UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
`FOR THE DISTRICT OF MASSACHUSETTS
`
`PHILIPS NORTH AMERICA LLC,
`
`v.
`
`FITBIT, INC.,
`
`Plaintiff,
`
`Defendant.
`
`Civil Action No. 1:19-cv-11586-IT
`
`DEFENDANT FITBIT’S INVALIDITY AND NONINFRINGEMENT CONTENTIONS
`
`Pursuant to Local Rule 16.6(d)(4) and in accordance with the deadlines agreed to and
`
`adopted by the Court in this action, Fitbit, Inc. (“Fitbit”), by and through its counsel, sets forth its
`
`Invalidity and Noninfringement Contentions. These contentions respond to the Infringement
`
`Disclosures of Plaintiff Philips North America LLC (“Philips”), served January 31, 2020. In its
`
`Infringement Contentions, Philips asserted the following patents and claims against Fitbit
`
`(collectively, the Asserted Patents):
`
`U.S. Patent No.
`
`Asserted Claims
`
`6,013,007 (“the ’007 patent”)
`
`7, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29
`
`7,088,233 (“the ’233 patent”)
`
`1, 7, 8, 9, 10, 13, 14, 15, 16, 22, 24, 25, 26
`
`8,277,377 (“the ’377 patent”)
`
`1, 4, 5, 6, 9, 12
`
`6,976,958 (“the ’958 patent”)
`
`15, 16, 17
`
`I.
`
`Reservation of rights
`
`Consistent with Local Rule 16.6, Fitbit reserves the right to amend these Invalidity and
`
`Noninfringement Contentions. Discovery is in its early stages, and Fitbit’s prior art investigation
`
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`is not complete. Fitbit has not yet taken depositions or received discovery from third-parties.
`
`Fitbit reserves the right to revise, amend, or supplement its Invalidity and Noninfringement
`
`Contentions as it received information from parties and third parties, consistent with the Local
`
`Rules and the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. In particular, Fitbit reserves its right to add to or
`
`amend our disclosures of system art once the Court-ordered stay on discovery is lifted and Fitbit
`
`is able to gather additional system art from third-parties.
`
`Moreover, Fitbit reserves the right to revise, amend, or supplement its Invalidity and
`
`Noninfringement Contentions, which may change depending upon the Court’s construction of
`
`claim terms and/or positions that Philips or its expert witnesses may take concerning claim
`
`interpretation, infringement, and/or invalidity issues. To the extent the following contentions
`
`reflect constructions of claim limitations consistent with or implicit in Philips’ Infringement
`
`Contentions, no inference is intended nor should any be drawn that Fitbit agrees with Philips’
`
`claim constructions, and Fitbit expressly reserves the right to contest such claim constructions.
`
`Fitbit offers these contentions in response to Philips’ Infringement Contentions and
`
`without prejudice to any position Fitbit may ultimately take as to any claim construction issues.
`
`Fitbit has also met and conferred with Philips’ concerning its deficient infringement contentions.
`
`Philips has agreed to amend those contentions to address those deficiencies no later than March
`
`17, 2020. Fitbit’s ability to respond to the infringement contentions and to identify relevant prior
`
`art has been prejudiced by Philips deficient infringement contentions and failure to provide
`
`required disclosures on conception and reduction to practice. Fitbit therefore reserves its rights to
`
`supplement these disclosures upon Philips’ compliance with local rules. In addition, these
`
`contentions are in no way an endorsement of Philips’ apparent infringement theories.
`
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`Fitbit reserves the right to rely on prior art included in its production (Fitbit_19-
`
`11586_00000001 – Fitbit_19-11586_00005313) whether or not it is charted. Prior art not
`
`included in this disclosure, whether known or not known to Fitbit, may later become relevant. In
`
`particular, Fitbit is currently unaware of the extent, if any, to which Philips will contend that
`
`limitations of the asserted claims are not disclosed in the prior art identified by Fitbit. To the
`
`extent that such an issue arises, Fitbit reserves the right to identify other references that would
`
`have made the addition of the allegedly missing limitation to the disclosed device or method
`
`obvious.
`
`Depending on the Court’s claim construction of claim terms, and/or positions that the
`
`parties or their expert witnesses may take concerning claim interpretation, infringement, and/or
`
`invalidity issues, different charted prior art references may be of greater or lesser relevance and
`
`different combinations of these references may be implicated. Given this uncertainty, the charts
`
`may reflect alternative applications of the prior art against the asserted claims.
`
`II.
`
`Priority dates of the Asserted Patents
`
`Philips has made no specific disclosure regarding conception and reduction to practice of
`
`the Asserted Patents, despite representing all of the inventors of the Asserted Patents. Philips’
`
`Infringement Contentions do not identify the priority dates for the Asserted Patents. Thus,
`
`Philips appears to be relying upon the filing date of the Asserted Patents, and not an earlier date,
`
`as the priority date.1
`
`Fitbit has not yet had an opportunity to depose Philips or the inventors and, therefore,
`
`Fitbit is unable at this time to evaluate any claim by Philips with respect to conception or
`
`1 For example, to the extent Philips believes the ’958 patent is entitled to a filing date earlier than
`February 6, 2004, it is Philips’ burden to establish this earlier filing date. Philips has not
`satisfied this burden. So, for purpose of these contentions, Fitbit has assumed (without
`conceding) that the claims of the ’958 patent are entitled to a priority date of February 6, 2004.
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`reduction to practice dates for the Asserted Patents and/or their file histories. Therefore, Fitbit is
`
`unable to determine the critical date(s) with respect to earlier invention by other parties under 35
`
`U.S.C. § 102(g). Fitbit accordingly relies on references that qualify as prior art based on the
`
`priority dates identified on the face of the Asserted Patents, and reserves its right to amend these
`
`Invalidity Contentions to account for any allegations by Philips of an earlier priority date.
`
`III.
`
`Invalidity contentions
`
`Identification of each prior art reference
`
`A.
`Subject to Fitbit’s reservation of rights, and pursuant to Local Rule 16.6(d)(4)(E),
`
`attached are claim charts (Exs. A1-19, B1-15, C1-16, D1-16) detailing the invalidity of each
`
`Asserted Patent. In addition, Fitbit incorporates the papers, prior art references, and other
`
`exhibits and arguments in any inter partes review(s) that any party may file challenging any
`
`claims of the Asserted Patents. Fitbit also incorporates all materials filed in connection with the
`
`EP 1247299 Evocation Proceeding, the German Nullity Action for European patent EP 1 076
`
`806, and the UK Case No. HP-2017-000068
`
`Fitbit identifies at least the following prior art now known to anticipate and/or render
`
`obvious the Asserted Claims, either expressly, implicitly, or inherently as understood by a
`
`POSITA:
`
`1.
`
`Prior art to the ’233 patent
`
`The following prior art patents, publications, and publically disclosed systems are prior
`
`art to the Asserted Claims of the ’233 patent under at least 35 U.S.C. §§ 102(a), (b), (e), (g),
`
`and/or 35 U.S.C. § 103, as indicated in at least the attached charts and prose set forth below.
`
`Patent / Application No.
`
`Country
`
`Filing Date
`
`U.S. Patent No. 6,171,237 (“Avitall”) U.S.
`
`March 30, 1998
`
`Issue /
`Publication Date
`January 9, 2001
`
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`

`U.S. Patent No. 5,416,468
`(“Baumann”)
`U.S. Patent No. 5,752,976 (“Duffin”) U.S.
`
`U.S.
`
`October 29, 1993 May 16, 1995
`
`June 23, 1995
`
`May 19, 1998
`
`U.S. Patent No. 6,160,986 (“Gabai”) U.S.
`
`May 19, 1998
`
`U.S. Patent No. 6,366,871 (“Geva”)
`
`U.S. Patent No. 6,447,448
`(“Ishikawa”)
`U.S. Patent No. 6,198,394
`(“Jacobsen”)
`U.S. Patent No. 5,950,632 (“Reber
`632”)
`U.S. Patent No. 5,961,451 (“Reber
`451”)
`U.S. Patent No. 6,175,752 (“Say”)
`
`U.S.
`
`U.S.
`
`U.S.
`
`U.S.
`
`U.S.
`
`U.S.
`
`March 3, 1999
`
`December 12,
`2000
`April 2, 2002
`
`December 30, 1999 September 10,
`2002
`December 5, 1996 March 6, 2001
`
`March 3, 1997
`
`April 7, 1997
`
`September 14,
`1999
`October 5, 1999
`
`April 30, 1998
`
`January 16, 2001
`
`U.S. Patent No. 5,319,355 (“Russek”) U.S.
`
`July 10, 1991
`
`June 7, 1994
`
`WO
`
`International Pub. No. WO 00/32258
`(“Aasmul”)
`U.S. Patent No. 5,822,715
`(“Worthington”)
`U.S. Patent No. 5,574,979 (“West
`979”)
`U.S. Patent No. 5,828,751 (“Walker”) U.S.
`
`U.S.
`
`U.S.
`
`U.S. Patent No. 6,255,800 (“Bork”)
`
`U.S. Patent No. 6,602,191 (“Quy”)
`
`U.S.
`
`U.S.
`
`U.S. Patent No. 5,530, 702
`(“Palmer”)
`U.S. Patent No. 5,945,920
`(“Maletsky”)
`U.S. Patent No. 5,963,144 (“Kruest”) U.S.
`
`U.S.
`
`U.S.
`
`November 30,
`1999
`April 18, 1997
`
`June 3, 1994
`
`April 8, 1996
`
`June 8, 2000
`
`October 13, 1998
`
`November 12,
`1996
`October 27, 1998
`
`January 3, 2000
`
`July 3, 2001
`
`December 15, 2000 August 5, 2003
`
`May 31, 1994
`
`June 25, 1996
`
`December 10, 1997 August 31, 1999
`
`May 30, 1997
`
`October 5, 1999
`
`International Pub. No. WO 98/24358
`(“Fenson”)
`
`
`WO
`
`December 2, 1997
`
`June 11, 1998
`
`Title
`
`Date Published
`
`Publisher
`
`“Personal Area Networks (PAN): Near-
`Field Intra-Body Communication”
`
`September 1995
`
`Massachusetts Institute of
`Technology
`
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`Specification of the Bluetooth System
`v1.0 B
`Wideband Local Access: Wireless LAN
`and Wireless ATM
`
`December 1999
`
`October 1997
`
`
`
`System
`
`Expressive Footwear
`
`GE Dash 2000
`
`HP CareVue
`
`Marathon Man
`
`Medtronic health monitoring systems,
`including but not limited to the Reveal
`Insertable Loop Recorder System,
`Instomedix King of Hearts Express, and
`Medtronic Minix (“Medtronic Health
`Monitoring Systems”)
`NASA Biobelt
`
`Polar heart rate monitors (including but
`not limited to the Polar Beat, Favor,
`Fitwatch, Pacer, Edge, Xtrainer Plus,
`Protrainer, Accurex Plus, Vantage, T40,
`Cyclovantage, and Sport Tester series)
`and related health-monitoring systems
`(including but not limited to the Polar PC
`Coach, PC Pro Training Series, Team
`System, Personal Trainer, TriFIT,
`BodyAge, OwnIndex, Precision
`Performance 2.0, OwnZone, HR Analysis
`4.0) (collectively, “Polar Monitoring
`Systems”)
`RoamAbout system
`
`Bluetooth Special Interest
`Group
`Kaveh Pahlavan, Ali
`Zahedi, and Prashant
`Krishnamurthy for IEEE
`Communication Society
`Magazine
`
`Associated Individuals
`or Entities
`
`Dr. Joseph Paradiso and
`the Massachusetts
`Institute of Technology
`GE
`
`HP Labs
`
`Maria Redin and the
`Massachusetts Institute of
`Technology
`Medtronic
`
`NASA
`
`Polar Electro
`
`Publicly known,
`used, or sold by at
`least
`
`1997
`
`1999
`
`1993
`
`1997
`
`1997
`
`1975
`
`1978
`
`1996
`
`DIGITAL
`
`IPR2020-00910
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`

`1998
`
`Welch Allyn
`
`Welch Allyn Health Monitoring system
`including but not limited to the
`Kidder/Acuity ProPar CS, Propaq, Vital
`Signs, and Atlas monitoring systems
`(“Welch Allyn Health Monitoring
`Systems”)
`
`
`2.
`
`Prior art to the ’007 patent
`
`The following prior art patents, publications, and publically disclosed systems are prior
`
`art to the Asserted Claims of the ’007 patent under at least 35 U.S.C. §§ 102(a), (b), (e), (g),
`
`and/or 35 U.S.C. § 103, as indicated in at least the attached charts and prose set forth below.
`
`Patent / Application No.
`
`Country
`
`Filing Date
`
`Issue / Publication
`Date
`February 4, 1997
`
`U.S. Patent No. 5,598,849
`(“Browne”)
`U.S. Patent No. 5,919,239 (“Fraker”) U.S.
`
`U.S.
`
`July 21, 1993
`
`June 28, 1996
`
`July 6, 1999
`
`U.S. Patent No. 6,002,982 (“Fry”)
`
`U.S.
`
`November 1, 1996 December 14, 1999
`
`U.S. Patent No. 6,072,396 (“Gaukel”) U.S.
`
`April 24, 1997
`
`June 6, 2000
`
`U.S.
`
`U.S.
`
`U.S.
`
`U.S. Patent No. 6,198,394
`(“Jacobsen”)
`U.S. Patent No. 5,857,939
`(“Kaufman”)
`U.S. Patent No. 5,767,804
`(“Murphy”)
`U.S. Patent No. 5,976,083
`(“Richardson”)
`U.S. Patent No. 6,959,259 (“Vock
`259”)
`U.S. Patent No. 6,266,623 (“Vock
`623”)
`U.S. Patent No. 6,070,145 (“Pinsley) U.S.
`U.S. Patent No. 6,144,964 (“Breese”) U.S.
`U.S. Patent No. 6,018,343 (“Wang”) U.S.
`
`U.S.
`
`U.S.
`
`U.S.
`
`U.S. Patent No. 6,634,992 (“Ogawa”) U.S.
`
`U.S. Patent No. 5,438,518 (“Bianco”) U.S.
`
`December 5, 1996 March 6, 2001
`
`June 5, 1997
`
`January 12, 1999
`
`June 15, 1995
`
`June 16, 1998
`
`July 30, 1997
`
`November 2, 1999
`
`October 30, 2002 October 25, 2005
`
`June 2, 1997
`
`July 24, 2001
`
`July 12, 1996
`January 22, 1998
`September 27,
`1996
`September 11,
`2000
`January 19, 1994
`
`May 30, 2000
`November 7, 2000
`January 25, 2000
`
`October 21, 2003
`
`August 1, 1995
`
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`U.S.
`
`U.S.
`
`U.S.
`
`U.S. Patent No. 5,470,233
`(“Fruchterman”)
`U.S. Patent No. 5,546,092
`(“Kurokawa”)
`U.S. Patent No. 5,434,789 (“Fraker
`789”)
`U.S. Patent No. 5,422,814
`(“Sprague”)
`U.S. Patent No. 5,646,857
`(“McBurney 857”)
`U.S. Patent No. 5,448,773
`(“McBurney 773”)
`U.S. Patent No. 5,265,025 (“Hirata”) U.S.
`U.S. Patent No. 5,592,173 (“Lau”)
`U.S.
`
`
`U.S.
`
`U.S.
`
`U.S.
`
`March 17, 1994
`
`November 28, 1995
`
`March 15, 1995
`
`August 13, 1996
`
`October 6, 1993
`
`July 18, 1995
`
`October 25, 1993
`
`June 6, 1995
`
`March 31, 1995
`
`July 8, 1997
`
`February 5, 1992
`
`September 5, 1995
`
`July 5, 1991
`July 18, 1994
`
`November 23, 1993
`January 7, 1997
`
`Title
`
`Date Published
`
`Publisher
`
`“Could a satellite-based navigation system
`(GPS) be used to assess the physical
`activity of individuals on earth?”
`(“Schutz”)
`“Touring With a Magic Compass”
`
`
`
`
`1997
`
`1997
`
`A. Schutz and A.
`Chambaz for the
`European Journal of
`Clinical Nutrition
`John Higham for
`Adventure Cyclist
`
`Publicly known,
`used, or sold by at
`least
`
`1997
`
`Associated Individuals
`or Entities
`
`Garmin
`
`1997
`
`1978
`
`Maria Redin and the
`Massachusetts Institute of
`Technology
`Polar Electro Inc.
`
`System
`
`Garmin portable GPS devices, including
`at least the GPS II+, GPS 45, GPS 38,
`GPS 40, GPS 12 XL, GPS Map 175
`(“Garmin portable GPS devices”)
`Marathon Man
`
`Polar heart rate monitors (including but
`not limited to the Polar Beat, Favor,
`Fitwatch, Pacer, Edge, Xtrainer Plus,
`Protrainer, Accurex Plus, Vantage, T40,
`Cyclovantage, and Sport Tester series)
`and related health-monitoring systems
`(including but not limited to the Polar PC
`Coach, PC Pro Training Series, Team
`System, Personal Trainer, TriFIT,
`BodyAge, OwnIndex, Precision
`
`IPR2020-00910
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`

`

`Performance 2.0, OwnZone, HR Analysis
`4.0) (collectively, “Polar Monitoring
`Systems”)
`UltraCOACH
`
`CycleOps eTrainer
`
`Sanyo’s SPT-1000 and SPT-1500
`Sportables cassette players (“Sanyo
`Sportables”)
`Timex Watches, including Ironman
`Triathlon with Data Link, 8-Lap Ironman
`Triathlon, Ironman Triathlon 8-lap Combo
`(“Timex Triathlon Watches”)
`
`
`1995
`
`1995
`
`1991
`
`1997
`
`3.
`
`Prior art to the ’958 patent
`
`FitCentric, Inc.; Web
`Racing, Inc.; UltraCoach
`Saris
`
`Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd.
`
`Timex Group USA
`
`The following prior art patents, publications, and publically disclosed systems are prior
`
`art to the Asserted Claims of the ’958 patent under at least 35 U.S.C. §§ 102(a), (b), (e), (g),
`
`and/or 35 U.S.C. § 103, as indicated in at least the attached charts and prose set forth below.
`
`Patent / Application No.
`
`Country
`
`Filing Date
`
`U.S.
`
`U.S.
`
`U.S.
`
`U.S. Patent No. 6,093,146
`(“Filangeri”)
`U.S. Patent No. 5,772,586
`(“Heinonen”)
`U.S. Patent No. 6,416,471
`(“Kumar”)
`U.S. Patent No. 6,790,178 (“Mault
`178”)
`U.S. Patent No. 6,478,736 (“Mault
`736”)
`U.S. Patent No. 6,014,432
`(“Modney”)
`U.S. Pub. No. 2006/0036134
`(“Tarassenko”)
`U.S. Patent No. 6,519,241
`(“Theimer”)
`U.S. Patent No. 6,544,174
`(“West”)
`U.S. Patent No. 5,857,967 (“Frid”) U.S.
`
`U.S.
`
`U.S.
`
`U.S.
`
`U.S.
`
`U.S.
`
`U.S.
`
`June 5, 1998
`
`Issue /
`Publication Date
`July 25, 2000
`
`February 4, 1997
`
`June 30, 1998
`
`April 15, 1999
`
`July 9, 2002
`
`September 25,
`2000
`October 10, 2000
`
`May 19, 1998
`
`September 14,
`2004
`November 12,
`2002
`January 11, 2000
`
`September 18,
`2003
`October 14, 1998
`
`February 16, 2006
`
`February 11, 2003
`
`May 18, 2001
`
`April 8, 2003
`
`July 9, 1997
`
`January 12, 1999
`
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`EU Patent Application No. EP 0
`970 655 (“Ordonez”)
`U.S. 6,434,403 (“Ausems”)
`
`EU
`
`U.S.
`
`U.S. Patent No. 6,002,982 (“Fry”) U.S.
`
`U.S. Patent No. 5,955,667 (“Fyfe”) U.S.
`
`International Pub. No. WO
`00/78413 (“Delman”)
`International Pub. No. WO
`01/39089 (“Mault 089”)
`International Pub. No. WO
`99/41682 (“Dean”)
`U.S. Patent No. 7,069,552
`(“Lindberg”)
`U.S. 6,587,684 (“Hsu”)
`
`WO
`
`WO
`
`WO
`
`U.S.
`
`U.S.
`
`January 20, 1998
`
`July 23, 1998
`
`February 19, 1999 August 13, 2002
`
`October 14, 1997
`
`November 1, 1996 December 14,
`1999
`September 21,
`1999
`December 28,
`2000
`November 24, 2000 May 31, 2001
`
`June 8, 2000
`
`February 12, 1999 August 19, 1999
`
`May 22, 2002
`
`June 27, 2006
`
`July 28, 1998
`
`July 1, 2003
`
`U.S. Patent No. 6,292,833 (“Liao”) U.S.
`
`July 17, 1998
`
`International Pub. No. WO
`98/02837 (“Altman”)
`International Pub. No. WO
`99/18532 (“Brown 532”)
`International Pub. No. WO
`99/27483 (“Brown 483”)
`
`
`WO
`
`WO
`
`WO
`
`July 11, 1997
`
`September 18,
`2001
`January 22, 1998
`
`October 7, 1998
`
`April 15, 1999
`
`November 19, 1998 June 3, 1999
`
`Title
`
`Date Published
`
`Publisher
`
`ETSI TS 101 356 v7.1.0 (1999-11)
`Technical Specification
`
`
`System
`
`GE Dash 2000
`
`HP CareVue
`
`iFit
`
`1999
`
`GSM
`
`Publicly known,
`used, or sold by at
`least
`
`1999
`
`1993
`
`1989
`
`Associated Individuals
`or Entities
`
`GE
`
`HP Labs
`
`Icon Fitness;
`NordicTrack;
`ProForm;
`FreeMotion Fitness
`
`
`IPR2020-00910
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`Medtronic health monitoring systems,
`including but not limited to the Reveal
`Insertable Loop Recorder System,
`Instomedix King of Hearts Express, and
`Medtronic Minix (“Medtronic Health
`Monitoring Systems”)
`NASA Biobelt
`
`Welch Allyn Health Monitoring system
`including but not limited to the
`Kidder/Acuity ProPar CS, Propaq, Vital
`Signs, and Atlas monitoring systems
`(“Welch Allyn Health Monitoring
`Systems”)
`ProForm Personal Trainer
`
`Palm Pilot internet models, including
`Palm V and Palm VII
`Handspring Visor products, including
`Handspring Visor Solo, Visor Deluxe,
`Visor Prism, Visor Platinum, Visor Edge,
`Visor Neo, and Visor Pro
`Sprint PCS SCH-3500
`
`Qualcomm PDQ 800
`
`Qualcomm PDQ 1900
`
`
`
`1997
`
`Medtronic
`
`1975
`
`1998
`
`1996
`
`February 1999
`
`1999
`
`1999
`
`1998
`
`1998
`
`NASA
`
`Welch Allyn
`
`Icon Fitness;
`ProForm
`
`Palm Computing
`
`Handspring, Inc.
`
`Sprint
`
`Qualcomm
`
`Qualcomm
`
`4.
`
`Prior art to the ’377 patent
`
`The following prior art patents, publications, and publically disclosed systems are prior
`
`art to the Asserted Claims of the ’377 patent under at least 35 U.S.C. §§ 102(a), (b), (e), (g),
`
`and/or 35 U.S.C. § 103, as indicated in at least the attached charts and prose set forth below.
`
`Patent / Application No.
`
`Country
`
`U.S. Patent No. 5,941,837
`(“Amano”)
`U.S. Patent No. 5,474,090
`(“Begun”)
`
`U.S.
`
`U.S.
`
`Filing Date
`
`Issue / Publication
`Date
`December 18, 1996 August 24, 1999
`
`April 19, 1991
`
`December 12, 1995
`
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`

`U.S.
`
`U.S.
`
`WO
`
`WO
`
`U.S.
`
`U.S.
`
`U.S. Patent No. 6,168,563
`(“Brown”)
`U.S. Patent No. 5,598,849
`(“Browne”)
`International Pub. No. WO
`99/41682 (“Dean”)
`International Pub. No. WO
`98/24358 (“Fenson”)
`U.S. Patent No. 6,059,692
`(“Hickman 692”)
`U.S. Patent No. 6,193,631
`(“Hickman 631”)
`U.S. Patent No. 6,820,057 (“Loch”) U.S.
`U.S. Patent No. 6,790,178 (“Mault
`U.S.
`178”)
`U.S. Patent No. 6,478,736 (“Mault
`736”)
`U.S. Patent No. 6,638,198 (“Shea”) U.S.
`
`U.S.
`
`U.S. Patent No. 6,438,393
`(“Suuronen”)
`U.S. 6,519,241 (“Theimer”)
`
`U.S. 6,434,403 (“Ausems”)
`
`U.S. 6,587,684 (“Hsu”)
`
`U.S.
`
`U.S.
`
`U.S.
`
`U.S.
`
`March 17, 1999
`
`January 2, 2001
`
`July 21, 1993
`
`February 4, 1997
`
`February 12, 1999 August 19, 1999
`
`December 2, 1997
`
`June 11, 1998
`
`December 13, 1996 May 9, 2000
`
`March 22, 1999
`
`February 27, 2001
`
`May 28, 1999
`September 25,
`2000
`October 10, 2000
`
`November 16, 2004
`September 14, 2004
`
`November 12, 2002
`
`November 15,
`1999
`June 18, 1999
`
`October 28, 2003
`
`August 20, 2002
`
`October 14, 1998
`
`February 11, 2003
`
`February 19, 1999 August 13, 2002
`
`July 28, 1998
`
`July 1, 2003
`
`U.S. Patent No. 6,292,833 (“Liao”) U.S.
`
`July 17, 1998
`
`September 18, 2001
`
`WO
`
`International Pub. No. WO
`98/02837 (“Altman”)
`International Pub. No. WO
`99/18532 (“Brown 532”)
`International Pub. No. WO
`99/27483 (“Brown 483”)
`U.S. Patent No. 6,002,982 (“Fry”) U.S.
`
`WO
`
`WO
`
`July 11, 1997
`
`January 22, 1998
`
`October 7, 1998
`
`April 15, 1999
`
`November 19,
`1998
`November 1, 1996 December 14, 1999
`
`June 3, 1999
`
`U.S. Patent No. 5,955,667 (“Fyfe”) U.S.
`
`October 14, 1997
`
`September 21, 1999
`
`International Pub. No. WO
`00/78413 (“Delman”)
`International Pub. No. WO
`01/39089 (“Mault 089”)
`International Pub. No. WO
`99/41682 (“Dean”)
`
`WO
`
`WO
`
`WO
`
`June 8, 2000
`
`December 28, 2000
`
`November 24,
`2000
`February 12, 1999 August 19, 1999
`
`May 31, 2001
`
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`U.S. Patent No. 7,069,552
`(“Lindberg”)
`
`
`U.S.
`
`May 22, 2002
`
`June 27, 2006
`
`Title
`
`Date Published
`
`Publisher
`
`ETSI TS 101 356 v7.1.0 (1999-11)
`Technical Specification
`
`
`System
`
`Marathon Man
`
`iFit
`
`ProForm Personal Trainer
`
`Sprint PCS SCH-3500
`
`Qualcomm PDQ 800
`
`Qualcomm PDQ 1900
`
`UltraCOACH
`
`CycleOps eTrainer
`
`
`
`1999
`
`GSM
`
`Publicly known,
`used, or sold by at
`least
`
`1997
`
`1989
`
`1996
`
`1999
`
`1998
`
`1998
`
`1995
`
`1995
`
`Associated Individuals
`or Entities
`
`Maria Redin and the
`Massachusetts Institute of
`Technology
`Icon Fitness;
`NordicTrack;
`ProForm;
`FreeMotion Fitness
`Icon Fitness;
`ProForm
`Sprint
`
`Qualcomm
`
`Qualcomm
`
`FitCentric, Inc.; Web
`Racing, Inc.; UltraCoach
`Saris
`
`Obviousness
`
`B.
`Subject to its reservation of rights, in the event that any identified art should be found not
`
`to anticipate the Asserted Claims, Fitbit discloses the following combinations of references as
`
`invalidating the Asserted Patents. Fitbit identifies combinations and motivations to combine
`
`based on references grouped by subject matter, in the manner approved by courts applying the
`
`Norther District of California Patent Local Rules regarding invalidity contentions. See, e.g.,
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`Avago Techs. Gen IP PTE Ltd. v. Elan Micro. Corp., No. C04-05385 JW (HRL), 2007 U.S. Dist.
`
`LEXIS 97464, at *10-11 (N.D. Cal. Mar. 28, 2007) (organizing prior art references into “groups”
`
`and identifying combinations as a set of references “and/or” another set of references); Keithley
`
`v. The Homestore.com, Inc., 553 F. Supp. 2d 1148, 1150 (N.D. Cal. 2008) (following Avago –
`
`“defendants’ grouping method is permissible under the Local Rules”); see also Multimedia
`
`Patent Trust v. Apple Inc., No. 3:10-cv-02618-H-KSC, 2012 WL 12868250, at *3 (S.D. Cal.
`
`Nov. 5, 2012); High Point Sarl v. Sprint Nextel Corp., No. 09-2269-CM, 2011 U.S. Dist. LEXIS
`
`111158, at *29-30 (D. Kan. Sept. 28, 2011).
`
`1.
`
`’233 patent
`
`a.
`
`Obviousness grounds
`
`Fitbit identifies at least the following grounds that render the Asserted Claims of the ’233
`
`patent obvious:
`
`1
`
`2
`
`3
`
`4
`
`Avitall, alone or in combination with one or more of any of the: “Short-
`Range Bi-Directional Wireless Communications Module” references, “Security
`Mechanism” references, “Sensing Body or Physiological Parameters”
`references, “Bluetooth” references, “Central Communications Base Station”
`references, “Location Determination Module” references, and/or “Powering
`Up/Down a Communications Module” references
`Bauman, alone or in combination with one or more of any of the: “Short-
`Range Bi-Directional Wireless Communications Module” references, “Security
`Mechanism” references, “Sensing Body or Physiological Parameters”
`references, “Bluetooth” references, “Central Communications Base Station”
`references, “Location Determination Module” references, and/or “Powering
`Up/Down a Communications Module” references
`Duffin, alone or in combination with one or more of any of the: “Short-
`Range Bi-Directional Wireless Communications Module” references, “Security
`Mechanism” references, “Sensing Body or Physiological Parameters”
`references, “Bluetooth” references, “Central Communications Base Station”
`references, “Location Determination Module” references, and/or “Powering
`Up/Down a Communications Module” references
`Geva, alone or in combination with one or more of any of the: “Short-Range
`Bi-Directional Wireless Communications Module” references, “Security
`Mechanism” references, “Sensing Body or Physiological Parameters”
`references, “Bluetooth” references, “Central Communications Base Station”
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`references, “Location Determination Module” references, and/or “Powering
`Up/Down a Communications Module” references
`Gabai, alone or in combination with one or more of any of the: “Short-Range
`Bi-Directional Wireless Communications Module” references, “Security
`Mechanism” references, “Sensing Body or Physiological Parameters”
`references, “Bluetooth” references, “Central Communications Base Station”
`references, “Location Determination Module” references, and/or “Powering
`Up/Down a Communications Module” references
`Ishikawa, alone or in combination with one or more of any of the: “Short-
`Range Bi-Directional Wireless Communications Module” reference, “Security
`Mechanism” references, “Sensing Body or Physiological Parameters”
`references, “Bluetooth” references, “Central Communications Base Station”
`references, “Location Determination Module” references, and/or “Powering
`Up/Down a Communications Module” references
`Jacobsen, alone or in combination with one or more of any of the: “Short-
`Range Bi-Directional Wireless Communications Module” reference, “Security
`Mechanism” references, “Sensing Body or Physiological Parameters”
`references, “Bluetooth” references, “Central Communications Base Station”
`references, “Location Determination Module” references, and/or “Powering
`Up/Down a Communications Module” references
`Reber 451, alone or in combination with one or more of any of the: “Short-
`Range Bi-Directional Wireless Communications Module” reference, “Security
`Mechanism” references, “Sensing Body or Physiological Parameters”
`references, “Bluetooth” references, “Central Communications Base Station”
`references, “Location Determination Module” references, and/or “Powering
`Up/Down a Communications Module” references
`Reber 632, alone or in combination with one or more of any of the: “Short-
`Range Bi-Directional Wireless Communications Module” reference, “Security
`Mechanism” references, “Sensing Body or Physiological Parameters”
`references, “Bluetooth” references, “Central Communications Base Station”
`references, “Location Determination Module” references, and/or “Powering
`Up/Down a Communications Module” references
`Say, alone or in combination with one or more of any of the: “Short-Range
`Bi-Directional Wireless Communications Module” reference, “Security
`Mechanism” references, “Sensing Body or Physiological Parameters”
`references, “Bluetooth” references, “Central Communications Base Station”
`references, “Location Determination Module” references, and/or “Powering
`Up/Down a Communications Module” references
`Zimmerman, alone or in combination with one or more of any of the:
`“Short-Range Bi-Directional Wireless Communications Module” reference,
`“Security Mechanism” references, “Sensing Body or Physiological Parameters”
`references, “Bluetooth” references, “Central Communications Base Station”
`references, “Location Determination Module” references, and/or “Powering
`Up/Down a Communications Module” references
`Expressive Footwear, alone or in combination with one or more of any of
`the: “Short-Range Bi-Directional Wireless Communications Module” reference,
`
`5
`
`6
`
`7
`
`8
`
`9
`
`10
`
`11
`
`12
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`“Security Mechanism” references, “Sensing Body or Physiological Parameters”
`references, “Bluetooth” references, “Central Communications Base Station”
`references, “Location Determination Module” references, and/or “Powering
`Up/Down a Communications Module” references
`13 GE Dash 2000, alone or in combination with one or more of any of the:
`“Short-Range Bi-Directional Wireless Communications Module” reference,
`“Security Mechanism” references, “Sensing Body or Physiological Parameters”
`references, “Bluetooth” references, “Central Communications Base Station”
`references, “Location Determination Module” references, and/or “Powering
`Up/Down a Communications Module” references
`14 HP CareVue, alone or in combination with one or more of any of the:
`“Short-Range Bi-Directional Wireless Communications Module” reference,
`“Security Mechanism” references, “Sensing Body or Physiological Parameters”
`references, “Bluetooth” references, “Central Communications Base Station”
`references, “Location Determination Module” references, and/or “Powering
`Up/Down a Communications Module” references
`15 Marathon Man, alone or in combination with one or more of any of the:
`“Short-Range Bi-Directional Wireless Communications Module” reference,
`“Security Mechanism” references, “Sensing Body or Physiological Parameters”
`references, “Bluetooth” references, “Central Communications Base Station”
`references, “Location Determination Module” references, and/or “Powering
`Up/Down a Communications Module” references
`16 Medtronic Health Monitoring Systems, alone or in combination with one or
`more of any of the: “Short-Range Bi-Directional Wireless Communications
`Module” reference, “Security Mechanism” references, “Sensing Body or
`Physiological Parameters” references, “Bluetooth” references, “Central
`Communications Base Station” references, “Location Determination Module”
`references, and/or “Powering Up/Down a Communications Module” references
`17 NASA Biobelt, alone or in combination with one or more of any of the:
`“Short-Range Bi-Directional Wireless Communications Module” reference,
`“Security Mechanism” references, “Sensing Body or Physiological Parameters”
`references, “Bluetooth” references, “Central Communications Base Station”
`references, “Location Determination Module” references, and/or “Powering
`Up/Down a Communications Module” references
`Polar Monitoring Systems, alone or in combination with one or more of any
`of the: “Short-Range Bi-Directional Wireless Communications Module”
`reference, “Security Mechanism” references, “Sensing Body or Physiological
`Parameters” references, “Bluetooth” references, “Central Communications Base
`Station” references, “Location Determination Module” references, and/or
`“Powering Up/Down a Communications Module” references
`19 Welch Allyn Health Monitoring Systems, alone or in combination with one
`or more of any of the: “Short-Range Bi-Directional Wireless Communications
`Module” reference, “Security Mechanism” references, “Sensing Body or
`Physiological Parameters” references, “Bluetooth” references, “Central
`Communications Base Station” references, “Location Determination Module”
`references, and/or “Powering Up/Down a Communications Module” references
`
`18
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`
`
`b.
`
`Rationales for obvious combinations
`
`(1)
`
` “Short-Range Bi-Directional Wireless Communications”
`references
`
`The asserted claims of the ’233 patent recite limitations related to “short-range bi-
`
`directional wireless communications.” The ’233 patent does not purport that using short-range
`
`bi-directional wireless communications was novel or non-obvious. And, as the attached claim
`
`charts demonstrate, short-range bi-directional wireless communications were not novel or non-
`
`obvious over the prior art. For example, short-range bi-directional wireless communications are
`
`disclosed or suggested in at least Avitall, Baumann, Duffin, Expressive Footwear, Gabai, Geva,
`
`GE Dash 2000, HP CareVue, Ishikawa, Jacobsen, Marathon Man, Medtronic Health Monitoring
`
`Systems, Reber 451, Reber 632, Say, Welch Allyn Health Monitoring Systems, and Zimmerman.
`
`A POSITA at the time would have been motivated to utilize short-range bi-directional
`
`wireless communications in a sensor device system because it would have involved the
`
`combination of prior art elements according to know methods to yield predictable results, a
`
`simple substitu