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`248
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`IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
`FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF TEXAS
`TYLER DIVISION
`
`VIRNETX INC., ET AL,
`
`PLAINTIFFS,
`
`VS.
`
`APPLE INC.,
`
`DEFENDANTS.
`
`
`
`CIVIL ACTION NO.
`6:12-CV-855-RWS
`
`
`)(
`)(
`)(
`)(
`)(
`TYLER, TEXAS
`)(
`)( OCTOBER 27, 2020
`)(
`9:15 A.M.
`)(
`
`TRANSCRIPT OF JURY TRIAL
`MORNING SESSION
`BEFORE THE HONORABLE JUDGE ROBERT W. SCHROEDER, III
`UNITED STATES CHIEF DISTRICT JUDGE
`
`APPEARANCES:
`
`FOR THE PLAINTIFF:
`BRADLEY W. CALDWELL
`JASON D. CASSADY
`JOHN AUSTIN CURRY
`CALDWELL CASSADY & CURRY
`2121 N. Pearl St., Suite 1200
`Dallas, Texas 75201
`T. JOHN WARD, JR.
`WARD, SMITH & HILL PLLC
`1507 Bill Owens Parkway
`Longview, Texas 75604
`R. CHRISTOPHER BUNT
`PARKER BUNT & AINSWORTH
`100 East Ferguson, Suite 418
`Tyler, Texas 75702
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`FOR THE PLAINTIFFS:
`
`ANDY TINDEL
`MT2 LAW GROUP
`MANN TINDEL THOMPSON
`112 E. Line Street
`Suite 304
`Tyler, Texas 75702
`
`FOR THE DEFENDANT:
`GREGORY S. AROVAS
`ROBERT A. APPLEBY
`JEANNE M. HEFFERNAN
`JOSEPH A. LOY
`LESLIE M. SCHMIDT
`AARON D. RESETARITS
`KIRKLAND & ELLIS LLP
`601 Lexington Avenue
`New York, New York 10022
`AKSHAY S. DEORAS
`KIRKLAND & ELLIS LLP
`555 California Street
`San Francisco, California 94104
`MICHAEL E. JONES
`POTTER MINTON
`110 North College Avenue, Suite 500
`Tyler, Texas 75702
`
`COURT REPORTER:
`
`Ms. Shelly Holmes, CSR, TCRR
`Official Court Reporter
`United States District Court
`Eastern District of Texas
`Marshall Division
`100 E. Houston
`Marshall, Texas 75670
` (903) 923-7464
`
`(Proceedings recorded by mechanical stenography, transcript
`produced on a CAT system.)
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`P R O C E E D I N G S
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`(Jury out.)
`COURT SECURITY OFFICER: All rise.
`THE COURT: Please be seated.
`Good morning, everyone.
`Okay. I understand there is a dispute over some
`opening slides and demonstratives for Dr. Jones and perhaps
`for openings, as well.
`Who from Apple wishes to be heard?
`MR. AROVAS: Your Honor, I would like to address
`
`it.
`
`THE COURT: That would be fine.
`Mr. Arovas, if you can turn that podium around
`you're welcome to do so.
`MR. AROVAS: Maybe I can do it this way. Maybe
`there's a corner or something that I can pull out.
`THE COURT: All right. That's fair enough.
`MR. AROVAS: So hopefully my papers don't end up
`all over the floor.
`All right. So, Your Honor, let me -- I'll try to
`very quickly address what I think are the core issues and
`what we thought were the reasonable solutions, given the
`various MILs and the constraints we've all been trying to
`work under.
`So last night, obviously, Your Honor I think got a
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`preview of some of the issues we were all concerned about.
`When we saw the slides last night for the opening and for
`Dr. Jones, and they are very similar, it really kind of
`confirmed our concerns about how VirnetX was going to put
`on some of this evidence. In fact, some of those slides
`come from the intent sections of Dr. Jones from the prior
`trial. So they're specifically put forward to prove the
`issue of intent.
`And what we're concerned about is this should --
`this is a damages trial, and the evidence that should come
`in should be directed to the issues on damages. It
`shouldn't be turned into a trial on willfulness or intent
`or prior conduct or prior verdicts that are going to incent
`this jury to punish, to -- or to encourage them to enhance
`damages.
`This is a case about compensatory damages, and it
`should be focused on that.
`And so we had a couple of MILs that went to what
`we believe were these core issues, MILs that went to
`intent, the length and duration of the litigation, to
`payment or nonpayment, to prior verdicts. They kind of
`attacked these issues from sort of all different angles.
`I think, Your Honor, in that email that we sent
`last night, the timeline from the opening I think captures
`a lot of what we believe are the problems with what is --
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`VirnetX is trying to present. And I don't know if Your
`Honor has it. I can try --
`THE COURT: I do. I have -- I have the only slide
`that was provided to me by Apple. I've got a couple of
`other slides that I think were provided by the -- by the
`plaintiff. I'm looking at a slide --
`MR. AROVAS: Okay.
`THE COURT: -- that is Plaintiffs' 1.36.
`MR. AROVAS: Yes, that's it. And I'll use that as
`an example. This is a build, and so the different pieces
`come up, but this is where all the pieces come together, so
`we thought it'd be the most efficient way to put
`everything -- everything on one page.
`And so this shows a lot of the very things that
`we -- we believe the MILs excluded. The duration of the
`infringement. The timeline goes through -- all the way
`back to 2009 giving all the years of infringement including
`for prior features. That would just incent them to -- the
`jury to conclude that we're a bad actor, a serial
`infringer.
`THE COURT: I mean, that -- that is a fact, is it
`not? I mean, the date -- the dates without the hyperbole
`or the rhetoric or insinuation -- I mean, those -- those
`are facts, are they not, Mr. Arovas? Why would they not be
`relevant?
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`MR. AROVAS: Well, the fact the duration of the
`infringement for products that are not in this case we
`don't think would be relevant to the damages in this case.
`And if I could just go -- maybe jump to what I believe is
`potentially -- or what we believe was the solution.
`And when we've talked about this in the past,
`we've tried to find out what shortcuts to give the jury the
`information the jury needs to make decisions it needs to
`make without pulling in all this prejudicial information.
`And so the issue as -- as we saw it was
`fundamentally a question of value, value of the feature.
`And as Your Honor mentioned yesterday, there was customer
`backlash. What we proposed as a solution is they use the
`emails on the customer backlash but we redact the dates, we
`redact the feature, so the jury doesn't need to know that
`the feature had different names over time, doesn't need to
`know how long it was used in a prior iteration, but the
`jury would see the emails and the complaints and the
`customer backlash that said when Apple proposed taking out
`patented technology, the customers complained, and we
`didn't do it.
`And that, we believe, would get all the evidence
`in that is relevant to the issue of damages.
`How long that feature was in place is irrelevant
`and encourages the jury to speculate on all sorts of
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`things, right. I mean, if the jury's hearing that, okay,
`there was an agreed infringement for iOS 3 through 6, what
`happened? Did Apple pay money? Did they not pay money?
`Did they have a verdict?
`None of that is relevant to the issue at hand
`here, which is what is the value of the feature in the new
`version, iOS 7 forward? And so as I understand it, what
`they want to say is we couldn't take it out, we didn't take
`it out, we didn't take it out for good reason because
`customers were complaining. All that can come in without
`the timelines and with modest redactions of some of these
`documents.
`The issue of FaceTime, which is in here, as well,
`FaceTime is not even a feature in this case. Now, the '504
`and the '211 patents were licensed to others and are part
`of the bucket of patents that they paid for, but the fact
`that FaceTime -- a prior version of FaceTime was infringing
`is not an issue in this case either. Again, just in --
`introduced with the intention to show that Apple was a
`serial infringer.
`And so all of this evidence, we believe, the exact
`timing, the timeline, how long it was in there, is just
`going to encourage the jury to speculate about all sorts of
`the legal procedures that we've been trying to -- to work
`around with the compromises that we've reached and that all
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`of that evidence about value can come in in other ways
`without the timelines.
`THE COURT: So Mr. Arovas, have you independently
`proposed this to the plaintiff?
`MR. AROVAS: Yes, we have.
`THE COURT: All right. And when was that?
`MR. AROVAS: Last night.
`THE COURT: All right. And you couldn't reach
`agreement, I assume?
`MR. AROVAS: The -- the issue, I think, that was
`really the sticker was the timelines.
`THE COURT: So my question about Plaintiffs' Slide
`1.36 is where on this slide does it indicate that somehow
`VirnetX is relying on what Apple's intent was?
`MR. AROVAS: Well, it does -- what this slide
`does, this slide specifically doesn't address the issue of
`intent, okay? There are other slides that I think go to
`the issues of intent.
`THE COURT: Well, I don't have those other slides.
`MR. AROVAS: Yeah, okay. So just to take this
`slide, what does this slide do? This slide suggests that
`there was a period of infringement that extended since
`2009, okay. That goes to the length and duration of the
`litigation and the length and duration of the infringement
`for a feature which is not in this case.
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`THE COURT: Well, but hold on just a moment.
`I mean, this is -- seemingly, this -- this is a
`timeline of the underlying factual circumstances, right?
`It doesn't say anything about litigation. Doesn't --
`doesn't discuss anywhere the litigation between the
`parties, does it?
`MR. AROVAS: Well, what it does say is that there
`is infringement for a period of time. It says there's
`infringement for VPN on Demand and Face -- and FaceTime,
`and the jury in the context of this case is going to
`speculate that there has been a -- is a reason why there
`was infringement in two periods of time.
`I don't see how the jury can come to any other
`conclusion but to think that there is a period of time
`either where VirnetX was being paid for these patents, and
`they're going to start speculating about why and how they
`were being paid, or they'll speculate that VirnetX was
`never paid for those patents, or they're going to speculate
`that there was legal proceedings between the parties.
`So I think that the question -- at least the
`question, as we saw it, is really if the question that
`we're trying to answer here is what are the damages for the
`feature that starts in 2013, why is it necessary to go into
`all of this history that's going to encourage the jury to
`speculate about all of the legal issues that the parties
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`have had for all of those years, because they can put in
`the evidence.
`So what does this -- the fact that there was a
`prior version of the -- of the feature that we all have
`determined, because we had a second trial, was different
`enough that we needed to have a new infringement trial, and
`to use that to try to prove the damages for the feature in
`this trial is simply not relevant to the question that
`we're litigating.
`What is relevant is the issue of importance of the
`new feature.
`Now, as I understand it is they're saying that the
`fact that there was an old feature and that there was
`customer complaints about removing that old feature is
`evidence of importance of the patented technology to
`customers and to the marketplace, which is a damages issue.
`That can come in without the timeline.
`And so this timeline just encourages the jury to
`speculate about all sorts of maneuvering, legal
`maneuvering, legal procedures, damages, verdicts, whatever
`they can -- they're going to realize that this all happened
`somehow, when the core evidence, right, the timing is not
`relevant, right.
`What is relevant for iOS 7 forward is the customer
`complaints, and we can address that in a different way
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`without the timeline.
`THE COURT: Okay. Let me hear from -- did you
`have anything else, Mr. Arovas?
`MR. AROVAS: That's it, Your Honor.
`THE COURT: Okay. Let me hear from VirnetX.
`MR. CALDWELL: Thank you, Your Honor.
`I think quite frankly the simplest answer is these
`are just the facts.
`So many things to respond to in that point -- or
`in Mr. Arovas's argument. But I think one of the things
`that I want to convey to you is we actually prepared this
`slide to track what you told us in the limine ruling that
`we were permitted to say.
`And I -- I think actually it's interesting, and
`the thing we submitted this morning, you can see a previous
`version and a new version, and I -- even yesterday, part of
`the reason I wanted to make sure we had extra time to
`exchange is I can go back and we put like the older part,
`made sure it said agreed, made sure it's like kind of more
`in gray, it's not meant to insight anything. It says it's
`agreed. They're just the facts. We literally tracked what
`your order told us that we could do.
`And this whole discussion about FaceTime, we had
`an entire limine argument all about this, and what's going
`to happen -- what -- the context in which this came up was
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`we argued to Your Honor that the judgment should come in as
`evidence of $1.20 and it was whether that's a compulsory
`license and what not. And Your Honor said not, said that
`couldn't come in.
`But the problem is they want to bring their expert
`to suggest that there's significance to the fact that the
`'504 and '211 are not infringed via FaceTime.
`And our point was wait a minute, we have the best
`argument ever as to why he's wrong. We had damages on VPN
`on Demand only units. We had a judgment -- or we had a
`verdict, a judgment, and an affirmance on appeal for that.
`But we can't use that evidence.
`And so I specifically raised this to Your Honor
`when we had the pre-trial. It's like this is fundamentally
`unfair if he comes in and they try to promote the notion
`that FaceTime was determined not to infringe or the '504
`and '211, as he's now characterizing it, were determined
`not to be infringing. If he's allowed to promote that and
`we can't actually describe the context that we have always
`maintained, even if it's VPN on Demand only, that it's the
`same rate.
`Moreover, as we even discussed in great detail and
`we have attached to our limine grouping that Mr. Bakewell
`we believe has been inconsistent with that in the past, the
`price would be the same even if it's VPN on Demand only.
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`I debated this with Ms. Heffernan in front of you
`at the pre-trial, and you specifically said, okay, we're
`not going to have the verdict come in because she wasn't
`even asking that anything other than the verdict be kept
`out. The motion in limine was only about the verdict.
`I specifically said we need to delve into the fact
`that it has always been our position, and, in fact, it was
`his position previously that VPN on Demand-only
`infringement would have the same rate.
`And so these are merely the facts. It is setting
`forth the facts in which they occurred, and it is providing
`a construct under which we have some chance of rebutting
`what is going to be Apple's big theme about the '504 and
`'211 being determined not to infringe.
`I don't know if you saw it, I think it's in our --
`in our submission from last night. Just one of their
`slides -- and we're not big on raising a whole ton of
`objections, but one of their slides is it's a big thing for
`opening '504, '211, not infringed. And that's what we're
`going to hear here in opening. It has absolutely no
`context without that prior timeline.
`THE COURT: Let me ask you about the slide that
`I've been provided.
`MR. CALDWELL: Sure.
`THE COURT: On the left side, from 2009 to 2013,
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`the -- the -- the heading on that section is Agreed
`Infringement of iOS 3 through 6.
`MR. CALDWELL: Yes, sir.
`THE COURT: And then post-hypothetical negotiation
`date of 2013, the right side of the slide at the top says:
`Infringement, previously determined.
`MR. CALDWELL: Yes, sir.
`THE COURT: Why the difference?
`MR. CALDWELL: I -- I think it's just different
`times that we wrote it, to be honest with you, because when
`I went back last night, I said, okay, let's make sure that
`says agreed infringement. And I was trying to get a lot of
`things done before we served it -- if -- if the formatting
`with the parenthetical or, you know, not with a
`parenthetical --
`THE COURT: Well, it's confusing to me, so --
`MR. CALDWELL: Okay. Well, I'm happy to fix that.
`That's like a 30-second fix, I think. It's not -- there's
`no -- there's -- there's no significance that's meant
`there.
`
`THE COURT: I was trying to understand the
`significance.
`MR. CALDWELL: Yes, sir. And as -- as Mr. Arovas
`said, it's kind of a slide that -- that builds. And, you
`know, I mean, nobody, I think, wanted to submit necessarily
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`30 of them in a brief to you.
`But the point of this also is to this very issue
`that you and I discussed with Ms. Heffernan yesterday at
`the end of court, where what we actually talk about is --
`and in -- I'm sorry, let me -- let me back up to frame what
`I'm about to say.
`Mr. Arovas just said: I tell you what, let's get
`rid of all timelines because that invites the jury to
`speculate.
`What the context is, and the point I made to you
`yesterday, when Apple announced that it was going to try to
`remove the feature and then there was this customer
`backlash, the timing is critical. We can't merely hold up
`an email and say, hey, guess what, there was backlash
`whenever it was that this happened.
`That backlash was literally in the couple-month
`period of VPN-on-Demand-only infringement when Apple walked
`into the hypothetical negotiation that's applicable in this
`case. It was right there in that 2013 where they had taken
`FaceTime and gone to relay, so FaceTime was not infringing.
`That was relay we had always said would never infringe.
`And they announced this VPN on Demand change.
`So the timing there is critical. And we've cited
`cases to you, and I don't think it's really in dispute.
`But you -- you look at the timing of a hypothetical
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`negotiation and what would have been in the parties' mind
`at the time. This was literally at the time.
`As for the earlier stuff, I mean, one -- one thing
`I've contemplated -- I don't honestly know how this helps,
`but one thing I've contemplated is if we needed to sort of
`scale up the timeline to where you didn't see that it began
`right in 2009. If we wanted to do that, that's fine. But
`quite frankly, I was afraid if I did that, Apple would then
`complain that it's -- that not seeing the far left end of
`the timeline would suggest it had gone back forever into
`perpetuity.
`THE COURT: Mr. Arovas, would you prefer he remove
`2007 and 2008 and the indicators -- or the -- the notations
`above that? I mean, would that help alleviate some of the
`concern?
`MR. AROVAS: I don't believe it solves the
`problem, Your Honor.
`THE COURT: I'm not saying it solves the problem.
`Does it -- does it help?
`MR. AROVAS: May I just clarify exactly what
`you're proposing to remove?
`THE COURT: Yes.
`MR. AROVAS: May I?
`THE COURT: Of course.
`MR. CALDWELL: Just if the timeline began, like
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`late 2009 or something? In other words, you couldn't see
`the -- you couldn't see the left edge. And I didn't do
`that because I thought you would complain about -- then
`there would be a suggestion that maybe it infringed for
`many, many years in the past. I was trying to be
`completely fair to the facts.
`MR. AROVAS: I -- I don't -- I don't think that.
`That doesn't resolve the problem, I don't think.
`THE COURT: I understand that.
`MR. AROVAS: I would -- yeah, and I can respond to
`some of these issues.
`THE COURT: Mr. Caldwell?
`MR. CALDWELL: So I think another thing that Your
`Honor said actually hits the nail on the head. These are
`the facts, and they're not surrounded by some sort of
`hyperbole. What I tried to do is actually sanitize the
`facts to the things that literally matter.
`When they first put out the iPhone, there's -- one
`of the documents that we've used I think in every single
`trial is that they did face resistance in the enterprise.
`I mean, it seems like an eternity ago, but BlackBerry was
`dominant at the time. And people didn't want the iPhone to
`be connected to corporate networks, and that leads to these
`big corporate customers who buy them by the thousands. It
`faced resistance in the enterprise, which is what the
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`documents say.
`And in -- you know, preference was given towards
`BlackBerry and other devices like that because Apple lacks
`the security features that were necessary, including VPN on
`Demand.
`
`At the time they were going to release the
`infringing version of VPN on Demand, they also had a
`version of it for the Mac that did not work correctly and
`IT directors did not like it. There were complaints about
`it.
`
`So they went to the mode that happened to
`infringe. And nobody's going to talk about any verdict or
`anything like that. It's just that they knew from the
`beginning that they had to have a version that would
`initiate a VPN based on a domain name. They had to. And
`they did.
`So later when they talked about, well, we'll just
`take Always Mode out, what they were suggesting even later
`was we'll just go back to the thing we already rejected
`previously. And it's no surprise that that's when there's
`customer backlash, and that framed this hypothetical
`negotiation.
`So I think as to the slides, everything about it
`is -- is perfectly factual. It is not argued in a
`hyperbolic way. It provides absolutely necessary context.
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`And if that weren't enough, it is absolutely necessary in
`view of the fact that Apple wants to argue through
`Mr. Bakewell or cross-examination, hey, guess what, there's
`a '504 and '211 that was not infringed.
`And here's the thing that drives me nuts is Apple
`keeps saying, we don't want to leave the suggestion that
`there was a verdict or prior trial. Well, think about
`this. This jury walks in here to award damages, and we're
`worried about them thinking there might have been a prior
`trial. Who was it that made this big red determination
`that '504 and '211 don't infringe?
`If there's anything in any slide that sort of
`invites the jury to guess that there was some sort of a
`trial and somebody won or lost something, it's Apple with
`this whole theme about the '504 and '211.
`My final point, I think, although I'm sure there's
`several more -- to be honest with you, not to throw stones,
`but these suggestions were not made to us last night. This
`is the first time we've heard of them. Mr. Arovas wasn't
`on the call. He was probably practicing his opening, just
`as I was. And I asked Mr. Pearson, I said: If -- if Greg
`gets on there and wants to talk directly with me, let me
`know. But we had never heard these suggestions before.
`I will say if people are trying to adapt the
`slides, looking at their slide, which we've copied in here
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`in our brief, it says: '504 and '211 Not Infringed. I
`note that that slide doesn't mention that FaceTime wasn't
`infringing. It just says the '504 and '211 weren't
`infringing.
`If it would somehow address a concern that Apple
`has to never talk about FaceTime and instead just put on,
`for example, our slides that there was a limited window of
`time when they also infringed the '504 and '211, without
`talking about some other product, if that would alleviate
`Apple's concerns, they just want to say, oh, there was a
`'504/'211 period, but now that's no longer being -- those
`are no longer being infringed, I'd be fine with that, too.
`I'm just trying to respond to exactly what Apple
`told us in the limine briefing and argument they were going
`to say and what Mr. Bakewell puts in his report about
`FaceTime and what Your Honor said we could say in order to
`respond.
`Thank you.
`Do you have any questions?
`THE COURT: I don't. Thanks.
`MR. AROVAS: Your Honor, may I make a couple brief
`comments?
`THE COURT: Yes.
`MR. AROVAS: So, Your Honor, if I could take this
`into three basic pieces. One is the comments on the '504
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`and '211 with FaceTime. And I'm happy to put different
`words than "not infringed." We had an agreement that we
`could say that those two patents were adjudicated or -- or
`determined, I think it was, to not be used.
`But what was just said was particularly misleading
`because -- if we could put up the previous slide that leads
`into that in the opening?
`Oh, you don't have control?
`Maybe, Your Honor, I could just --
`THE COURT: We've got it.
`MR. AROVAS: Oh, there we go.
`Okay. The point with the '504 and '211 has
`absolutely nothing to do with whether a previous version
`was infringing or not infringing or the current version.
`The issue with the '504 and '211, okay, is that the five
`licenses that they use in the average -- and this is the
`previous slide that leads into that, includes three patents
`on the face of those licenses which were the three main
`patents that drove that deal.
`And two of them are not part of this reasonable
`royalty, right? The reasonable royalty is two patents, the
`'135 and the '151. It is not the '504 and the '211.
`And so the issue that's being made here is that if
`you're goin