10/20 Page 3 of 10
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`' • beeble~
`
`...
`
`Complying with all applicable copyright laws is the
`responsibility of the reader. Without limiting the rights
`under copyright, no part of this documenJ may be
`reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system,
`or transmitted in any form or by any means (electronic,
`mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise), or for
`any purpose, without the express written permission of
`Beeb/e, Inc.
`Beeble may have patents, patent applications, trademarks,
`copyrights, or other intellectual property rights covering
`subject matter in this document. Except as expressly
`provided in any wrillen license agreement from Beeb/e, the
`furnishing of this document does not give you any license Jo
`these patents, trademarks, copyrighls, or other intellectual
`property.
`© 200/ Beeble, Inc. All rights reserved
`The names of actual companies and products mentioned
`herein may be the trademarks of their respective owners.
`Beeb/e, Inc., 22 Parthenia, Irvine, CA 92606 USA
`09/2001
`
`© 2001 Copyright Beeble, lnc.
`
`-Confidential-
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`Page 2 of9
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`ANCORA_00000273
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`

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`Case 1:20-cv-00034-ADA Document 50-2 Filed 04/10/20 Page 4 of 10
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`e
`
`e
`beceble~
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`System Architecture
`
`The following diagram outlines Beeble' s general architecture and main
`components. In the diagram, BXL™ and Hardware Stamping™ are proprietary
`processes that encapsulate Beeble's technological innovations. This white paper
`focuses on Hardware Stamping™, therefore BXL will not be discussed.
`
`beeble~
`
`License Server
`
`beeble~
`
`Web Portals
`
`- - - - - , G I
`
`_ ___ J
`
`beeble~
`Licensing 1 - - - - - i
`.......,,_ ..... Customer PC
`Manager
`
`,ii r BXl License ~
`
`BXL Statements
`Interpretation
`
`Beebllzed
`Application
`
`( BXL )
`
`Figure I: Beeble System Architecture
`
`Software Vendor
`
`Software Distribution
`C rn
`w
`
`:::!:
`w
`0
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`© 2001 Copyright Beeble, Inc.
`
`-Confidential-
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`Page 3 of9
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`ANCORA_00000274
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`

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`Case 1:20-cv-00034-ADA Document 50-2 Filed 04/10/20 Page 5 of 10
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`e
`beeble~
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`Hardware Stamping TM
`
`Hardware Stamping is a method of binding a software product with a specific
`computer. The act of stamping is achieved by writing BXL licenses to non(cid:173)
`volatile memory chips (EEPROM) present in PCs. More specifically, Beeble
`writes BXL licenses to the PC's BIOS EEPROM. EEPROMs are electronic chips
`that can hold data with no dependency on electric current. EEPROMs do not
`have mechanical parts in them and are considered an extremely reliable method of
`storage. Writing to EEPROMs can be accomplished through software; therefore
`Beeble does not require any additional hardware to be added to the PC.
`
`BIOS EEPROM provide a stable, predicted envirorunent for holding BXL
`licenses. Unlike disk drives, access to the BIOS is limited and not supported in
`operating systems. In order for a user to access the BIOS EEPROM proprietary
`software would need to be developed, since this type of software is not
`commercially available.
`
`Beeble accesses its BXL licenses from the BIOS EEPROM through direct
`memory read and write operations, therefore it is untraceable. Other software
`licensing systems, which rely on standard OS IO support to access licensing
`information, can be easily traced by means the OS provides.
`
`Access to the BIOS EEPROM (where BXL licenses are stored) is not trivial,
`requires thought and effort: therefore it is possible to assume that any
`modifications made to BXL licenses that are not performed by Beeble are of
`malicious in nature. Detecting differences between Beeble's records of installed
`licenses and actual licenses present on the PC can identify illegal tampering with
`Beeble's licenses installed and prove fraud. Beeble's ability to detect fraud is a
`key component in deterring potential hackers from tampering with the Beeble
`system.
`Hardware stamping is patent pending in the US.
`
`© 2001 Copyright Beeble, lnc.
`
`-Confidential-
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`Page 4 of9
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`ANCORA_00000275
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`

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`•
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`•
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`Case 1:20-cv-00034-ADA Document 50-2 Filed 04/10/20 Page 6 of 10
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`e
`beeble~
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`Beeble Client Architecture
`
`Beeble Client Side component include a Kernel mode windows driver, and a
`control panel applet.
`
`Winlnet
`
`License Manager
`
`Beeblized Application
`
`Control Panel
`Applet
`
`BXL Interface
`Library
`
`Beeble Kernel-mode Driver
`
`Beeble File H
`
`
`H
`BXL
`~-Sys_ tem_~H~_0eayp _ __ 10_r ~H ~_E_JCeCU_ t_or~
`
`BIOS EEPROM
`
`Figure 2: Beeble Client Architecture
`
`© 2001 Copyright Beeble, Inc.
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`-Confidential-
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`Page 5 of 9
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`ANCORA_00000276
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`•
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`Case 1:20-cv-00034-ADA Document 50-2 Filed 04/10/20 Page 7 of 10
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`e
`bceceble~
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`Beeble License Manager
`
`Beeble License Manager is a windows control panel applet that allows users to
`self manage Beeb le licenses installed on their machine. The license manager is
`one focal point from which from users can purchase software, rent applications,
`manage licenses (transfer, return), deploy corporate licenses, etc.
`
`1·
`' I Beeblizer Version 1.0
`
`: beeble~
`
`' -
`
`---------
`
`. - ~- -- -----------· - - ·--- -
`Currently Installed Applications
`
`i!!illiiJIE3
`
`- -
`
`··-
`
`·-=
`
`Application Name
`~ Microsoft Power Point
`~ Microsoft Publisher
`Iii Microsoft Word
`!!ii Microsoft Excel
`~Scribble
`r. Adobe Photoshop
`(EAdobe Acrobat
`'9 Real Movie Player
`ml Quicklime
`
`I
`
`I
`
`License Status
`Unlicensed
`Unlicensed
`Unlicensed
`Unlicensed
`Unlicensed
`Unlicensed
`Unlicensed
`Unlicensed
`Unlicensed
`
`Figure 3: Beeble License Manager
`
`The Beeble License Manager manages all Beeblized applications installed on the
`PC, of all vendors using Beeble, simplifying the end-user's experience. The
`Beeble Licensing Manager will be installed during the installation of any
`Beeblized application on the targeted PC.
`
`The control panel applet (pictured above) is responsible for installation and
`removal ofBeeble licenses. This installation and removal requires
`
`© 200 I Copyright Beeble, Inc.
`
`-Confidential-
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`Page 6 of9
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`ANCORA_00000277
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`•
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`Case 1:20-cv-00034-ADA Document 50-2 Filed 04/10/20 Page 8 of 10
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`e
`beeble~
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`communications to Beeble' s license server. Beeble client communicates to the
`license server using HTTP protocol over the Internet, secured with SSL. This
`standard communication method allows Beeble interoperability with different
`kinds of Firewalls. Beeble uses Window's standard components (Winlnet) to
`handle HTTP communications to the license server; hence no changes to the OS
`configuration are required. The Beeble Protocol (BP) defines the language used
`to communicate messages between the user and Client-License server.
`
`Kernel mode Driver
`
`Beeble's core technology is implemented in a Kernel mode driver. A driver-level
`implementation allows Beeble direct access to BIOS EEPROM needed to store
`licenses and maximum control on Beeblized applications.
`
`The driver is responsible for maintaining Beeble licenses in the EEPROM. This is
`achieved by a "Beeble File System" component. This component is responsible
`for locating space to store Beeble licenses in the BIOS EEPROM and executing
`the proper instruction set for writing data to the Flash chip.
`
`Accomplishing this challenging task is two-fold:
`
`I. Data Location
`
`The BIOS is a central part of the PC. In order to ensure integrity of the Beeble
`licenses, Beeble File System component must ensure no other process
`overwrites Beeble's data. Also, each BIOS' memory map is different in its
`structure hence it is impossible to assume that specific available memory
`locations in one PC's BIOS will be available in another's.
`
`The solution to this problem is to utilize a BIOS feature called D:rvtl 1 (stands
`for Desktop Management Interface), also known as SMBIOS. DMI is an
`industry standard for management of PC hardware configuration and has been
`adopted and deployed in PCs for over 10 years. The D:rvtl stores system
`configuration data in the BIOS EEPROM in a form of linked data structures.
`DMI specifications allow the addition of custom structures. Beeble stores data
`in the BIOS by creating a new custom DMI structure and writing it to the end
`
`1 SMBIOS Reference Specificatiori, Version 2.2, 16 March 1998, page 25 (http://www.dmtf.org)
`
`-
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`© 200 I Copyright Beeble, Inc.
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`-Confidential-
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`Page 7 of9
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`ANCORA_00000278
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`r-
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`••
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`Case 1:20-cv-00034-ADA Document 50-2 Filed 04/10/20 Page 9 of 10
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`e
`beeble~
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`of the existing DMI structure table. Beeb le ensures compatibility with BIOS
`memory map and achieves integrity for its data for the data is written in an
`area pre-allocated by the BIOS manufacturer for DMI data and by disguising
`Beeble data as legitimate DMI data.
`
`2. EEPROM Writing
`
`Beeble will attempt to write license data by utilizing the DMI Function 52h2,
`which is designed to write DMI structures to EEPROM. IfBIOS
`manufactures do not support DMI function 52h, then Beeble will write to a
`EEPROM generically. Beeble's File System incorporates a driver that
`contains a library of different EEPROM chips and proper instructions set to
`write to different chip manufacturers. If the Beeble driver does not recognize
`the EEPROM, the Beeble driver will attempt to download a new driver from
`the Beeble License server.
`
`The driver also encapsulated BXL elements implementation: during run-time, the
`driver will execute BXL tokens according to their definition in the BXL license
`for that specific application.
`
`The driver is also responsible to compute BXL code segment entry point from the
`license and place the proper APC call to the entry point.
`
`The driver's memory footprint is estimated at about 50KB. The drive's impact on
`the CPU cycles is minimal and negligible.
`
`2 SMBIOS Reference Specifications, Version 2.2, 16 March 1998, page 11
`(htttp://www.dJntf.org)
`
`© 2001 Copyright Beeble, lnc.
`
`-Confidential-
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`Page 8 of9
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`ANCORA_00000279
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`

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`Case 1:20-cv-00034-ADA Document 50-2 Filed 04/10/20 Page 10 of 10
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`••
`
`-beeble~
`
`Summary
`
`Beeble is a next generation software licensing technology that delivers a
`technological breakthrough over other software licensing technologies. Beeble
`focuses on addressing the needs and requirements of large software companies
`with a large customer base and a variety of distribution channels.
`
`Beeble's highlight features include:
`
`• Simplicity, End-user friendly -
`Designed with large software companies' needs in mind,
`Beeble supports all real life scenarios that end-users
`encounter (license transferring, PC upgrades, software
`returns, etc.) while maximizing protection of intellectual
`property. Beeble is an easy to use system designed to
`reduce support calls and maximize market potential for
`software companies.
`• Security, Fraud detection capabilities -
`Beeble's security features are comprised of several lines of
`defense to protect intellectual property and deter hackers
`from attacking the system. Beeble is the first software
`licensing system which provides detection capabilities of
`system integrity infringement.
`
`• Flexibility -
`
`Compatible with any sales model (Rent, Volume Licensing,
`OEM bundling, Retail, etc.) and any distribution media
`(CDROM, Floppy, DVD, ESD, etc.)
`• Stability, Reliable -
`The system is designed for a high tolerance level of PC
`environment changes including hard drive failure, hardware
`configuration changes, virus attacks etc.
`
`• Low-cost -
`
`Beeble is a software product with no production costs
`associated with it.
`• Compatibility -
`Beeble is compatible with all Intel x86 based PCs
`manufactured since the early 90's.
`
`© 2001 Copyright Beeble, lnc.
`
`-Confidential-
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`Page 9 of9
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`ANCORA_00000280
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