A Use-Every-Day Computer Reference
`The Concise Standuni for Business,
`School, Libraiy and Horne
`
`Clear, up-to-date definitions
`of the terms you need to know
`
`Entries cover the Internet,
`hardware, software, operating
`systems, and more
`Online updates keep
`information current
`
`IPR2021-01338
`ANCORA EX2008
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`PUBLISHEDBY
`Microsoft Press
`A Division of Mit.ritsoft Corporation
`One Mitrosofr Way
`Redmond. Washington 98052-6399
`Copyright © 1998 by Microsoft Corporation
`All rights reserved. No part of the c:ritenis of this hook may be reproduced or
`transmitted in any form or by any means without the written permission of the
`publisher.
`Library of Congress Cataloging -in Publication Data
`Microsoft Press Computer tiscr's Dictioury / Microsoft
`p, cm.
`ISBN 1-57231-862-7
`1. Computers Dictionaries I. Microsoft Corporation.
`QA76.15.M544 1998
`004 .03--dc21
`
`Corporation.
`
`98-13998
`(.11)
`
`Printed and bound in the United States of America,
`2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Mi..ML 3 2 1 0 9 8
`Distributed in Canada by 1TP Nel,on, a division or Thomson C'anada Limited
`A CIP catalogue record for this book Is available fn Pm the British Library.
`Microsoft Press books arc availabk through taioksellers and distributors worldwide. For
`further information about international editions, contact your local Microsoft Corporation
`ortice or contact Microsoft Press International directly at fax (423) 936›7329. Visit our Welt site
`at mspress.microloll.com,
`Macintosh. Power Macintosh. Quicklime, and TrucTypc fonts arc registered trademarks of
`Apple Computer. Inc. Intel is a registered trademark of Intel Corporation. ActiveX. Directlnput.
`DirectX, Microsoft. Microsoft Press, MS-DOS, Visual Basic, Visual C++, Win32, Win32s,
`Windows. Windows NT, and XENIX arc registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation.
`Other product and company names mentioned herein may he the iracternarks of their
`respectise owners.
`Acquisiiions Fditor: Kim Fryer
`Project Editors: Ted Kieffer, Maureen Williams Zimmerman
`Manuscript Editor: Mary Renaud
`Li-clinical Editor.: John Conroy:. Mary DeJong, lint Fuchs, Roslyn Lutsch, Robeit Lyon,
`Dail Mager, Jr„ Kurt Meyer. Gary Nelson, Jean Ross
`
`IPR2021-01338
`ANCORA EX2008
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`
`ADJ n. Short for adjacent. A Boolean qualifier to indicate cases where two
`Instances are adjacent to each other. In the case or a search string, "Micro-
`soft ADJ Word" would return only instances where "Microsoft" and "Word"
`are adjacent in the string.
`ADN n. See Advanced Digital Network.
`ADP n, see data processing.
`ADPCM n. See adaptive delta pulse code modulation.
`ADSL n. See asymmetric digital subscriber line.
`Advanced Digital Network n. A dedicated line service..capable of trans-
`mitting data, video, and other digital signals with exceptiOnal reliability, of-
`fered as a premier service by communications companies. Usually Advanced
`Digital Network refers to speeds at or above 56 Kbps. See also dedicated
`line.
`Advanced Research Projects Agency Network n. See ARPANET,
`Advanced RISC n. Short for Advanced reduced instruction set computing.
`A specification for a RISC microchip architecture and system environment
`designed by MIPS Computer Systems to provide binary compatibility among
`software applications. See also RISC.
`AFK adv. Acronym for away from keyboard. A phrase occasionally seen in
`live chat services as an indication that one is momentarily unable to answer.
`See also chat' (definition 1).
`agent n. 1. A program that performs a background task for a user and re-
`ports to the user when the task is done or some expected event has taken
`place. 2. A program that searches through archives or other repositories of
`information on a topic specified by the user. Agents of this sort are used
`most often on the Internet and are generally dedicated to searching a single
`type of information repository, such as postings on Usenet groups. Also
`called intelligent agent. See also spider. 3. In client/server applications, a
`process that mediates between the client and the server. 4. In Simple Net-
`work Management Protocol, a program that monitors network traffic, See
`also SNMP.
`AI n. See artificial intelligence.
`.aiff n. The file extension that identifies audio files in the sound format
`originally used on Apple and Silicon Graphics (SG!) computers.
`AMP n. The sound format originally used on Apple and Silicon Graphics
`(SOI) computers. AIFF stores waveform files in an 8-bit monaural format.
`See also waveform.
`alert box n. An on-screen box, in a graphical user interface, that is used to
`deliver a message or warning. Compare dialog box.
`algorithm n. A finite sequence of steps for solving a logical or mathemati-
`cal problem.
`allas n. 1. An alternative label for some object, such as a file or data Collec-
`tion. 2. A name used to direct e-mail messages to a person or group of
`people on a network. 3. A false signal that results from the digitization of an
`analog audio sample.
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`IPR2021-01338
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