McGRAW-HILL PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING
`
`SPIE PRESS
`
`Second Edition
`
`Modern
`Lens
`Design
`
`Warren J. Smith
`
`¥ Detailed procedures for designing any major lens
`
`V Demonstration design case studies
`
`VY Designing with lens design software
`
`AOET,Ex. 1016
`
`AOET, Ex. 1016
`
`

`

`
`
`Modern
`Lens Design
`
`Warren J. Smith
`Chief Scientist
`Kaiser Electro-Optics, Inc., Carisbad, California
`and Consultant in Optics and Design
`
`Second Edition
`
`McGraw-Hill
`New York Chicago SanFrancisco Lisbon London Madrid
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`Singapore Sydney Toronto
`
`AOET,Ex. 1016
`
`AOET, Ex. 1016
`
`

`

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`AOET,Ex. 1016
`
`AOET, Ex. 1016
`
`

`

`96
`
`Chapter Five
`
`These aberrations are related by:
`
`OPD = JAA
`The opticalpath (OP = Xn-d) is related to the timeoftravel oflight,
`which is equal to in - d/c. Ideally the OP from the object point to a
`reference sphere centered on the image point (and often located at the
`exit pupil—orat infinity) should be constant over the full aperture.
`Theopticalpath difference, OPD = (OP yay — OPres), Where OP,ay is the
`path along a ray and OP, is the path along theaxisor along the prin-
`cipal ray. The pupil function is OPD (x, y); the wave (front) function
`is w(x, y) = OPD (x,y)/A in waves; and the phase function ® (x, y) is
`2Qnw (x, y) in radians.
`Aberrations maybe intrinsic or induced. The intrinsic aberrations
`are those of a surface (or element) that are unaffected by the aberra-
`tions of the other surfaces. Induced aberrations are created by the
`aberrations(i.e., changes in the ray heights or angles) of the otherele-
`ments. Usually the lower-order aberrationsof the other surfaces cause
`induced higher-order aberrations. For example, the third-order aber-
`rations of preceding surfaces will induce fifth-order spherical in fol-
`lowing surfaces. See Chap.6, Secs. 6.3 and 6.4 for an example of how
`the third-order spherical andfirst-order chromatic aberration in the —
`first element affect the zonal (fifth-order) spherical and spherochro-
`matic of the lens.
`
`the scaling factor. Ofcourse, because it neglects diffraction, the geome ite
`
`TA=LA- tan U
`
`AA= TAI’
`
`5.4 Scaling a Design,Its Aberrations, andits
`Modulation Transfer Function
`A lensprescription can be scaled to any desired focal length simply by
`multiplyingall ofits dimensions by the sameconstant. All ofthe linear
`aberration measureswill then be scaled by the samefactor. Note, how-
`ever, that percent distortion, chromatic difference of magnification”
`(CDM), the numerical aperture or fnumber, the aberrations expressed
`as angular aberrations, and any other angular characteristics remain
`completely unchanged by scaling.
`The exact diffraction modulation transfer function (MTF) cannot be
`scaled with the lens data. The diffraction MTF, since it includes dit
`fraction effects that depend on wavelength, will not scale because the
`wavelength is not ordinarily scaled with the lens. Ageometric MTF can
`be scaled by dividing the spatial frequency ordinate of the MTFplot by
`
`AOET, Ex. 1016
`
`