`
`Optical Engineering
`
`The Design of Optical Systems
`
`Singapore Sydney Tokyo Toronto
`
`McGraw-Hill, Inc.
`New York St. Louis San Francisco Auckland Bogota’
`Caracas Lisbon London Madrid Mexico Milan
`Montreal New Delhi Paris San Juan Séo Paulo
`
`Warren J. Smith
`Chief Scientist
`
`Kaiser Electra-Optics Inc.
`Carlsbad, California
`
`Second Edition
`
`HP, Ex. 1017
`
` Ex. 1017
`
`HP,
`
`
`
`Library of Congress Cataloging-in—I’ublication Data
`
`Smith, Warren J.
`Modern optical engineering :
`Warren J. Smith.—2nd ed.
`p.
`cm.
`Includes index.
`ISBN 0-07—059174-1
`1. Optical instruments—Design and construction.
`TS513.SE:5
`1990
`621.36—dc20
`
`the design of optical systems
`
`/
`
`I. Title.
`90—36726
`CIP
`
`Copyright © 1990 by McGraw-Hill, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in
`the United States of America. Except as permitted under the United
`States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be
`reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a
`data base or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of
`the publisher.
`
`34567890 DOC/DOC 954321
`
`ISBN U-07—05917H-l
`
`The sponsoring editor for this book was Daniel A. Gonneau, the
`editing supervisor was Alfred Bernardi, the designer was Naomi
`Auerbach, and the production supervisor was Thomas G. Kowalczyk.
`It was set in Century Schoolbook by McGraw-Hill’s Professional and
`Reference Division composition unit.
`
`Printed and bound by R. R. Donnelley & Sons Company.
`
`Information contained in this work has been obtained by
`McGraW-Hill, Inc., from sources believed to be reliable. How—
`ever, neither McGraw—Hill nor
`its authors guarantees the
`accuracy or completeness of any information published herein
`and neither McGraw-Hill nor its authors shall be responsible
`for any errors, omissions, or damages arising out of use of this
`information. This work is published with the understanding
`that McGraW-Hill and its authors are supplying information
`but are not attempting to render engineering or other
`professional
`services.
`If
`such services
`are
`required,
`the
`
`assistance of an appropriate professional should be sought.
`
`HP, Ex. 1017
`
` Ex. 1017
`
`HP,
`
`
`
`38
`
`Chapter Two
`
`And the final slope is found by Eq. 2.31a:
`
`leulz : Nllu’l " 3’2(N'2 — N2)cz
`
`‘ (N “ 1)3’101 -yl 1 " N 1531}1 _ Nlcz
`
`
`(N — 1)
`
`(N - 1)]
`(1.0)u’2 = u'z = - y1(N — 1)[c1 — 02 + tCIC2 N
`
`
`
`Thus the power d) (or reciprocal focal length) of the element is ex—
`pressed as
`
`1
`
`¢ = f =
`
`
`- u’
`
`y1 2 = (N — 1)[c1 - c2 + tclcz N l
`
`
`(N — 1)
`
`or, if we substitute 0 = l/R,
`
`1
`
`1
`
`«b — ; — (N — 1)[RI — R2 + RleNl
`
`1
`
`t(N - 1)
`
`(2.36)
`
`(2.36a)
`
`The back focal length can be found by dividing y2 by u’z to get
`
`bfl zflszfli)
`“,2
`NR
`
`(2.37)
`
`The distance from the second surface to the second principal point is
`just the difference between the back focal length and the effective fo-
`cal length (see Fig. 2.11); this is obviously the second term of Eq. 2.37.
`The above procedure has located the second principal point and sec-
`ond focal point of the lens. The “first” points are found simply by sub-
`stituting R1 for R2 and vice versa.
`The focal points and principal points for several shapes of elements
`are diagramed in Fig. 2.12. Notice that the principal points of an
`equiconvex or equiconcave element are approximately evenly spaced
`within the element. In the plane forms, one principal point is at the
`curved surface, the other is about one-third of the way into the lens. In
`the meniscus forms shown, one of the principal points is completely
`outside the lens;
`in extreme meniscus shapes, both the principal
`points lie outside the lens and their order may be reversed from that
`shown. Note that the focal points of the negative elements are in re-
`versed order compared to a positive element.
`If the lens element is not immersed in air, we can derive a similar
`expression for it. Assuming that the object medium has an index of
`N1, the lens index is N2; and the image medium has an index of N3,
`
`
`
`HP, Ex. 1017
`
` Ex. 1017
`
`HP,
`
`