`Box Provisional Application
`Assistant Commissioner for Patents
`Washington DC 20231
`
`!
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`PTO/SB£;i1~
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`EXPRESS MAIL NO.EL273420914US
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`PROVISIONAL APPLICATION COVER SHEET
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`Docket Number
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`945.014PRV
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`Type a plus sign ( +)
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`INVENTOR(s)/APPLICANT(s)
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`This is a request for filing a PROVISIONAL APPLICATION under 37 C.F.R. 1.53 (b) (2).
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`Name (last, first, middle initial)
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`RESIDENCE (CITY, AND EITHER STATE OR FOREIGN COUNTRY)
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`Menard, Raymond J.
`Quady, Curtis E.
`
`Bloomington, Mmnesota
`Bloomington, Minnesota
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`BIDIRECTIONAL WIRELESS DETECTION SYSTEM
`
`TITLE OF THE INVENTION (280 characters max)
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`CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS
`
`Schwegman, Lundberg, Woessner & KJuth
`P. 0. Box 2938
`Mmneapolis, Minnesota 55402
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`I ZIP CODE I 55402
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`Attn• Tin-,c.tlw J;' U,e-el.,
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`COUNTRY I United States of America
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`' t STATE I Minnesota
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`XXX
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`Spec1ficat1on
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`Drawing(s)
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`ENCLOSED APPLICATION PARTS (check all that apply)
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`and any add1t1onal required fees or credit overpayment to Deposit Account Number 12.::
`lWl3.
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`XXX
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`PROVISIONAL
`FILING FEE
`AMOUNT
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`' The invention was made by an agency of the United States Government or under a contract with an agency of the United States Government.
`..XXX..
`No.
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`Yes, the name of the U.S. Government agency and the Government contract number are:
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`IJmothy E Bianchi
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`Date _
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`__.M_,....,ay~25.,_,_.J ..... 22.L..2,__ _ _
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`REGISTRATION NO. _3 .... 2 ... 6~J~Q'----
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`_ Additional inventors a e bemg named on separately numbered sheets attached hereto.
`PROVISIONAL APPLICATION FILING ONLY
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`IPR2020-00910
`Garmin, et al. EX1014 Page 1
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`IN THE 11NITE0 sTATEs PATENT AISD TRADEMARK omCE !t / pp.__ a V
`
`In re PROVISIONAL Patent Application of: Raymond J. Menard et al.
`
`Title:
`
`BIDIRECTIONAL WIRELESS DETECTION SYSTEM
`
`Docket No.:
`
`945.014PRV
`
`BOX PROVISIONAL APPLICATION
`As~tant Commissioner for Patents
`c:::::,-\0
`-~io1-11ington, D.C. 20231
`c..n
`0
`"°;:;
`are transmitting herewith the following attached items (as indicated with an "X"):
`c..n . . .
`~ - !'1 A PROVISIONAL Patent Application comprising:
`=- ~ X
`Sqecification ( !i!f pgs, including claims numbered _l_ through fl/ and a _l_ page Abstract).
`iiililiii o X
`Sheet(s) of drawing(s).
`X
`Provisional Application Cover Sheet (1 page) including authorization to charge the provisional application filing
`fee to Deposit Account No. 19-0743.
`X A return postcard.
`
`Please charge any additional required fees or credit overpayment to Deposit Account No. 19-0743.
`
`'~SCHWEGMAN, LUNDBERG, WOESSNER & KLUTH, P A
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`r.O. Box 2938, Minneapolis, MN 55402 (612-373-6900)
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`rrcERTIFICATE UNDER 37 CFR 1 10:
`tJ
`"Express Mail" mailing label number: EI,2734209 l 4lJS
`Date of Deposit: May 25, l 999
`C hereby certify that this paper or fee is being deposited with the United States Postal Service "Express Mail Post Office to Addressee"
`'"
`
`service under 3 7 CFR 1.10 on the date indicated above and is addressed to the Assistant Commissioner for Patents, Attn: BOX
`PROVISIONAL APPLICATION, Was~C. 20231.
`
`·
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`By. ~
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`Name:
`
`imoth E. Bianchi
`(NEW FILING)
`
`IPR2020-00910
`Garmin, et al. EX1014 Page 2
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`
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`Provisional Patent Application
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`Attorney Docket 00945.014PRV
`Express Mail No. EL273420914US
`
`Bidirectional Wireless Detection System
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`Field of the Invention
`
`The present invention relates generally to security, alarm or detection systems and
`wireless systems; and in particular to a bidirectional wireless detection system.
`
`Background
`
`The provision of a security alarm detection system generally requires several
`components and a rather complex installation. Consequently, most detection systems
`require professional installation and setup.
`Some of the current designs try to integrate many or all of the components and
`devices in a single enclosure or case. However, much of the complexity and cost remains
`since most of the devices and components are still in use.
`Occasionally a detection system actuates automatic systems such as fire
`suppression or equipment shutdown, but in order for a detection system to be effective it
`usually must summon help. One approach for summoning help is to annunciate a local
`alarm that attracts attention. Another is to use a recorded message that is called to a list of
`phone numbers. Yet another is to use a professional central station monitoring service that
`receives data signals from the premise. As alarms, false alarms, and the indifference of
`neighbors increases, voluntary response to an alarm sound has virtually vanished. Hence
`local alarm annunciation is ineffective for garnering assistance. Indeed, the sound of an
`alarm has come to be perceived more as a nuisance and annoyance than a cause for
`attention. In a similar fashion, recorded messages are outlawed in a large number of 911
`emergency dispatch centers and counting on reaching someone at home is not reliable. In
`addition, false alarms make recorded messages an irritation, especially since they are
`designed to repeat. So recorded messages are likewise considered ineffective. This leaves
`the use of a professional monitoring service which is inherently expensive and so many
`properties are left completely unprotected.
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`As a result, very low market penetration exists for reasons associated with current
`design. These include, but are not limited to, the requirement for professional design, the
`requirement for professional installation, and the requirement for professional monitoring.
`These three reasons make even so called "do-it-yourself' systems relatively poor sellers
`and even several major consumer electronic companies such as Magnavox, Zenith, Radio
`Shack and others have had little success or outright failure with an over the counter, table(cid:173)
`top type product.
`Furthermore, for correct installation of a standard security system to a telephone
`network, some tabletop models require a special phone jack (RJ-3 lX) installed at the
`correct location (before any premise equipment is connected to the line) to assure the
`availability of the phone line. This may require installation by a telephone company or
`other professional. In addition, services on the user's line can interfere with successful
`alarm transmission, with touch tone service, call waiting, and in the future, X-DSL services
`making the connection even more complex.
`A related problem is found in the user's interface with the detection system. In a
`typical system, the user interacts with the detection system through a device generally
`known as a keypad. The current keypad designs do not allow the user to roam broadly and
`the telephone line connection - does not provide for messages to
`one long-range design
`user that are initiated by the system, instead the user independently calls into the system to
`retrieve messages or interact with the system. Although some alarm systems in use today
`can initiate a page to a person's pager, this still does not allow the user to exercise
`command and control functions in return. There is no single device that allows long-range,
`bidirectional communication and control of an alarm system.
`What is needed in the art is an improved detection system that is friendly to a
`mobile user, that is easy to install, that is truly portable, and that is inexpensive, without the
`high costs associated with professional design, expert installation, and monitoring services.
`
`One skilled in the art will readily recognize that the embodiments described solve
`all of these problems and many more not mentioned expressly herein.
`
`Summary
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`In one embodiment, the detection system provides, among other things, a personal
`control panel and a portable detection unit which may be used independently or with a
`bidirectional communications network for short range and long range control panel and
`alarm monitoring and control functions. Several variations are provided including cellular,
`paging, satellite, narrowband PCS, narrowband trunked radio, and other communications
`systems with conventional and nonconventional protocols.
`In one embodiment, the present detection system provides, among other things, the
`replacement of any or all of the user interface, transmission system, and control panel as
`listed above, through the use of a long-range, two-way, wireless communication device
`such as a two-way pager. Accordingly, a person who owns a two-way pager or related
`device, may, for a much lower cost than is customary, own a detection system by
`incorporating only an additional paging/detection device as described herein. This
`embodiment of the system has the advantages, including, but not limited to, simple
`installation, highly secure built-in signal transmission, long range wireless user interface
`and long range system status annunciation. Currently, many detection systems
`communicate with a central station that manages the response function. However, this
`embodiment of the present system offers yet another advantage by communicating direct to
`the system owner who may then select the desired response. In one embodiment, the direct
`communications are optional so that the owner may select the central station approach or
`the direct approach without the services of a central station. Thus, the present system
`provides, among other things, instant and affordable protection for a wide variety of
`applications such as construction sites, vehicles, motel rooms, apartments, and small
`residential and commercial properties.
`Furthermore, in one embodiment, the system incorporates low power components
`to provide the additional advantage of being able to operate solely on battery power for
`extended periods of time and not just as an emergency/temporary backup.
`Thus, the present system, in various embodiments, offers advantages over a
`standard detection system which include, but are not limited to: low cost; easy,
`instantaneous installation by an ordinary consumer; reliable communications without
`connection to or interruption of the site telephone lines; long range control by the user;
`long range communication of alarm conditions and other signals to a user; long range
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`wireless communication to a central station included instead of as an option; no necessity
`to connect to a central station with its attendant monthly costs, if the user desires to
`monitor their system themselves; and, no need for a permanent power supply. Thus, the
`system and its various embodiments offers a portable detection system that can provide
`protection for a variety of applications including, but not limited to, homes and businesses,
`and to applications without power or phone lines like vehicles and construction sites.
`This summary is intended to provide a brief overview of some of the embodiments
`of the present system, and is not intended in an exclusive or exhaustive sense, and the
`scope of the invention is to be determined by the attached claims and their equivalents.
`
`Description of the Drawings
`
`FIG. 1 is a diagram demonstrating operation of a personal control panel and
`portable detection unit according to one embodiment of the present system.
`FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a portable detector unit according to one embodiment
`
`of the present system.
`FIG. 3A is a block diagram of a communications module according to one
`
`embodiment of the present system.
`FIG. 3B is a block diagram of a communications module according to one
`
`embodiment of the present system.
`FIG. 3C is a block diagram of a communications module according to one
`
`embodiment of the present system.
`FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a personal control panel according to one embodiment
`
`of the present system.
`FIG. 5 is a diagram showing various communication modes of different
`components of one detection system according to one embodiment of the present system.
`FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a user controlling their detection system from a
`distance, according to one embodiment of the present system.
`FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing the components of a basic security system,
`
`according to one embodiment of the present system.
`FIG. 8 is a flow chart showing the passing and processing of messages from the
`
`detection system to remote users.
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`FIG. 9 is a table depicting a sample message splitting or parsing strategy for parsing
`messages using the short message feature ofReFLEX™ (a Motorola Trademark) networks.
`
`Detailed System Description
`
`This detailed description provides a number of different embodiments of the
`present system. The embodiments provided herein are not intended in an exclusive or
`limited sense, and variations may exist in organization, dimension, hardware, software,
`mechanical design and configuration without departing from the claimed invention, the
`scope of which is provided by the attached claims and equivalents thereof.
`The present system provides many benefits, including but not limited to, low cost,
`easy installation, limited power requirements and wireless operation and signal
`transmission. Many other benefits will be appreciated by those skilled in the art upon
`reading and understanding the present description.
`U.S. provisional patent application ser. no. 60/098,392, filed Aug. 29, 1998; U.S.
`provisional patent application ser. no. 60/098,270 filed Aug. 28, 1998; and U.S.
`provisional patent application ser. no. 60/105,493 filed October 23, 1998 are all hereby
`incorporated by reference in their entirety.
`FIG. 1 shows one example of a premises 30, such as a house, garage, yard,
`warehouse, vehicle or any location or structure intended for detection monitoring. A
`Portable Detection Unit 20 (''PDU 20") is located in or on the premises 30 for detection of
`one or more events. Detection of events and status of the PDU 20 is communicated to
`Personal Control Panel 10 ("PCP 1 O"). PCP 10 is shown "off premises" but may be used
`"on premises" as well. The PCP 10 is useful for monitoring the condition of the PDU 20
`and for reception of detected events. PCP 10 is also useful for, among other things,
`transmitting information to PDU 20 for the purposes of either arming the PDU 20,
`disarming PDU 20, and/or cancelling an alarm deemed false by the user of PCP 10. In one
`embodiment, PCP 10 and PDU 20 communicate using a short range communication device
`which may be dedicated for such communications and which also may include a limited
`range, such as approximately that of the premises. Other short range embodiments are
`possible without departing from the present system. In one embodiment, PCP 10 and PDU
`
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`Garmin, et al. EX1014 Page 7
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`20 communicate using a combination of short range communications and long range
`communications, depending on the distance of PCP 10 from PDU 20. In yet another
`embodiment, PCP 10 and PDU 20 communicate using a long range communication
`system, even if the communications are conducted in proximity. Such a system
`incorporates an existing wireless communications network, such as a cellular network,
`satellite network, paging network, narrowband PCS, narrowband trunk radio, or other
`narrowband communication network. Combinations of such networks and other
`embodiments may be substituted without departing from the present system.
`FIG. 2 shows one embodiment of a PDU 20 which includes a communications
`module 200, a control 202, one or more detectors 204, and power 206. In one embodiment
`PDU 20 is a self powered detector capable of communications with a PCP 10 in one
`embodiment, a wireless communications network (not shown in FIG. 2) in another
`embodiment, or both a PCP 10 and a wireless communications network in yet another
`embodiment. Other embodiments and combinations are possible without departing from
`the present system.
`In the PDU 20 shown in FIG. 2, there is a detector 204 which detects events,
`including, but not limited to, motion detection, temperature detection, water detection,
`vibration detection, breakage detection, smoke detection, carbon monoxide detection, and
`proximity detection. Other detectors or combinations of detectors may be used without
`departing from the present system. In various embodiments, control 202 coordinates
`communications between the communications module 200 and the outside world ( such as
`PCP 10 or a wireless communication network, for example). Control 202 may also process
`instructions received by communications module 202 regarding arming the PDU 20,
`disarming PDU 20, and cancellation of alarms, to name a few operations. With control
`202, several operations may be performed using multiple detectors.
`In one embodiment the PDU 20 is self powered. In one embodiment the PDU 20 is
`powered using an auxiliary power supply. In one embodiment the PDU 20 is charged
`using an auxiliary power supply.
`FIG. 3A, FIG. 3B and FIG. 3C demonstrate a variety of short range and long range
`communications modules 200 in various embodiment examples. For instance, in FIG. 3A,
`the communication modules 200 includes a short range module, such as a bidirectional
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`short range communication system with a network module. The network module may be
`used either for long range communications over a wireless communications network or for
`short range communications where the network is also used. Such a system may include
`programmable or automatically selecting electronics to decide whether to conduct
`communications between the PDU 20 and the outside world using the short range module
`or the network module. In one embodiment the system may employ different portions of
`the network to provide short range, intermediate range, or long range network connections,
`depending on the distance between the PDU and any receiving component of the system,
`such as PCP or central station. In one such embodiment, the network automatically adjusts
`for different required transmission distances.
`In one embodiment, the network module is a cellular communications module. In
`one embodiment, the network module is a paging module, for example, a two-way paging
`module. In one embodiment the network module is a satellite module. In one embodiment
`the network module is a narrowband PCS module. In one embodiment the network
`module is a narrowband trunk radio module. Other modules are possible without departing
`from the present system. In one embodiment, the network module supports multiple
`network systems, such as a cellular module and a two-way paging module, for example. In
`such embodiments, the system may prefer one form of network communications over
`another and may switch depending on a variety of factors such as available service, signal
`strength, or types of communications being supported. For example, the cellular module
`may be used as a default and the paging module may take over once cellular service is
`either weak or otherwise unavailable. Other permutations are possible without departing
`
`from the present system.
`FIG. 3B shows an embodiment including a network module. The variations in
`embodiments of network modules and uses of each described above apply here as well.
`FIG. 3C shows an embodiment where a short range communications module is
`used for conducting communications between the PDU 20 and the outside world. Any
`conventional and nonconventional bidirectional short range communications may be
`employed for short range communications.
`FIG. 4 shows a block diagram of one embodiment of a PCP 10 having
`communications module 400, control 402, VO 404 and power 406. In one embodiment,
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`the PCP 10 has a counterpart communications module to PDU 20 so that the
`communications are possible using the same communication means. For example, if PDU
`20 has a network module and a short range module, as shown in FIG. 3A, then PCP 10, in
`this embodiment, includes a network module and a short range module, capable of
`supporting bidirectional communications between PDU 20, PCP 10, and possibly a
`wireless communication network. In other embodiments, the PCP 10 need not have
`counterpart communications modules 400 to those in PDU 20.
`Control 402 of PCP 10 is used to coordinate instructions entered on I/0 404 for
`transmission to the PDU 20 using communication module 400. In one embodiment 1/0
`404 is a keypad for entering instructions with a display for viewing status information. In
`one embodiment an audio indicator is used to signal a detected event. In one embodiment
`a visual indicator is used to signal a detected event. In one embodiment separate indicators
`
`are provided for a plurality of detection functions.
`In one embodiment, the power supply of PCP 406 is used to power the device. In
`one embodiment, the PCP 10 is powered using an auxiliary power supply. In one
`embodiment the PCP 10 is charged using an auxiliary power supply.
`FIG. 5 is a diagram demonstrating different communication modes possible with
`the present system according to one embodiment. In this figure PDU 501 at premises A
`may communicate over a wireless communication network 530 to transceive signals
`relating to detected events with central station 540 or PCP 512. If PCP 512 is in range for
`short range communications, then PCP 512 may receive signals directly from a PDU, such
`as PDU 502 shown at premises Bin FIG. 5. PCP 512 may also communicate with other
`PDUs and with other PCPs, such as PCP 513. In FIG 5 the communications between PCP
`512 and PCP 513 are not shown over network 530, however, such communications are
`possible in various embodiments of the present system.
`In one embodiment wireless communication network 530 is a cellular telephone
`network. In another embodiment wireless communication network 530 is a two-way
`paging network. In one embodiment wireless communication network 530 is a satellite
`network. In one embodiment wireless communication network 530 is a narrowband PCS
`network. In one embodiment wireless communication network 530 is a narrowband trunk
`radio network. The symbol for wireless communication network 530 is not intended to be
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`limited to literally a single communication tower and may include a plurality of such
`towers and associated wired telephone, ISDN, fiber optic, and other communications
`infrastructures in various combinations. Such systems may employ conventional or
`specialized protocols without departing from the present system. For example,
`MOTOROLA Corporation has introduced two way paging protocols such as ReFLEX 25
`and ReFLEX 50. Other protocols and wireless communication networks may be employed
`without departing from the present system.
`
`SECURITY
`In the situation where alarms are provided for detected events, the central station
`540 may receive such alarms and process them for dispatch assistance 550 from emergency
`personnel. In one embodiment, false alarms may be identified and cancelled prior to
`transmission to the central station by an operator of a PCP, such as PCP 512 or PCP 513.
`Systems for alarm cancellation and monitoring are provided in this disclosure and in the
`patent applications incorporated by reference herein.
`In embodiments for security detection, the security industry has developed
`numerous types of detection devices for monitoring many types of conditions. These
`detection devices feature an output which changes state upon detection of the event being
`monitored by the device.
`One embodiment of the present system uses the output of such detection devices
`and connects them as an input signal for a two-way, long-range, wireless communicator
`such as one employing narrowband PCS (two-way paging), cell phone type transmitter,
`PCS, cellemetry, or other similar device. The detection devices include, but are not limited
`to, motion detectors, door switches, water sensors, smoke detectors, temperature sensors,
`or a loop(s) of detection devices to detect a condition or occurrence and provide an output.
`The outputs may be signaled by changes in voltages, impedance, current, magnetic field,
`electromagnetic energy such as radio frequency signals, infrared signals or optical signals,
`and audible or other forms of mechanical energy. The outputs may be direct changes of
`state, analog, or digital in form. Several embodiments are possible, and the examples given
`herein are not intended in a limiting or restrictive sense.
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`The present system, in several embodiments, provides the signals from the
`detection devices to the two-way, long-range, wireless communicator instead of connecting
`them to a security alarm control system.
`
`In one embodiment, the detection system incorporates on-site, a long-range two(cid:173)
`way wireless communication devices which are compatible for communications with a
`
`two-way wireless communication device that is carried by the system user. The system
`user then utilizes their communication device to control and receive messages from the
`detection system. In one embodiment, the on-site communication device may trigger local
`annunciators like horns or flashing lights.
`
`FIG. 6. shows one embodiment of a detection system wherein a motion detector
`located in a home is connected to a two-way communications device, such as one
`employing two-way paging communication capabilities, according to one embodiment of
`the present detection system. The motion detector provides a signal to the two-way pager
`when detecting motion. The two-way pager transmits a signal over the paging network to
`the owner anywhere in the paging network. In one embodiment, if the person carries a two(cid:173)
`way pager, then the person may elect to perform a function in response to the detected
`event, for example to disarm the detector by providing the proper command to the motion
`detector over the two-way paging network. Other embodiments are possible without
`departing from the present system and a number of functions may be supported by various
`embodiments of the present detection system.
`
`FIG. 7 shows a block diagram of a detection system according to one embodiment
`of the present system. The block diagram shows the relationship between the
`communication module 710 and the detector 720 in PDU 770. The two way pager 760
`may serve as the PCP in this system. It can be used to monitor alarms, disarm the system
`and to cancel false alarms, among other things. The system provides for optional
`transmission to other destinations 750, which may be accomplished over a wireless
`bidirectional communication network, among other things.
`
`Wireless Network
`
`The wireless network employed may be any consumer or proprietary network
`designed to serve users in range of the detection system, including, but not limited to, a
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`cellular network such as analog or digital cellular systems employing such protocols and
`
`designs as PCS, CDMA, TDMA, Cellemetry; a paging network such as those employing
`
`FLEX™ or POCSAG TM type technologies; other data networks such as RAMNET™ or
`
`Ardis TM; proprietary special design networks such as Alarmnet TM or Procom TM; or
`
`proprietary wireless networks.
`
`In one embodiment the detection system incorporates ReFLEX™ (a Motorola TM
`
`trademark) 25 or 50 narrow band PCS products and services (types of wireless
`
`technologies used for 2-way pagers). The advantage to this type of technology is that it
`
`requires low power consumption for devices, has inexpensive devices, and provides
`
`flexible 2-way communication.
`
`Communication/Detection Device
`
`In one embodiment, a pager-like device, such as a device employing pager or other
`
`2-way long range wireless communication capabilities, is connected to one or more
`
`detection devices including, but not limited to, motion detectors and smoke detectors. The
`
`interface between these devices is designed to function with industry detection devices
`
`using for example, but not limited to, small control relays or voltage triggers, or a standard
`communication protocol like RS-232, or built as a single integrated circuit with a detection
`
`device and thus requiring no external interface. The relay/voltage trigger embodiment
`
`provides a design that can be easily adapted to a wide array of existing detection devices or
`
`a circuit loop of devices. The integrated circuit embodiment provides a low net cost if the
`
`device is produced in large quantities.
`
`In one embodiment the 2-way pager device located at the protected location is a
`
`CreataLink TM as manufactured by Motorola company. These are a series of intelligence
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`enhanced 2-way narrowband PCS modems operating with ReFLEX 25 or ReFLEX 50
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`protocols. These products are being constantly upgraded and currently being manufactured
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`as CreataLink2; soon to be manufactured as CreataLink2XLT. The CreataLink device may
`be incorporated with other sensors and control circuitry as needed to provide one verison of
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`a PDU. The CreataLink devices may be modified and adapted for use with detectors and
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`other bidirectional wireless network communication modules, as provided in herein.
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`' 1
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`User Device
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`In one embodiment, the users are in two-way communication with their detection
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`system via a wireless means in order to provide the highest assurance of contact wherever
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`the user may be. This allows the user to be informed of detected events and to control the
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`detection system from in, nearby, or distant from the protected location.
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`The user device may be of several different designs. For example, in one
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`embodiment it may be a standard pager or other one-way wireless device. This would
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`function satisfactorily for a user needing only annunciation of a detected condition and
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`requiring no interactive capability with the detecting portion of the system.
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`In another embodiment, the user device may be a "response messaging" capable
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`two way pager. This is service where a two way pager receives a message and optional
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`multiple-choice responses. The user can select the appropriate responses. Such a design
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`may be adapted to provide basic control options related to the detection system and any
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`central station monitoring.
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`In another embodiment, the user device may be a programmable two-way paging
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`device such as the Motorola Page Writer TM 2000 (literature is attached). This is a class of
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`device that acts as both a two-way pager and a handheld computer also known as a PDA
`(Personal Digital Assistant).
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`In another embodiment, the user device may be a cellular telephone. The user
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`device and the protected location device may communicate of compatible design may
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`communicate with each other through the use of touch tones, digital information, voice
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`messaging, or cellemetry technologies. The cell phone may be analog or digital in any of
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`the various technologies employed by the cell phone industry such as PCS, or CDMA, or
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`TDMA, or others. The cell phone may have programmable capability such as is found in a
`Nokia TM 9000 series of devices.
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`In embodiments where the user employs standard or adapted paging or cell phones,
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`security passwords may be entered by using numeric or other keys on a phone. In the
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`embodiment of a pager, a distinct order of pressing certain keys could provide the
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`equivalent of a security code. For example, 3 short and 1 long on a certain key; or once on
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`key 'a', once on key 'b', and once more on key 'a'.
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`l 1
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`• }.
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`In another embodiment, the user device may be a handheld computer. Many PDAs
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`offer programmable capability and connectivity to various types oflong-range wireless
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`networks. Another example of this type of device is the PalmPilot TM series of devices
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`manu