(19) United States
`(12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2010/0144391 A1
`Chang et al.
`(43) Pub. Date:
`Jun. 10, 2010
`
`US 201001 44391A1
`
`(54) INTEGRATED TOUCH PANEL FOR ATFT
`DISPLAY
`
`(76) Inventors:
`
`Shih Chang Chang, Cupertino, CA
`(US); John Z. Zhong, Cupertino,
`CA (US)
`
`Correspondence Address:
`APPLE C/O MORRISON AND FOERSTERLLP
`LOS ANGELES
`555 WEST FIFTH STREETSUITE 3500
`LOS ANGELES, CA 90013-1024 (US)
`
`(21) Appl. No.:
`
`12/315,869
`
`(22) Filed:
`
`Dec. 5, 2008
`
`Publication Classification
`
`(51) Int. Cl.
`(2006.01)
`H04B I/38
`(2006.01)
`G06F 3/04
`(2006.01)
`GO2F I/343
`(52) U.S. Cl. .......................... 455/566:345/173; 349/187
`(57)
`ABSTRACT
`This relates to displays for which the use of dual function
`capacitive elements does not result in any decreases of the
`aperture of the display. Thus, touch sensitive displays that
`have aperture ratios that are no worse than similar non-touch
`sensing displays can be manufactured. More specifically, this
`relates to placing touch sensing opaque elements so as to
`ensure that they are substantially overlapped by display
`related opaque elements, thus ensuring that the addition of the
`touch sensing elements does not Substantially reduce the
`aperture ratio. The touch sensing display elements can be, for
`example, common lines that connect various capacitive ele
`ments that are configured to operate collectively as an ele
`ment of the touch sensing system.
`
`
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`US 2010/014.4391 A1
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`TFT Glass Region Layout
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`to Perform Multi-Touch Sensing
`FIG. 2A
`
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`Jun. 10, 2010 Sheet 3 of 65
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`US 2010/014.4391 A1
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`CF Glass Patterned ITO Region Layout
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`Jun. 10, 2010 Sheet 5 of 65
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`US 2010/0144391 A1
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`Patent Application Publication
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`Jun. 10, 2010 Sheet 6 of 65
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`US 2010/014.4391 A1
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`Patent Application Publication
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`Jun. 10
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`DELL EXHIBIT 1042 PAGE 10
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`Patent Application Publication
`
`Jun. 10, 2010 Sheet 10 of 65
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`US 2010/014.4391 A1
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`Patent Application Publication
`
`Jun. 10, 2010 Sheet 11 of 65
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`US 2010/0144391 A1
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`DELL EXHIBIT 1042 PAGE 12
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`Patent Application Publication
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`Jun. 10, 2010 Sheet 12 of 65
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`US 2010/0144391 A1
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`Patent Application Publication
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`Jun. 10, 2010 Sheet 13 of 65
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`US 2010/014.4391 A1
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`DELL EXHIBIT 1042 PAGE 14
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`Patent Application Publication
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`Jun. 10, 2010 Sheet 14 of 65
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`Jun. 10, 2010 Sheet 15 of 65
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`Patent Application Publication
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`Jun. 10, 2010 Sheet 16 of 65
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`US 2010/0144391 A1
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`Patent Application Publication
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`Jun. 10, 2010 Sheet 17 of 65
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`US 2010/0144391 A1
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`Jun. 10, 2010 Sheet 18 of 65
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`Patent Application Publication
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`Jun. 10, 2010 Sheet 19 of 65
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`US 2010/0144391 A1
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`Patent Application Publication
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`Jun. 10, 2010 Sheet 20 of 65
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`Patent Application Publication
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`Jun. 10, 2010 Sheet 21 of 65
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`US 2010/0144391 A1
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`DELL EXHIBIT 1042 PAGE 22
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`Patent Application Publication
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`Jun. 10, 2010 Sheet 22 of 65
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`US 2010/014.4391 A1
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`DELL EXHIBIT 1042 PAGE 23
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`Patent Application Publication
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`Jun. 10, 2010 Sheet 23 of 65
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`US 2010/0144391 A1
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`DELL EXHIBIT 1042 PAGE 24
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`Patent Application Publication
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`Jun. 10, 2010 Sheet 24 of 65
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`US 2010/014.4391 A1
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`DELL EXHIBIT 1042 PAGE 25
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`Jun. 10, 2010 Sheet 25 of 65
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`DELL EXHIBIT 1042 PAGE 26
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`Patent Application Publication
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`Jun. 10, 2010 Sheet 26 of 65
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`US 2010/014.4391 A1
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`DELL EXHIBIT 1042 PAGE 27
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`Jun. 10, 2010 Sheet 27 of 65
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`US 2010/0144391 A1
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`DELL EXHIBIT 1042 PAGE 28
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`Patent Application Publication
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`Jun. 10, 2010 Sheet 28 0f 65
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`US 2010/0144391 A1
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`DELL EXHIBIT 1042 PAGE 29
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`Patent Application Publication
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`Jun. 10, 2010 Sheet 29 of 65
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`US 2010/0144391 A1
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`DELL EXHIBIT 1042 PAGE 30
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`Jun. 10, 2010 Sheet 30 of 65
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`Jun. 10, 2010 Sheet 31 of 65
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`Jun. 10, 2010 Sheet 34 of 65
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`Jun. 10, 2010 Sheet 36 of 65
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`Patent Application Publication
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`Jun. 10, 2010 Sheet 38 of 65
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`US 2010/0144391 A1
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`DELL EXHIBIT 1042 PAGE 39
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`Patent Application Publication
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`Jun. 10, 2010 Sheet 39 of 65
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`US 2010/0144391 A1
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`DELL EXHIBIT 1042 PAGE 40
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`Patent Application Publication
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`Jun. 10, 2010 Sheet 40 of 65
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`US 2010/014.4391 A1
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`DELL EXHIBIT 1042 PAGE 41
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`Jun. 10, 2010 Sheet 41 of 65
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`Jun. 10, 2010 Sheet 42 of 65
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`DELL EXHIBIT 1042 PAGE 43
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`DELL EXHIBIT 1042 PAGE 44
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`Jun. 10, 2010 Sheet 44 of 65
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`DELL EXHIBIT 1042 PAGE 45
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`Jun. 10, 2010 Sheet 45 of 65
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`DELL EXHIBIT 1042 PAGE 46
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`Patent Application Publication
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`Jun. 10, 2010 Sheet 46 of 65
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`US 2010/014.4391 A1
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`DELL EXHIBIT 1042 PAGE 47
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`Patent Application Publication
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`Jun. 10, 2010 Sheet 47 of 65
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`DELL EXHIBIT 1042 PAGE 48
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`DELL EXHIBIT 1042 PAGE 49
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`Patent Application Publication
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`Jun. 10, 2010 Sheet 49 of 65
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`DELL EXHIBIT 1042 PAGE 50
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`Patent Application Publication
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`Jun. 10, 2010 Sheet 50 of 65
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`US 2010/014.4391 A1
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`DELL EXHIBIT 1042 PAGE 51
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`Patent Application Publication
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`Jun. 10, 2010 Sheet 51 of 65
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`DELL EXHIBIT 1042 PAGE 52
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`Patent Application Publication
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`Jun. 10, 2010 Sheet 52 of 65
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`US 2010/0144391 A1
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`DELL EXHIBIT 1042 PAGE 53
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`Patent Application Publication
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`Jun. 10, 2010 Sheet 53 of 65
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`US 2010/014.4391 A1
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`DELL EXHIBIT 1042 PAGE 54
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`Patent Application Publication
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`Jun. 10, 2010 Sheet 54 of 65
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`US 2010/014.4391 A1
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`DELL EXHIBIT 1042 PAGE 55
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`Patent Application Publication
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`Jun. 10, 2010 Sheet 55 of 65
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`US 2010/014.4391 A1
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`DELL EXHIBIT 1042 PAGE 56
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`Patent Application Publication
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`Jun. 10, 2010 Sheet 56 of 65
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`Patent Application Publication
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`Jun. 10, 2010 Sheet 57 of 65
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`Patent Application Publication
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`Jun. 10, 2010 Sheet 58 of 65
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`DELL EXHIBIT 1042 PAGE 59
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`Patent Application Publication
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`Jun. 10, 2010 Sheet 59 of 65
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`Jun. 10, 2010 Sheet 60 of 65
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`Patent Application Publication
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`Patent Application Publication
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`Jun. 10, 2010 Sheet 64 of 65
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`US 2010/014.4391 A1
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`DELL EXHIBIT 1042 PAGE 65
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`Patent Application Publication
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`Jun. 10, 2010 Sheet 65 of 65
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`DELL EXHIBIT 1042 PAGE 66
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`

`

`US 2010/01 44391 A1
`
`Jun. 10, 2010
`
`INTEGRATED TOUCH PANEL FOR ATFT
`DISPLAY
`
`FIELD OF THE INVENTION
`0001. This relates generally to multi-touch sensing dis
`plays, and more specifically to combining multi-touch sens
`ing functionality and LCD display functionality.
`
`BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
`0002 Many types of input devices are presently available
`for performing operations in a computing system, Such as
`buttons or keys, mice, trackballs, joysticks, touch sensor pan
`els, touch screens and the like. Touch screens, in particular,
`are becoming increasingly popular because of their ease and
`Versatility of operation as well as their declining price. Touch
`screens can include a touch sensor panel, which can be a clear
`panel with a touch-sensitive Surface, and a display device
`Such as a liquid crystal display (LCD) that can be positioned
`partially or fully behind the panel so that the touch-sensitive
`surface can cover at least a portion of the viewable area of the
`display device. Touch screens can allow a user to perform
`various functions by touching the touch sensor panel using a
`finger, stylus or other object at a location dictated by a user
`interface (UI) being displayed by the display device. In gen
`eral, touch screens can recognize a touch event and the posi
`tion of the touch event on the touch sensor panel, and the
`computing system can then interpret the touch event in accor
`dance with the display appearing at the time of the touch
`event, and thereafter can perform one or more actions based
`on the touch event.
`0003 Multi-touch screens or multi-touch panels are a fur
`ther development of touchscreens. These allow for the device
`to sense multiple touch events at a time. More specifically, a
`multi-touch panel can allow a device to sense the outlines of
`all fingers or other objects that are touching the panel at a
`given time. Thus, while a single touch panel may only sense
`a single location that is being touched, a multi-touch panel
`can provided an entire “touch graphic’ which indicates the
`status (touched or not touched) of a plurality of touch pixels at
`the panel.
`0004 An exemplary multi-touch enabled display is dis
`closed by U.S. patent application Ser. No. 1 1/649.998 filed on
`Jan. 3, 2007, entitled “PROXIMITY AND MULTI-TOUCH
`SENSOR DETECTION AND DEMODULATION, Pub.
`No. 2008/0158172 which is hereby incorporated by reference
`herein in its entirety for all purposes. Early multi-touch dis
`plays required manufacturing of a multi-touch sensing panel
`and a separate display panel. The two panels can later be
`laminated together to form a multi-touch display. Later gen
`erations of the technology provided for combining the display
`and multi-touch functionality in order to reduce power con
`Sumption, make the multi-touch display thinner, reduce costs
`of manufacturing, improve brightness, etc. Examples of Such
`integrated multi-touch displays are disclosed by U.S. appli
`cation Ser. No. 1 1/818,422 filed on Jun. 13, 2007 and entitled
`“INTEGRATED IN-PLANE SWITCHING”, and U.S. appli
`cation Ser. No. 12/240,964, filed on Jul. 3, 2008 and entitled
`DISPLAY WITH IDUAL-FUNCTION CAPACITIVE ELE
`MENTS’ both of which are incorporate by reference herein
`in their entireties for all purposes.
`0005. However, some of the schemes for integration can
`require placing some additional non-transparent elements in
`the thin film transistor (TFT) layer of the display. Such addi
`
`tional non-transparent elements can reduce the aperture of the
`display (the aperture being the portion of the display that
`actually transmits light). Reduction of the aperture can cause
`reduction of the brightness of the display as well as a reduc
`tion in the viewable angle of the display.
`
`SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
`
`0006. This relates to displays including pixels with dual
`function capacitive elements. Specifically, these dual-func
`tion capacitive elements form part of the display system that
`generates an image on the display, and also form part of a
`touch sensing system that senses touch events on or near the
`display. The capacitive elements can be, for example, capaci
`tors in pixels of an LCD display that are configured to operate
`individually, each as a pixel storage capacitor, or electrode, of
`a pixel in the display system, and are also configured to
`operate collectively as elements of the touch sensing system.
`In this way, for example, a display with integrated touch
`sensing capability may be manufactured using fewer parts
`and/or processing steps, and the display itself may be thinner
`and brighter.
`0007 Furthermore, this relates to displays for which the
`use of dual function capacitive elements does not result in any
`decreases of the aperture of the display. Thus, touch sensitive
`displays that have aperture ratios that are no worse than simi
`lar non-touch sensing displays can be manufactured. More
`specifically, this relates to placing touch sensing opaque ele
`ments so as to ensure that they are substantially overlapped by
`display related opaque elements, thus ensuring that the addi
`tion of the touch sensing elements does not substantially
`reduce the aperture ratio. The touch sensing display elements
`can be, for example, common lines that connect various
`capacitive elements that are configured to operate collectively
`as an element of the touch sensing system.
`
`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
`
`0008 FIG. 1 illustrates a partial circuit diagram of an
`example LCD display including a plurality of LCD pixels
`according to embodiments of the present invention.
`0009 FIGS. 2A and 2B illustrate example regions formed
`by breaks in Vertical and horizontal common Voltage lines
`according to embodiments of the invention.
`0010 FIG. 3 illustrates partial circuit diagrams of a pixel
`301 of a drive region and a pixel 303 of an example sense
`region.
`FIG. 4A illustrates example signals applied to the
`0011
`pixels of a drive region during an LCD phase and during a
`touch phase according to embodiments of the invention.
`0012 FIG. 4B illustrates example signals applied to the
`pixels of a sense region during an LCD phase and during a
`touch phase according to embodiments of the invention.
`0013 FIG. 5A illustrates details of an example operation
`of a storage capacitor of a drive region during a touch phase
`according to embodiments of the invention. FIG. 5B illus
`trates details of an example operation of a storage capacitor of
`a sense region during a touch phase according to embodi
`ments of the invention.
`0014 FIG. 6A illustrates a partial view of an example
`touch screen having regions of pixels with dual-function
`capacitive elements that operate as LCD elements and as
`touch sensors according to embodiments of the invention.
`
`DELL EXHIBIT 1042 PAGE 67
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`US 2010/01 44391 A1
`
`Jun. 10, 2010
`
`0015 FIG. 6B illustrates a partial view of an example
`touch screen including metal traces running in the border
`areas of the touch screen according to embodiments of the
`invention.
`0016 FIG. 6C illustrates an example connection of col
`umns and row patches to the metal traces in the border area of
`the touch screen according to embodiments of the invention.
`0017 FIG. 7 illustrates a top view of an example column
`and adjacent row patches according to embodiments of the
`invention.
`0018 FIG. 8A is an example plot of an x-coordinate of a
`finger touch versus mutual capacitance seen at a touch pixel
`for a two adjacent touch pixels in a single row having wide
`spacings according to embodiments of the invention.
`0019 FIG. 8B is an example plot of an x-coordinate of a
`finger touch versus mutual capacitance seen at a touch pixel
`for two adjacent touch pixels in a single row having wide
`spacings where spatial interpolation has been provided
`according to embodiments of the invention.
`0020 FIG. 8C illustrates a top view of an example column
`and adjacent row patch pattern useful for larger touch pixel
`spacings according to embodiments of the invention.
`0021
`FIG. 9A illustrates an example touchscreen includ
`ing sense (or drive) regions formed as columns and rows of
`polygonal regions (bricks) according to embodiments of the
`invention.
`0022 FIG.9B illustrates a close-up view of a portion of
`the example touch screen of FIG.9A.
`0023 FIG. 9C illustrates a portion of example touch
`screen of FIG. 9A including bricks associated with columns
`C0 and C1 and connectingyVcom lines connecting the bricks
`to bus lines according to embodiments of the invention.
`0024 FIG. 10 illustrates a portion of example zig-zag
`double interpolated touch screen that can further reduce the
`Stray capacitance between the connecting yV.com lines and
`the sense regions according to embodiments of the invention.
`0025 FIG. 11 illustrates a patterning of a first metal layer
`(M1) of pixels in an example electrically controlled birefrin
`gence (ECB) LCD display using amorphous silicon (a-Si)
`according to embodiments of the invention.
`0026 FIG. 12 illustrates a patterning step in which island
`patterns of a-Si are formed in the example ECB LCD display
`using a-Si according to embodiments of the invention.
`0027 FIG. 13 illustrates connections formed in a pixel in
`the example ECB LCD display using a-Si according to
`embodiments of the invention.
`0028 FIG. 14 illustrates patterning of a second metal layer
`(M2) of pixels in the example ECB LCD display using a-Si
`according to embodiments of the invention.
`0029 FIG. 15 illustrates planarization (PLN) contact lay
`ers in the example ECB LCD display using a-Si according to
`embodiments of the invention.
`0030 FIG. 16 illustrates reflector (REF) layers in the
`example ECB LCD display using a-Si according to embodi
`ments of the invention.
`0031 FIG. 17 illustrates passivation (PASS) contacts in
`the example ECB LCD display using a-Si according to
`embodiments of the invention.
`0032 FIG. 18 illustrates semi-transparent conductive
`material (such as ITO1)) layers that form pixel electrodes in
`the example ECB LCD display using a-Si according to
`embodiments of the invention.
`
`0033 FIG. 19 illustrates aplan view of completed pixels in
`the example ECB LCD display using a-Si according to
`embodiments of the invention.
`0034 FIGS. 20A-D illustrate side views of completed pix
`els in the example ECB LCD display using a-Siaccording to
`embodiments of the invention.
`0035 FIGS. 21 and 22 illustrate a comparative analysis of
`the storage capacitances of pixels in the example ECB LCD
`display usinga-Siaccording to embodiments of the invention.
`0036 FIG. 23 illustrates aperture ratio estimations for pix
`els in the example ECB LCD display using a-Siaccording to
`embodiments of the invention.
`0037 FIG. 24 illustrates an example modification in the
`example ECB LCD display using a-Si according to embodi
`ments of the invention.
`0038 FIG. 25 illustrates the patterning of a layer of poly
`Si of pixels in an example in-plane switching (IPS) LCD
`display using low temperature polycrystalline silicon (LTPS)
`according to embodiments of the invention.
`0039 FIG. 26 illustrates the patterning of a first metal
`layer (M1) of pixels in the example IPS LCD display using
`LTPS according to embodiments of the invention.
`0040 FIG. 27 illustrates vias formed in pixels in the
`example IPS LCD display using LTPS according to embodi
`ments of the invention.
`0041
`FIG. 28 illustrates the patterning of a second metal
`layer (M2) of pixels in the example IPS LCD display using
`LTPS according to embodiments of the invention.
`0042 FIG. 29 illustrates a first layer of transparent con
`ductive material, such as ITO, formed on pixels in the
`example IPS LCD display using LTPS according to embodi
`ments of the invention.
`0043 FIG. 30 illustrates a connection in the example IPS
`LCD display using LTPS according to embodiments of the
`invention.
`0044 FIG. 31 illustrates a second layer of transparent
`conductor, such as ITO, formed on pixel in the example IPS
`LCD display using LTPS according to embodiments of the
`invention.
`0045 FIG.32 illustrates a plan view of completed pixels in
`the example IPS LCD display using LTPS according to
`embodiments of the invention.
`0046 FIG. 33 illustrates a side view of a pixel in the
`example IPS LCD display using LTPS according to embodi
`ments of the invention.
`0047 FIG. 34 illustrates the storage capacitances of two
`pixels in the example IPS LCD display using LTPS according
`to embodiments of the invention.
`0048 FIG. 35 illustrates the patterning of a layer of poly
`Si of pixels in an example IPS LCD display using LTPS in
`which a yV.com line is formed in an M2 layer according to
`embodiments of the invention.
`0049 FIG. 36 illustrates the patterning of a first metal
`layer (M1) of pixels in the example IPS LCD display using
`LTPS in which a yV.com line is formed in an M2 layer accord
`ing to embodiments of the invention.
`0050 FIG. 37 illustrates vias formed in pixels in the
`example IPS LCD display using LTPS in whichayV.com line
`is formed in an M2 layer according to embodiments of the
`invention.
`0051 FIG.38 illustrates patterning of a second metal layer
`(M2) of pixels in the example IPS LCD display using LTPS in
`which a yV.com line is formed in an M2 layer according to
`embodiments of the invention.
`
`DELL EXHIBIT 1042 PAGE 68
`
`

`

`US 2010/01 44391 A1
`
`Jun. 10, 2010
`
`0052 FIG. 39 illustrates a first layer of transparent con
`ductive material, such as ITO, formed on pixels in the
`example IPS LCD display using LTPS in whichayV.com line
`is formed in an M2 layer according to embodiments of the
`invention.
`0053 FIG. 40 illustrates connections in the example IPS
`LCD display using LTPS in which a yV.com line is formed in
`an M2 layer according to embodiments of the invention.
`0054 FIG. 41 illustrates a second layer of transparent
`conductor, such as ITO, formed on pixels in the example IPS
`LCD display using LTPS in which a yV.com line is formed in
`an M2 layer according to embodiments of the invention.
`0055 FIG.42 illustrates a plan view of completed pixels in
`the example IPS LCD display using LTPS in which a yV.com
`line is formed in an M2 layer according to embodiments of the
`invention.
`0056 FIG. 43 illustrates a side view of a pixel in the
`example IPS LCD display using LTPS in whichayV.com line
`is formed in an M2 layer according to embodiments of the
`invention.
`0057 FIG. 44 illustrates a semiconductor layer of poly-Si
`in an example ECB LCD display using LTPS according to
`embodiments of the invention.
`0058 FIG. 45 illustrates a first layer of metal (M1) in the
`example ECB LCD display using LTPS according to embodi
`ments of the invention.
`0059 FIG. 46 illustrates connections in the example ECB
`LCD display using LTPS according to embodiments of the
`invention.
`0060 FIG. 47 illustrates a second metal layer (M2) in the
`example ECB LCD display using LTPS according to embodi
`ments of the invention.
`0061
`FIG. 48 illustrates a connection layer in the example
`ECB LCD display using LTPS according to embodiments of
`the invention.
`0062 FIG. 49 illustrates a reflector layer in the example
`ECB LCD display using LTPS according to embodiments of
`the invention.
`0063 FIG.50 illustrates an ITO layer in the example ECB
`LCD display using LTPS according to embodiments of the
`invention.
`0064 FIG. 51 illustrates a completed pixel in the example
`ECB LCD display using LTPS according to embodiments of
`the invention.
`0065 FIG. 52 illustrates a side view of a pixel in the
`example ECB LCD display using LTPS according to embodi
`ments of the invention.
`0066 FIG. 53 illustrates a calculation of the storage
`capacitance of a pixel in the example ECB LCD display using
`LTPS according to embodiments of the invention.
`0067 FIG. 54 illustrates an aperture ratio estimation of
`pixels in the example ECB LCD display using LTPS accord
`ing to embodiments of the invention.
`0068 FIG. 55 illustrates an example modification in the
`example ECB LCD display using LTPS acc