`
`Supercell
`Exhibit 1006
`
`Page 1
`
`Supercell
`Exhibit 1006
`Page 1
`
`

`

`The present work is a reprint of the library bound edition of
`Correspondence Chess in America,first published in 2000
`by McFarland.
`
`LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGUING-IN-PUBLICATION DATA
`
`Avery, Bryce D., 1965-
`Correspondence chess in America/ by Bryce D. Avery.
`cm.
`p.
`Includes bibliographical references (p. ) and indexes.
`
`ISBN 978-0-7864-7396-0
`softcover: acid free paper) §
`
`I. Correspondence chess - United States - History.
`2. Correspondence Chess League of America - History.
`I. Title.
`3. Chess - Collections of games.
`794.1 '7 - dell
`99-48418
`GVI456.A84 2012
`
`BRITISH LIBRARY CATALOGUING DATA ARE AVAILABLE
`
`© 2000 Bryce D. Avery. All rights reserved
`
`No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form
`or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying
`or recording, or by any infonnation storage and retrieval system,
`without permission in writing.from the publisher.
`
`Cover images© 2012 iStockphoto/Thinkstock
`
`Manufactured in the United States of America
`
`McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers
`Box 611, Jefferson, North Carolina 28640
`www.mcfarlandpub.com
`
`Supercell
`Exhibit 1006
`Page 2
`
`

`

`Preface
`
`The story of correspondence chess in
`America is largely the story of the Corre(cid:173)
`spondence Chess League of America (CCI.A).
`Its origins in 1909 make it the oldest such
`organization in America and the second old(cid:173)
`est in the world. It predates the United
`States Chess Federation by thirty years, the
`International Correspondence Chess Feder(cid:173)
`ation by almost forty years, and the other
`major American postal clubs by more than
`half a century.
`The remarkable continuity of the CCI.A
`is partly due to its makeup of officers and,
`since 1938, a board of directors regularly
`elected by the membership. Unlike groups
`that depend entirely on one or two people
`and cease to function when they leave, the
`League has always had enough volunteers to
`keep going. One other key to its success is
`its status as a nonprofit organization; most
`such clubs in America are set up as money(cid:173)
`making enterprises and simply fail, whereas
`the CCI.A is unhampered by any such re(cid:173)
`quirement.
`The idea for this book came from the
`1965 Horowitz and Battell book The Best of
`Chess, which contains highlights from more
`than thirty years of the magazine Chess Re(cid:173)
`view: games, fiction, cartoons, and other
`chess-related items. I first determined to put
`together a similar book containing the best
`from the CCI.A magazine The Chess Corre(cid:173)
`spondent, using material that the League had
`
`published during my fourteen years of mem(cid:173)
`bership to that point.
`But I soon came to understand Robert
`Pirsig: "The further back you go, the further
`back you see you have to go . .. , until what
`looked like a small problem . . . turns into a
`major . .. enquiry." As I delved into the
`club's history, I found many gaps, anachro(cid:173)
`nisms and errors. The impetus to expand to
`a full-length history came when I read sev(cid:173)
`eral comments to the effect that no one can
`know anything about CCI.A history before
`1933 because the records do not exist. I have
`used contextual clues from various accounts
`and found that information is indeed avail(cid:173)
`able -
`to those who look hard enough.
`This book notes the many American
`luminaries who have been involved with
`correspondence chess,
`including Frank
`Marshall, Isaac Kashdan and Reuben Fine.
`It explains why Volume 72 of The Chess
`Correspondent appears in 1999 even though
`the Correspondence Chess League of Amer(cid:173)
`ica originally dates from 1909 and its mag(cid:173)
`azine dates from 1933. It even explains the
`foundation of the long-running CCI.A
`"North American" tournament and recon(cid:173)
`ciles the conflicting accounts of the found(cid:173)
`ing of the United States Postal Chess Fed(cid:173)
`eration. Appendix A contains a discussion
`of the world's first numerical system for rat(cid:173)
`ing chess players.
`In general, I have chosen a course of
`
`lX
`
`Supercell
`Exhibit 1006
`Page 3
`
`

`

`X
`
`Preface
`
`neutrality in discussing the ebbs and flows
`of the League, downplaying internal politics
`unless unavoidable . All uncredited game
`notes are mine; in cases where the starting
`year of a game could not be verified, I have
`given my best estimate.
`
`All errors in the book are (regrettably)
`mine, and I would appreciate hearing about
`them through the publisher.
`
`Bryce D. Avery
`California, Maryland, Fall 1999
`
`Supercell
`Exhibit 1006
`Page 4
`
`

`

`1
`In the Beginning
`(to 1909)
`
`The "modern" era of correspondence
`chess is generally traced to the London(cid:173)
`Edinburgh five-game match played between
`April 1824 and July 1828. This match was
`not the first of its kind, as many records in(cid:173)
`dicate that chess was being played one move
`at a time over a period of days long before
`1824. But the London-Edinburgh match
`stands out, especially the second game.
`
`Gamel
`Correspondence Match, 1824- 1828,
`Second Game, London-Edinburgh
`Scotch Game
`
`1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. d4
`
`Unlike some openings which are here
`today and only a footnote tomorrow, the
`Scotch's viability even in recent world-class
`chess was demonstrated by Kasparov in his
`1990 match against Karpov.
`
`3 . ... exd4 4. Bc4 Bc5 S. c3 Qe7
`6. 0-0 dxc3 7. Nxc3 d6 8. Nd5 Qd7
`9. b4 Nxb4 10. Nxb4 Bxb4 11. Ng5
`Nh6 12. B62 Kf8 13. Qb3 Qe7 14. Nxf7
`Nxf7 15. Qxb4 NeS 16. f4 Nxc4
`17. Qxc4 Qf7 18. Qc3 Be6 19. f5 Bc4
`20. Rf4 65 21. e5 dxe5 22. Qxe5 h6
`23. Rel Rh7 24. f6 g5 25. Rf5 a5
`
`After 25 . ... aS
`
`This position has become a famous ex(cid:173)
`ample of the conditional, or "if- then," move
`in correspondence chess. Thinking that
`mate is now forced, London now commit(cid:173)
`ted itself to the following sequence by writ(cid:173)
`ing it all on the same message.
`
`26. Qc5ch Kg8 27. Rxg5chm hxg5
`28. Qxg5ch
`
`Some hours after London decided on
`this sequence, a member of the club found
`that Edinburgh could safely take the rook.
`Club members then learned to their horror
`that their secretary had left the club two
`hours earlier than usual that day and had
`already mailed the faulty sequence!
`After trying to retrieve the message
`from the mail system, as impossible then
`as it is now, London sent another letter
`
`1
`
`Supercell
`Exhibit 1006
`Page 5
`
`

`

`2
`
`Correspondence Chess in America
`
`retracting the sacrifice. Edinburgh replied
`that all legal and mailed moves were bind(cid:173)
`ing and grabbed the rook.
`
`28 . ... Kf8 29. Bd4 Be6 30. Qc5ch Kg8
`31. Qg5ch Kf8 32. Bc5ch Ke8 33. QdS
`Ra6 34. Qb7 QhS! 35. f7ch Kxf7
`36. Rfich Kg6 37. Qe4ch BfS 38. Qe8ch
`Rf7 39. Qg8ch Kf6 40. g4 Ra8 41. Qxa8
`Qxg4ch 42. Khl Rd7 43. Ba3 Kf7
`44. Qc6 Rdl 45. QxbS Qe4ch 46. Kgl
`Kg6 47. Qb2 Qg4ch 48. Qg2 Qxg2ch
`49. Kxg2 Bh3ch 50. Kxh3 Rxfl
`51. Be7 a4 52. a3 RfS 0-1
`
`Edinburgh eventually won the match
`+2 -1 =2, gaining for themselves a silver cup
`and 25 guineas and instructing future play(cid:173)
`ers about the dangers of conditional moves.
`For more games between cities during the
`nineteenth century, the reader is directed to
`works by Professor Carlo Pagni.
`
`CORRESPONDENCE CHESS IN
`AMERICA
`
`The 1840s found correspondence games
`between New York City and Norfolk, Vir(cid:173)
`ginia, as well as an 1844 telegraph game be(cid:173)
`tween Baltimore and Washington, D.C. By
`1857, correspondence chess was even stirring
`over-the-board controversy, as Philadelphia
`unsuccessfully vied with New York City for
`the honor of hosting the First American
`Chess Congress and bolstered its case by de(cid:173)
`feating New York in a correspondence game,
`one of five they contested between 1856 and
`1864.
`The Congress Committee of Manage(cid:173)
`ment included Thomas Frere of the Brook(cid:173)
`lyn Chess Club, who wrote a chess handbook,
`a compilation of Hoyle, and a collection of
`games by Paul Morphy. Morphy, who won
`the Congress, served on the Congress Com(cid:173)
`mittee of Co-Operation and the Commit(cid:173)
`tee on the Chess Code, which took recently
`
`published Russian, English and German
`codes and tried to mold them into a code for
`America. Correspondence chess, however,
`remained a major area of the Committee's
`unresolved disagreement.
`After the American Civil War, several
`more American Chess Congresses were held
`at different times, and an ''.American Chess
`Association" was even formed in 1871. This
`group lasted but five years, as it was unable
`to agree with the Philadelphia Chess Club
`on organization of the Congress marking
`the centennial of the United States.
`
`THEOPHILUS THOMPSON
`
`Only the Dubuque Chess Journal, pub(cid:173)
`lished between 1870 and 1892 under various
`names, appears to have organized any do(cid:173)
`mestic correspondence tournaments during
`this time period; their events counted prob(cid:173)
`lemists William Shinkman and Theophilus
`Thompson among the players.
`Theophilus Thompson was the first
`African-American chessplayer of distinction.
`He learned chess in April 1872 at age 17
`from problemist J.K. Hanshew, who lent
`him a chess set and gave him several chess
`problems to solve. Within weeks, Thompson
`was not only solving problems, but com(cid:173)
`posing his own and contributing them to
`Dubuque Chess Journal.
`Thompson played in a postal tourna(cid:173)
`ment run by Hanshew in connection with
`Hanshew's Maryland Chess Review. Though
`Shinkman won the tournament with a final
`score ofl8-2, Thompson acquitted himself
`well. Today, the U.S. Chess Center in Wash(cid:173)
`ington, D.C., sponsors a Theophilus Thomp(cid:173)
`son Club where African-American young(cid:173)
`sters can learn the game.
`
`Game2
`Correspondence, circa 187 4
`Thompson-Bertolette
`Evans Gambit
`
`Supercell
`Exhibit 1006
`Page 6
`
`

`

`1. In the Beginning (to 1909)
`
`3
`
`1. e4 eS 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 BcS 4. b4
`Bxb4 S. c3 BaS 6. 0-0 Nf6 7. d4 0-0
`8. NxeS Nxe4 9. Nxf7 Rxf7 10. Bxf7ch
`Kxf7 11. dS NeS 12. Qd4 Bxc3 13. Nxc3
`Nxc3 14. Qxc3 d6 IS. Bb2 gS 16. f4
`gxf4 17. Rxf4ch Kg8 18. Qg3ch Ng6
`19. Rf6 BfS? 20. RxfS 1-0
`
`MORE PRE-POSTCARD PLAY
`
`In 1879, a cable match was organized
`between an American team and a British
`squad that featured George Gossip, who won
`the 1873-4 correspondence tournament of
`Chess-players Chronicle and wrote The Chess(cid:173)
`player's Manual and a collection of games .
`Yet Gossip was defeated in both games by
`the remarkable Mrs. Ellen Gilbert, who an(cid:173)
`nounced mate in 21 moves in one game and
`mate in 35 in the other!
`In the 1880s, correspondence chess be(cid:173)
`tween individual players became more com(cid:173)
`mon throughout Europe; the French chess
`magazine La Strategie organized a corre(cid:173)
`spondence tournament as early as 1882. Pop(cid:173)
`ularizing individual correspondence chess
`in America, however, required almost ten
`years more. Even though a way had already
`been created for the "common man'' to afford
`the game, not until a World Champion en(cid:173)
`dorsed the concept did correspondence
`chess between individuals become popular
`in the United States.
`
`LET THERE BE POSTCARDS
`
`The American economic basis for cor(cid:173)
`resp'ondence chess can be credited to New
`Jersey banker John Lee, who served in Con(cid:173)
`gress from 1867 to 1873 and in 1881-1882.
`In a later interview with a local newspaper,
`Lee took well-deserved credit for inventing
`America's "penny postcard," some thirty
`years after Gossip claims its origin in Eu(cid:173)
`rope. Lee claimed to be unaware of its exis-
`
`tence in Europe, saying that the idea came
`to him while he was thinking about some(cid:173)
`thing else:
`
`[In the 1870s, postage in America was
`three cents per letter.] "r think that the first
`suggestion of two-cent letter postage came
`while I was serving as postmaster in myna(cid:173)
`tive town of Boonton, New Jersey. One of
`my friends said to me one day, "Why can't
`we cut a three-cent stamp in two and then
`with each half[ofthe stamp], send an [un(cid:173)
`sealed] letter?"
`At the moment, I thought this remark
`no more than a joke, but it set me to think(cid:173)
`ing, and I speedily became persuaded that
`if the government should issue blank cards
`bearing a one-cent stamp, they would be
`purchased in enormous quantities, for they
`could be used either for advertising or for
`open letter-writing purposes ....
`At first, the idea did not take with mem(cid:173)
`bers of Congress, but at last, the Commit(cid:173)
`tee on Post-offices and Post-roads [of which
`Lee was the chairman] thought it was worth(cid:173)
`while to make the experiment ....
`
`The government-issued postcard did
`not increase in price for more than 75 years
`after its beginning on May 1, 1873; it was
`even less expensive than private-issue post(cid:173)
`cards, which required two cents postage,
`until 1898, when the nongovernment cards
`were reduced in price to one cent.
`
`THE WORLD CHAMPION IN
`AMERICA
`
`The narrative now turns to Wilhelm
`Steinitz, one of Europe's top players who
`left the Old World for an American visit
`and tour in 1882. He visited Philadelphia,
`Baltimore and New Orleans before spend(cid:173)
`ing time in Cuba and then in New York
`City, returning to Europe in March 1883.
`Though the time in America may have been
`good for Steinitz's constitution, however, it
`did little or nothing for his disposition. By
`
`Supercell
`Exhibit 1006
`Page 7
`
`

`

`26
`
`Correspondence Chess in America
`
`ident in January 1917, Chadwick took it upon
`himself to find a new President and finally
`settled on Z . Leslie Hoover. Hoover was
`born in Clearfield, Pennsylvania, in 1876
`and lived in Philadelphia until 1915, when
`he moved to New York City. He learned to
`play chess at age 25 and managed the auto(cid:173)
`mobile department of the German-Ameri(cid:173)
`can Insurance Company.
`Hoover played with the PCCA in its last
`days and joined the NYL in 1910. He played
`in five of the 14 NYL championships through
`1916, made the finals twice, and was a solid
`Class B player. When Chadwick spoke to
`him, he agreed to be nominated for Presi(cid:173)
`dent and was elected by the membership.
`Hoover's first order of business as President
`was to discuss with Hickok the various over(cid:173)
`tures the latter had made toward uniting the
`four major postal chess clubs of the time.
`After several sentences of appreciation to the
`membership, Hoover wrote in the January
`15, 1917, edition of "Chess Chat":
`
`.. . In speaking of the future activities of
`the League, I believe I am voicing the opin(cid:173)
`ion of many of our leading members in
`suggesting that we are now at the thresh(cid:173)
`old of a new and wider era in our history,
`and that we are in a position to make ours
`one of the most influential organizations of
`its kind in the country ....
`Until recently, our method of operation
`has been confined very largely to the semi(cid:173)
`annual tournaments with an occasional
`special match arranged with outside play(cid:173)
`ers or organizations, and the plan of con(cid:173)
`tinuing our tournaments has varied only
`slightly from year to year. But it is now rec(cid:173)
`ognized that our field of usefulness and
`consequent enjoyment of our members may
`be greatly enlarged and made to embrace
`many more diversified activities than here(cid:173)
`tofore ... .
`In addition ... it is also desired to pro(cid:173)
`mote chess relations with other correspon(cid:173)
`dence chess organizations, many of which
`exist throughout this country and Canada
`and operate in more-or-less extended ter-
`
`ritory. It is believed that an amalgamation
`with some of these may be formed to mutual
`advantage, and Secretary Hickok informs
`me that he has already had some corre(cid:173)
`spondence of this nature with other orga(cid:173)
`nizations .. .. "
`
`Through Hickok's overtures, the three
`other major correspondence chess clubs in
`North America soon merged with the NYL:
`the Chess-by-Mail Correspondence Bureau
`( CBM), the Chess Amateur Correspondence
`League (Canadian Branch) (CACL), and the
`National Correspondence Chess Association
`(NCCA).
`
`CHESS-BY-MAIL
`CORRESPONDENCE BUREAU
`
`The CBM was the brainchild of Walter
`H. Kimball, who was born in 1854 in New
`Hampshire but spent his formative years in
`Milwaukee . In 1887, after Kimball had es(cid:173)
`tablished himself in Green Bay, Wisconsin,
`as a court reporter and accountant, he was
`diagnosed with "nervous prostration" - not
`the temporary stress that causes many peo(cid:173)
`ple to occasionally "get away from it all," but
`a chronic condition that required him to
`quit his job. Kimball soon learned that to be
`a proper invalid, one must have something
`to pass the time.
`It is not known what activities filled up
`the next 12 to 14 years of his life, but even(cid:173)
`tually, Kimball hit upon correspondence
`chess . In his pamphlet Chess Playing by Mail
`and the Best Method of Doing So, Kimball
`says he first suggested a postal game to a
`friend, who declined by giving several stan(cid:173)
`dard excuses of people who have never tried
`postal chess: too much bother, no room in
`the house to keep chessboards permanently
`set up and undisturbed, and too many chil(cid:173)
`dren in the house. Next, Kimball tried an over(cid:173)
`the-board opponent, unsuccessfully. Later,
`Kimball answered a newspaper advertisement
`
`Supercell
`Exhibit 1006
`Page 8
`
`

`

`4. The Walt James Era (1933-1946)
`
`67
`
`only with a hook at the end of a long pole
`that he clamped under his arm.
`As James aged, his arms and hands be(cid:173)
`came stiffer, his body became more dis(cid:173)
`torted, and the piano playing of his youth
`became almost totally impossible. Those
`who met James face-to-face, as Dr. Kupka
`did after being pronounced cured of his
`tuberculosis, say that James had an "en(cid:173)
`chanting" personality. But under it, James's
`hardships had created in him a steely deter(cid:173)
`mination that Horowitz, for all that he had
`endured in building his publication, could
`not possibly fathom. Many club leaders
`would have cowered in the presence of Chess
`Review. James did not.
`
`A NEW CHESS FEDERATION
`
`During this period, America's over-the(cid:173)
`board chess was in administrative turmoil.
`In March 1933, the National Chess Feder(cid:173)
`ation sent the CCLA a letter inviting them to
`help at the chess exhibit at the Chicago
`"Century of Progress" Exhibition. After
`that, the NCF turned most of its attention to
`national/international chess.
`As a FIDE affiliate, the Federation helped
`to choose American teams for the FIDE
`Olympiad, although it obliged each player
`chosen to pay his own way. Its biggest claim
`to fame, however, was organizing the first
`United States Championship tournament in
`1936, the winner of which would receive the
`Champion's title held by Frank Marshall for
`the previous 27 years. As noted in Appen(cid:173)
`dix A, this event had a large impact on the
`development of the CCLA rating system.
`~ Four years after the Western Chess Fed(cid:173)
`eration became the American Chess Feder(cid:173)
`ation (ACF) in 1934, the CCLA officially affili(cid:173)
`ated with the ACF as well. James served as
`an ACF Director before the NCF and the
`ACF merged in December 1939 to form the
`United States Chess Federation (USCF). Since
`the CCLA was affiliated to both previous
`
`groups, it remained as the official USCF postal
`chess organization even during the 1942-
`1944 period when Chess Review was the
`official USCF magazine. W.M.P. Mitchell, a
`CCLA Board member at the time, served as
`the first USCF Vice-President.
`The new United States Chess Federa(cid:173)
`tion thus took over America's affiliation with
`FIDE. The srory is told in a USCF report of
`the 1939 FIDE Olympiad in Buenos Aires.
`Because of the outbreak of World War II,
`FIDE President Rueb and most other Euro(cid:173)
`pean officers were unable to attend the event.
`No one from America attended, either. But
`this did not prevent those people who did
`attend from deposing the entire FIDE staff
`and electing their own officers! The USCF
`had agreed to join FIDE but judiciously with(cid:173)
`held any dues payments until the situation
`was settled in favor of the European incum(cid:173)
`bents.
`As early as 1943, however, the USCF
`published a piece in The Chess Correspondent
`begging for funds. At the start of 1944, the
`new Federation boasted only 533 members,
`half the size of the CCLA. So James provided
`the USCF a mailing list so they could beg
`each CCLA member by personal letter to do(cid:173)
`nate to the Federation and save the group.
`
`WAR AND REMEMBRANCE
`
`During World War II, postal chess was
`greatly slowed or stopped altogether. Chess
`notation was often suspected of being a se(cid:173)
`cret code, and many postcards were either
`never delivered or were totally unreadable
`because of obliterating marks made by a
`zealous censor. After the Pearl Harbor attack
`in 1941, James recommended that sentences
`be used on postcards; for instance, rather
`than writing 17. BxN, players should write
`on their card "For my 17th move, my bishop
`captures your knight." At the end of 1942,
`all postal play between America and other
`nations was halted for the duration of the
`
`Supercell
`Exhibit 1006
`Page 9
`
`

`

`90
`
`Correspondence Chess in America
`
`5. a3 Bxc3ch 6. bxc3 Ne7 7. Qg4 cxd4
`8. Qxg7 Rg8 9. Qxh7 Qc7 10. Ne2 dxc3
`11. f4 Bd7 12. Qd3 Nf5 13. N xc3 Qc5
`14. Rbl b6 15. g3 Nc6 16. Nb5 Ncd4
`17. Nxd4 Nxd4 18. c3 Nf5 19. Bh3 Rc8
`20. Bxf5 exf5 21. Bb2 Bb5 22. Qd2
`
`22. Qxf5? Qe3ch.
`
`22 .... Qc4 23. Kf2 d4 24. Rbcl?!
`
`24. cxd4 Bc6 25. Rhcl Qd5 26. Rxc6
`looks good for White; perhaps this is where
`he missed his chance.
`
`24 .... d3! 25. Rhel Bc6 26. Re3 Rh8
`27.h4
`
`After 27. h4
`
`27 .... Rxh4!! 28. gxh4 Qxf 4ch 29. Kgl
`
`29. Kel Qxh4ch 30. Qf2 d2ch.
`
`29 .... Ke7 30. Qf2 Rg8ch 31. Kfl
`Bg2ch 32. Kel d2ch 33. Ke2 dxcl=Q
`34~ Bxcl Qc4ch 35. Kel f4 36. Qe2 Qc6
`37. Rd3 Be4 38. Bxf4 Rglch 39. Kd2
`Rg2 40. Bg5ch
`
`This ingenious scheme almost frees
`White; Black would lose after 40 . ... Kf8??
`41. Rd8ch Kg7 42. Bf6ch Kh7 43. Rh8ch
`Kg6 44. Rg8ch.
`
`40 .... f6! 41. Bxf6ch Kf7 0-1
`
`"consensus" correspondence game. Each of
`the five players on a team sent their three
`best candidate moves in the position to a
`referee, who scored the moves on a 3-2-1
`system and sent the highest-scoring move
`to each of the five players on the other team.
`White players included Leonids Drei(cid:173)
`bergs and Dr. Isaac Farber, while the Black
`team was led by Os.car Manney and C. Fred
`Tears.
`
`Game 80
`Consensus Game, 1955
`White-Black
`(Notes by Dr. Marchand)
`Nimzo-lndian Defense
`
`1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Bb4 4. e3 d5
`5. a3 Bxc3ch 6. bxc3 c5 7. cxd5 exd5
`8. Bd3 0-0 9. Ne2 b6 10. 0-0 Ba6
`11. Bxa6 Nxa6 12. Ng3/
`
`Modern Chess Openings 8 gives 12. Bb2
`Qd7 13. a4 Rfe8 14. Qd3 c4 15. Qc2 Nb8
`16. Rael Nc6 17. Ng3 Ne4 with equality.
`The text looks like a clear improvement.
`
`12 .... Qd7 13. f3 Rfe8 14. Qd3 Nc7
`
`14 . ... c4 does not have as much of a
`point here, since White has not played Bb2.
`
`15. e4 dxe4 16. fxe4 cxd4 17. cxd4 Ne6
`
`A variety of moves were sent here, and
`since several moves tied, the referee called a
`second vote. But no move appears to be re(cid:173)
`ally satisfactory for Black.
`
`18. Nf5 Nf8
`
`18 . .. . Nc5? 19. Qg3 Nh5 20. Qg5.
`But in this position, almost all combina(cid:173)
`tions are bound to work .
`
`In the fall of 19 5 5, ten of the League's
`strongest players broke into two teams for a
`
`19. Nh6ch Kh8 20. e5! gxh6
`
`Supercell
`Exhibit 1006
`Page 10
`
`

`

`11. Dr. Hans Berliner
`
`227
`
`11. cxd4 Bd6 12. Bxb5ch Kd8 13. 0- 0
`exf3 14. Rxf3
`
`30. Reich Kd6 31. Rfl Rc8 32. Rxf7
`Rc7 33. Rf2Ke5 34. a4?
`
`Estrin could not get Berliner to tell
`where he got this line, as Berliner was wor(cid:173)
`ried about collusion among Soviet players
`and did not want to admit that he had pre(cid:173)
`pared it himself for this game. After the
`game, Estrin claimed that 14. Qb3 would
`have been better, but Berliner says Black
`wins after 14. Qb3 Nb4! According to him:
`
`Someone seeing this for the first time
`wants to play 14 . ... Nf4 because it brings
`the knight into the vicinity of [White's]
`king. So Nielsen did that [against Estrin in
`World Championship Final VII] and lost
`very quickly.
`Other people have made gratuitous com(cid:173)
`ments of what might be a better move, but
`believe me ... I spent over 500 hours ana(cid:173)
`lyzing these lines, so do not give me your
`ten-minute analysis because it is going to
`be wrong, no matter how good a player you
`are.
`
`Another theoretical hornet's nest can
`be entered with White's 15th move, but after
`Black's 15th, Berliner says the moves through
`Black's 29th are all forced.
`
`14 .... Rb8 IS. Be2 Bxf3 16. Bxf3
`Qxd4ch 17. Khl Bxg3 18. hxg3 Rb6
`19. d3 Ne3 20. Bxe3 Qxe3 21. Bg4 hS
`22. Bh3 gS 23. Nd2 g4 24. Nc4 Qxg3
`25. Nxb6 gxh3 26. Qf3 hxg2ch
`27. Qxg2 Qxg2ch 28. Kxg2 cxb6!
`29. Rf1Ke7
`
`After 29 ....
`Ke7
`
`Berliner gives a win even after the best
`defense 34. Kg3! Kd4! 35. Kh4 Kxd3
`36. Kxh5 Rc2 37. Rf7 Rc5ch! 38. Kg4 Ra5
`39. Rf3ch Kd2! 40. a3 Kc2 41. Rf2ch Kb3
`42. Kf4 Rb5! 43. Ke4 Ka2! 44. Rf7! a6!
`45. Ra7 Ra5! 46. Rb7 65.
`
`34 .... Kd4 35. aS Kxd3 36. Rf3ch Kc2
`37. b4 bS 38. a6 Rc4 39. Rf? Rxb4
`40. Rb7 Rg4ch 41. Kf3 b4 42. Rxa7 b3
`0-1
`
`After Berliner gained the championship,
`he seemed to drop out of the chess scene for
`many years . In 1984, CCLA Editor Jonathan
`Souba contacted him on the occasion of the
`club's 75th anniversary and asked him to
`write about his life since 1968. Much of
`Berliner's response, published in The Chess
`Correspondent, follows :
`" .. . The question almost immediately
`presented itself: 'Would I defend my tide in
`Final VI?' I thought about this long and
`hard but came to a very clear conclusion. I
`had spent about 2,000 hours on the 16 Final
`games, about four hours per move per game.
`Clearly, this time investment was very much
`worth it because of the outcome. Now the
`decision was whether to invest another
`man-year of time . My 'No' came surpris(cid:173)
`ingly easily.
`"It is not easy to play chess at this level,
`maintaining a constant vigil over 16 games
`and calculating well ahead of the current sit(cid:173)
`uation so as not to be surprised. Also, I was
`relatively unknown in Final V; now I would
`be a marked man. Less than half the play(cid:173)
`ers in such an event have any real hope of
`winning the tournament anyway; the rest
`are there to achieve a respectable showing
`and get as many points from the favorites as
`possible. This clearly got in Zagorovsky's
`way in Final V when he tried to repeat his
`win in Final IV.
`
`Supercell
`Exhibit 1006
`Page 11
`
`