175 YEARS OF DICTIONARY PUBLISHING
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`:Dicti,onary
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`Collins
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`Milwaukee Electric Tool Corporation – Exhibit 2012 - Page 1
`Apex Tool Group, LLC v. Milwaukee Electric Tool Corporation
`PGR2020-00056 U.S. Patent No. 10,422,617
`
`

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`ffarpercollins Publishers
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`C64 2Q.T
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`Tenth edition 2009
`REISSUED WITH REVISED SUPPLEMENT 2010
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`Reprint 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 o
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`e> William Collins Sons&. Co. Ltd 1979, 1986
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`UK Q.UARTERBOUND EDITION
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`NEW ZEALAND STANDARD EDITION
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`Milwaukee Electric Tool Corporation – Exhibit 2012 - Page 2
`Apex Tool Group, LLC v. Milwaukee Electric Tool Corporation
`PGR2020-00056 U.S. Patent No. 10,422,617
`
`

`

`defllad• - d• Gaulla 1 •442
`
`. t:,
`
`r·
`
`defllad• (,d£f11e1d) military 1> n 1 protection provided
`by obstacles against enemy crossfire from the rear,
`or Observation 2 the disposition of defensive ,
`fortifications to produce this protection 1> vb (tr)
`3 to provide protection for by defilade
`•ETYMOLOGY Cl9: see DE-, ENFILADE
`•
`defile• (dt'fall) vb (tr) .1 to make foul o'r diny; pollute
`2 to tarnish or sully the brightness of; taint; corrupt
`3 to damage or sully (someone's good name,
`reputation, etc) 4 to make unfit for ceremonial use;
`desecrate 5 to violate the chastity of • de'fllement n
`• de'fller n
`• ,,l
`•ETYMOLOGY c14: from earlier dtfoilen (Influenced by
`fllen to FIJ.E'), from Old French dt(oulrr to trample
`underfoot, abuse, from DE- + foulrr to tread upon;
`&eeFULL'
`deflltt" Cdi:fail, dt'fall) n 1 a narrow pass or gorge,
`esp one between two mountains 2 a single file of
`soldiers, etc 1> vb 3 c/Jiqly military to march or cause
`to march in1single file
`, .1
`•ITYMOLOGV clT. from French di(ili, from dlfilrr to
`file·off, from filer'to march in a column, from Old -
`French: to spin, from fll thread, from Latin fllum
`defln• (dt'fam) vb (tr) 1 to state precisely the
`me.ning of (words, tenns, etc) 2 to describe the
`nature, properties, or essential qualities of 3 to
`determine the bouncluy or extent of 4 (often passill!)
`to delineate the form or outline of: the shape of the trtt
`was dearly dtfintd bytllt liglit behind it s to fix with
`, ·
`precision; specify • de'flnable a4j > de,flna'blllty n
`• de'finably adv • de'flnern
`,
`•ETYMOLOGY 04:fromOldFrenchdqwrtodetermine,
`from Latin ~ t o set bounds to, from finjt! to FOOSH
`defined-benafit a4j denoting an occupational ..
`pension scheme that guarantees a specified payout,
`usually·l>a.sed on an employee's final salary and 1
`years ofsewice.Abbreviation: DB.Also called,
`final-salary
`.
`deflnlendum ·cm,firu'mdilm) n,pl-da (-da)
`something to be defined, esp the term o.r phrase
`to be .u;counted.for in a dictionary entry. Compare
`deflniens
`eETYMOLOCY Latin\,.
`deflnlens (dt'firuanz) n; pl deflnlentia (dt,firu'mJa)
`the word or words.used to define or give an account
`of the meaning of another word, as in a dictionary
`entry. Compare deflniendum .
`'
`eETYMOLOGY l.atin:definin'g
`II
`definite ('ilmrut} adj 1·dearly defined; exact;
`explicit 2 having precise limits oi.boundaries
`3 known for certain; sure: itis definite that they havt II/OR
`4 botany a denoting a type'Of growth in which the
`main' stem ends in a.flower, as in a cymose
`inflorescence;.de~ b (esp of flower parts)
`limited or med in number in a given species
`• 'definiteness n > definitude (dI'tiru,tju:d) n .
`1 •
`HTYMOLOGY as: from Latin difiru1us limited, diltinct;
`' I
`seeDEFINE
`-
`I. ,,
`-
`r
`definite article rr grammar a determiner that i-: v,
`expresses specificity of reference, such as the in
`English. Compare i11deflnlte article
`1
`'
`definite description n 1 a desaiption that is
`modified by the.definite article or a possessive, such
`as the woman ln,whlte or Rosemary's-baby 2 a similar
`'
`plural expression, suro·as the kings of,Scotllllld
`dafinlte lr,tearal n maths a the evaluation of the
`indefinite integral between two limits, , .
`·
`representing the area between the given function
`and the x-axis between these two values of x b the
`expression for that function, fit J(x)dx, where f(x) is
`the given function and x = a and x" bare the limits
`of integration. Where F(X) .. ff(x)dx. the indefinite
`integral, .11' • f(x)dx = F(b}-F(a)
`,
`definitely Cd£f1rutll) a4v 1 in a definite manner
`z (smttna modifier) certainly: ht said ht was coming,
`definiUly 1> smtenct substitute 3 unquestionably:
`used to confirm an assumption by a questioner
`definition td£fl'ruJan) n 1 a fonnal and concise
`statement of the meaning of a word, phrase, etc
`z the act of defining a word, phrase, etc
`J apedflcation of the essential properties of
`something, or of the critera which uniquely
`tdmtify it 4 the act of nwdng cJsr or definite
`
`t,
`
`5 the suie or condition of being clearly defined or
`definite ea meuure of the cluity of an optical,
`'
`photographic, or televillon Image as ctiaractedzed
`by ita sharpness and contrast > ,defl'nltlonal a4J
`datlnltlva (d1'fm1ttv) a4J 1 serving to decide or se~
`finally; conclualve 2 moat reliable, complete, or
`authorita.tive: th, definitive rradlng of a tat I serving to
`define or outline 4 zoolOQV fully developed; complete:
`the drflnltlvt form of a parasltt I a (of postage 1ta.mp1)
`permanently on ule b (cu noun) a definitive pottage
`stamp 1> n e 11rammar a word indicating apedfidty
`of reference, such as the definite article or a
`demonstrative adjective or pronoun • de'flnltlvely
`adv • da'flnitlvenus n
`daflagrata ('defla,gre1t, 'di:-) vb to bum or cauae
`to bum with great heat and light • ,d.rla'gratlon n
`eElYMOL,OGY ca: from Latin utJa,rarr, from DE-+
`flagrare to bum
`deftat• (dt'fle1t) vb 1 to collapse or cause to collapse
`through the release of gas 2 (tr}to ta.ke away the
`self-esteem or conceit from 3 l!COnomia to cause·
`deflation of (an economy;the money supply, etc)
`>de'flatorn .
`•ETYMOLOGY ag: from DE-+ (!~Fl.ATE
`•
`"
`deflation (dt'fletJ;m) n 1 theactofdeflatingorstate
`of being deflated 2 economics a reduction in the level
`of total spending and.economic activity resulting
`in lower levels of output, employment, investment.
`trade, profits; and prices. Compare disinflation
`3 geology the removal of loose rock material, sand,
`and dust by the wind > de'ftatlonary allj •
`• de'flatlonist n, adj
`deflationary gap n ecollDlllics a situation in which
`total spending in an economy is insufficient to buy all
`theoutputthatcanbeproducedwithfullemployment
`deflact (dt'flEkt) .vb to tum or cause to-nim aside
`from a course; swerve • de'flector n
`eElYMOLOGY Cl7: from Latin difledere, from flectm I
`to bend
`deflection ordeflexion (dt'fu:kJan) n 1 the act of
`deflecting or the state of being deflected 2 the
`amount of deviation 3 the change in direction of ·
`a light beam as it crosses a boundary between,two .
`media with different refractive indexes 4 a deviation
`of the indicator of.a measuring instrument from its
`zero position 5 the movement of a structure or
`structural member when subjected to a load
`• de'flectlve a4j
`deftexed (dt'fu:kst. 'di:fu:kst) a4j (ofleaves, petals,
`etc) bent sharply outwards,and downwards
`,
`dllflocculate (dt'flokju,leit) vb (tr) Ho disperse,
`forming a colloid or suspension 2 to prevent
`flocculation of (a colloid or suspension) ·
`'
`• de,floccu'lation n • de'floccuJant n
`.
`defloratlon (,di:fl:>:'re!Jan) n .the act of deflowering
`• ETVMOLOGV cis: from Late Latin dlflor4tio; see DE-,
`·
`FLOWER.
`I
`..
`daflower (di:'flaua) vb (tr) 1 to deprive of virginity,'
`esp by rupturing the hymen through sexual
`1intercourse 2 to despoil of beauty, innocem:e, etc;
`mar; violate J to rob or despoil of flowers
`> de'flowerer n
`J
`1 ,
`defo Cd£fau) interj Brit in(orrnal definitely: an expression
`of agreement or consent
`.
`Defoe (dt'fau) n Daniel. 7166o-1731, English novelist,
`journalist, spymaster, and pa.mphleteer, noted
`particularly for his novel Robinson Crusoe (1719) • •
`His other novels include Moll Flanders (1722) and ,
`AJownal of the Plague Year (1722)
`defoliant (di:'faull,mt) n a chemical sprayed or.
`dusted onto trees to cause their leaves to fall, esp
`to remove cover from an enemy in warfare ,
`defollat~ vb (dil'faul1,e1t) 1 to deprive (a plant) ofits
`leaves, as by the use ofa herbicide, or (of a plant) to
`shed its leaves I> adj (di:'faulnt) 2 (oi a,plant) having
`shed its leaves • de,folfation n • de'foll,ator n
`HTVMOLOGV' Cl8l from Medieval Latin Ufolulrr, from
`Latin DE-+ follum leaf
`deforce (d1'f:>:s) vb (tr) property law 1 to withhold
`(property, esp land) wrongfully or by force from the
`rightful owne~ 2 to eject or keep forcibly from
`possession of property • de'forcement n
`eETVMOLOGV cu: from Anglo-French, from dt(orcer
`
`deforest (di:'fMISt) vb (tr) to clear of trees. Also:
`dlsforest > deforestation n • de'forestar n
`deform (d1'f.:1:m) vb 1 to make or become misshapen
`or distorted 2 (tr) to mar the beauty of; disfigure
`J (tr) to subject or be subjected to a stress that causes
`a change of dimensions • de'formable adj
`• da1orma'blllty n > de'former n
`HTVMOLOGY as: from Latin diformdre, from DE-+
`forma shape, beaUty
`deformation (.di:f.:l:'me1J;m) n 1 the act of
`deforming; distortion 2 the result of deforming;
`a. change ln form, esp for the worse 3 a. change in
`the d1memlmu of an object resulting from a mess
`deformed (dl'f.:l:md) a4j 1 disfigured or misshapen
`2 morally perven.ed; warped • deformedly
`(dt'f.:l:mulll) adv • CN'formedness n
`deformity (dt'f.:l:mlU) n, pl-ties 1 a deformed
`condition; disfigurement 2 pathol an acquired
`or congenital distortion of an organ or part
`· J a deformed person or thing 4 a defect, esp of
`the·mind or morals; depravity
`Detra Cddril) nacronym (inBriwn)Departmentfar
`Environmi!nt, Food and Rural Affairs
`defrag ('di:fra!g) vb ..frags, ..fragglng, -fragged to
`consolidate fragmented files and foldexs on (the
`hard drive of a computer or other electronic device)
`in order to make it run more efficiently
`eETVMOLOGV sbonforde(ragrnmt
`defraud (dt'fr:>:d) vb (tr)totakeawayorwithhold
`money, rights, property, etc, from (a person) by
`fraud; cheat; swindle > defraudation tdi!fr:>~detjan)
`orde'fraudment n • de'frauder n
`defny (dt'fret) vb (tr)tofumishorprovideillODl!y
`for (costs, expenses, etc); pay • de'frayable adj
`> de'frayal or de'frayment n • de'frayer n
`eETYMOLOCY Cl.6:fromOldFrenchdtffn,ifrtopay
`expenses, from cit- DIS-1 + frai expenditure,
`originally: cost incurred through breaking
`something, from Latin franga-r to break
`defrock (di!'fmk) vb (tr)todeprive(apersoninboly
`orders) of ecclesiastical status; unfrock
`defrost (di:'fmst) vb 1-to make or become fiee of
`frost or ice 2 to thaw, esp through removal from a
`refrigerator
`defroster -(di:'frostil) n a device by which the
`de-icing process of a refrigerator is accelerated,
`usually by circulating the refrigerant without the
`expansion process
`deft (ddt) allj quick and neat in movement; nimble;
`dexterous • 'deftly adv > 'deftness n
`•ETYMOLOGY. cu (in the sense: gentle): see DAFT
`defunct (dt'f'AI)kt) a4j lnolongerliving;deador
`extinct 2 no longeroperative or valid • de'functive
`a4j • de'functness n .
`•ElYMOLOGV Cl6: from Latin dlfungito discharge
`(one's obligations), die; see DE-, FUNCTION
`defuH orsomttimesusdefuze (di-'fju:z) vb (tr)
`1 to remove the triggering device of (a bomb, etc)
`2 to remove the cause of tension from (a crisis, etc)
`•USAGE Avoid confusion with diffuse
`defy (dt'fa1) vb -fies, -fying, -fled (tr) 1 to resist (a
`powerful person, authority, etc) openly and boldly
`2 ~o elude, esp in a baffling way: his actions dtfv
`explanation J formal to challenge or provoke (someone
`to do something judged to be impossible); dare:
`I defy you ta dimb thatdlff 4 orthaic to invite t o do battle
`or combat • de'fler n
`eETVMOLOGV c14: from Old French dtsfitr, from
`des- DI·+ fler to truSt, from Latin fidtrt
`.
`deg (df:g) vb degs, degglng, degged (tr) Northtm English
`dialect to water (a plant, etc)
`deg. abbttviation degree
`.
`d'9a1i French (dega3e) odj 1 unconstrained in
`manner; casual; relaxed 2 uninvolved; de~ched
`degas (di:'g.es) vb -gases or-gasses, -gassing,
`-gassed 1 (tr) to remove gas from (a container,
`urn tube liquid adsorbent, etc) 2 (intr) to lose
`:~rbed or absorbed gas by desorption • de'gasser n
`de Gau II• (Frtru:h da gol) n Charles (Andri Joseph
`Marie) (farl).1890-1970, French general and
`statesman. During World war 11, he refused to
`accept ~tain's armistice with Cenn'.'11Y and
`founded the Free French movement m England
`
`. .
`
`I
`
`Milwaukee Electric Tool Corporation – Exhibit 2012 - Page 3
`Apex Tool Group, LLC v. Milwaukee Electric Tool Corporation
`PGR2020-00056 U.S. Patent No. 10,422,617
`
`