(19) United States
`(12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2010/0144391 A1
`
`
` Chang et a]. (43) Pub. Date: Jun. 10, 2010
`
`US 20100144391A1
`
`(54)
`
`INTEGRATED TOUCH PANEL FOR A TFT
`DISPLAY
`
`(76)
`
`Inventors:
`
`.
`Shih Chang Chang, Cupertino, CA
`(US); John 55- Zhong, Cllpertino,
`CA (US)
`
`Correspondence Address:
`APPLE C/O MORRISON AND FOERSTER9LLP
`LOS ANGELES
`555 WEST FIFTH STREET SUITE 3500
`,1 L.11444L,4
`.-
`L
`I ()s‘ ANCEI FS‘
`(4A 90013 1024 (US)
`
`(21) APPL N05
`
`123153869
`
`(22)
`
`Filed:
`
`Dec. 5, 2008
`
`Publication Classification
`
`(51)
`
`Int. C1.
`(2006.01)
`[1048 1/38
`(2006.01)
`G06F 3/041
`(2006.01)
`G02F [/1343
`(52) US. Cl. .......................... 455/566; 345/173; 349/187
`(57)
`ABSTRACT
`This relates to displays for Which the use of dual function
`capacitive elements does not result in any decreases of the
`aperture of the display. Thus, touch sensitive displays that
`have aperture ratios that are no worse than similar non—touch
`sensing displays can be manufactured. More specifically, this
`relates to placing touch sensing opaque elements so as to
`ensure that they are substantially overlapped by display
`related opaque elements, thus ensuring that the addition ofthe
`touch sensing elements does not substantially reduce the
`aperture ratio. The touch sensing display elements can be. for
`example, common lines that connect various capacitive ele-
`ments that are configured to operate collectively as an ele—
`ment of the touch sensing system.
`
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`RESP_0003814
`
`Petitioner Samsung Ex-1042, 0001
`
`

`

`Patent Application Publication
`
`Jun. 10, 2010 Sheet 1 of 65
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`US 2010/0144391 A1
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`
`

`

`Patent Application Publication
`
`Jun. 10, 2010 Sheet 2 0f 65
`
`US 2010/0144391 A1
`
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`LCD Driver VCOM Durin LCD Mode, Then
`During Touch Mode Uses t e 25 Independently
`to Perform Multi—Touch Sensing
`
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`
`Petitioner Samsung EX-1042, 0003
`RESP_0003816
`
`Petitioner Samsung Ex-1042, 0003
`
`

`

`Patent Application Publication
`
`Jun. 10, 2010 Sheet 3 0f 65
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`US 2010/0144391 A1
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`Patent Application Publication
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`Jun. 10, 2010 Sheet 4 of 65
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`Jun. 10, 2010 Sheet 5 of 65
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`US 2010/0144391 A1
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`Patent Application Publication
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`Jun. 10, 2010 Sheet 6 of 65
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`Patent Application Publication
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`Jun. 10, 2010 Sheet 7 of 65
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`US 2010/0144391 A1
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`Patent Application Publication
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`Jun. 10, 2010 Sheet 8 of 65
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`US 2010/0144391 A1
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`atent Application Publication
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`Jun. 10, 2010 Sheet 9 0f 65
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`US 2010/0144391
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`Patent Application Publication
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`Jun. 10, 2010 Sheet 10 of 65
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`US 2010/0144391 A1
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`Patent Application Publication
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`Jun. 10, 2010 Sheet 11 of 65
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`US 2010/0144391 A1
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`Jun. 10, 2010 Sheet 12 0f 65
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`US 2010/0144391 A1
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`Patent Application Publication
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`Jun. 10, 2010 Sheet 13 of 65
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`Patent Application Publication
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`Jun. 10, 2010 Sheet 14 of 65
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`Patent Application Publication
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`Jun. 10, 2010 Sheet 15 of 65
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`Patent Application Publication
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`Jun. 10, 2010 Sheet 16 of 65
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`US 2010/0144391 A1
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`Patent Application Publication
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`Jun. 10, 2010 Sheet 17 of 65
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`US 2010/0144391 A1
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`Patent Application Publication
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`Jun. 10, 2010 Sheet 18 of 65
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`US 2010/0144391 A1
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`Patent Application Publication
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`Jun. 10, 2010 Sheet 19 of 65
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`Jun. 10, 2010 Sheet 20 of 65
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`Jun. 10, 2010 Sheet 21 of 65
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`Patent Application Publication
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`Jun. 10, 2010 Sheet 22 of 65
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`US 2010/0144391 A1
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`Patent Application Publication
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`Jun. 10, 2010 Sheet 23 of 65
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`US 2010/0144391 A1
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`Patent Application Publication
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`Jun. 10, 2010 Sheet 24 of 65
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`US 2010/0144391 A1
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`Patent Application Publication
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`Jun. 10, 2010 Sheet 25 of 65
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`Patent Application Publication
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`Jun. 10, 2010 Sheet 26 of 65
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`US 2010/0144391 A1
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`

`

`Patent Application Publication
`
`Jun. 10, 2010 Sheet 27 of 65
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`US 2010/0144391 A1
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`RESP_0003841
`
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`
`

`

`Patent Application Publication
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`Jun. 10, 2010 Sheet 28 of 65
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`US 2010/0144391 A1
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` 756
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`RESP_0003842
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`

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`Patent Application Publication
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`Jun. 10, 2010 Sheet 29 of 65
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`US 2010/0144391 A1
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`

`

`Patent Application Publication
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`Jun. 10, 2010 Sheet 30 of 65
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`US 2010/0144391 A1
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`Patent Application Publication
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`Jun. 10, 2010 Sheet 31 of 65
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`Patent Application Publication
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`Jun. 10, 2010 Sheet 32 of 65
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`US 2010/0144391 A1
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`Pttttt Application Publication
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`Jun. 10, 2010 Sheet 33 0f 65
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`US 2010/0144391 A1
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`Patent Application Publication
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`Jun. 10, 2010 Sheet 34 of 65
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`Jun. 10, 2010 Sheet 36 of 65
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`Patent Application Publication
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`Jun. 10, 2010 Sheet 37 of 65
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`Patent Application Publication
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`Jun. 10, 2010 Sheet 38 of 65
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`Jun. 10, 2010 Sheet 39 of 65
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`Patent Application Publication
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`Jun. 10, 2010 Sheet 40 of 65
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`US 2010/0144391 A1
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`Petitioner Samsung Ex-1042, 0041
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`Patent Application Publication
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`Jun. 10, 2010 Sheet 41 of 65
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`Patent Application Publication
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`Jun. 10, 2010 Sheet 42 of 65
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`Jun. 10, 2010 Sheet 43 of 65
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`Patent Application Publication
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`Jun. 10, 2010 Sheet 44 of 65
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`Patent Application Publication
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`Jun. 10, 2010 Sheet 45 0f 65
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`Patent Application Publication
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`Jun. 10, 2010 Sheet 46 0f 65
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`Patent Application Publication
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`Jun. 10, 2010 Sheet 47 0f 65
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`US 2010/0144391 A1
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`Petitioner Samsung Ex-1042, 0048
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`Patent Application Publication
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`Jun. 10, 2010 Sheet 48 of 65
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`US 2010/0144391 A1
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`Petitioner Samsung Ex-1042, 0049
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`Patent Application Publication
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`Jun. 10, 2010 Sheet 49 of 65
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`US 2010/0144391 A1
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`Patent Application Publication
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`Jun. 10, 2010 Sheet 50 of 65
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`US 2010/0144391 A1
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`Patent Application Publication
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`Jun. 10, 2010 Sheet 51 of 65
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`US 2010/0144391 A1
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`Patent Application Publication
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`Jun. 10, 2010 Sheet 52 of 65
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`Patent Application Publication
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`Jun. 10, 2010 Sheet 53 of 65
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`Patent Application Publication
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`Jun. 10, 2010 Sheet 54 of 65
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`US 2010/0144391 A1
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`Patent Application Publication
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`Jun. 10, 2010 Sheet 55 of 65
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`US 2010/0144391 A1
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`Jun. 10, 2010 Sheet 57 of 65
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`Patent Application Publication
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`Jun. 10, 2010 Sheet 58 of 65
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`Patent Application Publication
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`Jun. 10, 2010 Sheet 61 of 65
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`Patent Application Publication
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`Jun. 10, 2010 Sheet 62 of 65
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`Patent Application Publication
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`Jun. 10, 2010 Sheet 63 of 65
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`Petitioner Samsung Ex-1042, 0064
`RESP_0003877
`
`Petitioner Samsung Ex-1042, 0064
`
`

`

`Patent Application Publication
`
`Jun. 10, 2010 Sheet 64 0f 65
`
`US 2010/0144391 A1
`
`
`
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`
`Petitioner Samsung Ex-1042, 0065
`RESP_0003878
`
`Petitioner Samsung Ex-1042, 0065
`
`

`

`Patent Application Publication
`
`Jun. 10, 2010 Sheet 65 0f 65
`
`US 2010/0144391 A1
`
`lebHe
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`6936
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`
`Petitioner Samsung Ex-1042, 0066
`RESP_0003879
`
`Petitioner Samsung Ex-1042, 0066
`
`

`

`US 2010/0144391A1
`
`Jun. 10, 2010
`
`INTEGRATED TOUCH PANEL FORA TFT
`DISPLAY
`
`FIELD OF THE INVENTION
`
`[0001] This relates generally to multi-touch sensing dis-
`plays, and more specifically to combining multi-touch sens-
`ing functionality and LCD display lunctionality.
`
`BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
`
`[0002] Many types of input devices are presently available
`for performing operations in a computing system, such as
`buttons or keys, mice, trackballs, joysticks, touch sensor pan-
`els, touch screens and the like. Touch screens, in particular,
`are becoming increasingly popular because of their ease and
`versatility of operation as well as their declining price. Touch
`screens can include a touch sensor panel, which can be a clear
`panel with a touch-sensitive surface, and a display device
`such as a liquid crystal display (LCD) that can be positioned
`partially or fully behind the panel so that the touch—sensitive
`surface can cover at least a portion ofthe viewable area of the
`display device. Touch screens can allow a user to perform
`various functions by touching the touch sensor panel using a
`finger, stylus or other object at a location dictated by a user
`interface HII) being displayed by the display device. In gen-
`eral, touch screens can recognize a touch event and the posi-
`tion of the touch event on the touch sensor panel, and the
`computing system can then interpret the touch event in accor-
`dance with the display appearing at the time of the touch
`event, and thereafter can perform one or more actions based
`on the touch event.
`
`[0003] Multi-touch screens or multi—touch panels are a fur-
`ther development oftouch screens. These allow for the device
`to sense multiple touch events at a time. More specifically, a
`multi—touch panel can allow a device to sense the outlines of
`all fingers or other objects that are touching the panel at a
`given time. Thus, while a single touch panel may only sense
`a single location that is being touched, a multi-touch panel
`can provided an entire “touch graphic” which indicates the
`status (touched or not touched) ofa plurality oftouchpixels at
`the panel.
`[0004] An exemplary multi-touch enabled display is dis-
`closed by U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/649,998 filed on
`Jan. 3, 2007, entitled “PROXIMITY AND MULTI-TOUCH
`SENSOR DETECTION AND DEMODULATION”, Pub.
`No. 2008/()1 581 72 which is hereby incorporated by reference
`herein in its entirety for all purposes. Early multi—touch dis—
`plays required manufacturing of a multi-touch sensing panel
`and a separate display panel. The two panels can later be
`laminated together to form a multi-touch display. Later gen-
`erations of the technology provided for combining the display
`and multi-touch functionality in order to reduce power con-
`sumption, make the multi-touch display thinner, reduce costs
`of manufacturing, improve brightness, etc. Examples of such
`integrated multi-touch displays are disclosed by U.S. appli-
`cation Ser. No. 1 1/818,422 filed on Jun. 13, 2007 and entitled
`“INTEGRATED IN-PLANE SWITCHING”, and US. appli-
`cation Ser. No. 12/240,964, filed on Jul. 3, 2008 and entitled
`“DISPLAY WITH DUAL—FUNCTION CAPACITIVE ELE—
`
`MENTS,” both of which are incorporate by reference herein
`in their entireties for all purposes.
`[0005] However, some of the schemes for integration can
`require placing some additional non-transparent elements in
`the thin film transistor (TFT) layer of the display. Such addi-
`
`tional non-transparent elements can reduce the aperture ofthe
`display (the aperture being the portion of the display that
`actually transmits light). Reduction of the aperture can cause
`reduction of the brightness of the display as well as a reduc-
`tion in the viewable angle of the display.
`
`SUMMARY OF THE. INVENTION
`
`[0006] This relates to displays including pixels with dual-
`function capacitive elements. Specifically, these dual-func-
`tion capacitive elements form part of the display system that
`generates an image on the display, and also form part of a
`touch sensing system that senses touch events on or near the
`display. The capacitive elements can be, for example, capaci—
`tors in pixels of an LCD display that are configured to operate
`individually, each as a pixel storage capacitor, or electrode, of
`a pixel in the display system, and are also configured to
`operate collectively as elements of the touch sensing system.
`In this way, for example, a display with integrated touch
`sensing capability may be manufactured using fewer parts
`and/or processing steps, and the display itselfmay be thinner
`and brighter.
`[0007]
`Furthermore, this relates to displays for which the
`use of dual function capacitive elements does not result in any
`decreases of the aperture of the display. Thus, touch sensitive
`displays that have aperture ratios that are no worse than simi-
`lar non-touch sensing displays can be manufactured. More
`specifically, this relates to placing touch sensing opaque ele-
`ments so as to ensure that they are substantially overlapped by
`display related opaque elements, thus ensuring that the addi—
`tion of the touch sensing elements does not substantially
`reduce the aperture ratio. The touch sensing display elements
`can be, for example, common lines that connect various
`capacitive elements that are configured to operate collectively
`as an element of the touch sensing system.
`
`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
`
`FIG. 1 illustrates a partial circuit diagram of an
`[0008]
`example LCD display including a plurality of LCD pixels
`according to embodiments of the present invention.
`[0009]
`FIGS. 2A and 2B illustrate example regions formed
`by breaks in vertical and horizontal common voltage lines
`according to embodiments of the invention.
`[0010]
`FIG. 3 illustrates partial circuit diagrams of a pixel
`301 of a drive region and a pixel 303 of an example sense
`region.
`FIG. 4A illustrates example signals applied to the
`[0011]
`pixels of a drive region during an LCD phase and during a
`touch phase according to embodiments of the invention.
`[0012]
`FIG. 4B illustrates example signals applied to the
`pixels of a sense region during an LCD phase and during a
`touch phase according to embodiments of the invention.
`[0013]
`FIG. 5A illustrates details of an example operation
`of a storage capacitor of a drive region during a touch phase
`according to embodiments of the invention. FIG. 5B illus-
`trates details ofan example operation of a storage capacitor of
`a sense region during a touch phase according to embodi-
`ments of the invention.
`
`FIG. 6A illustrates a partial View of an example
`[0014]
`touch screen having regions of pixels with dual—function
`capacitive elements that operate as LCD elements and as
`touch sensors according to embodiments of the invention.
`
`Petitioner Samsung Ex-1042, 0067
`RESP_0003880
`
`Petitioner Samsung Ex-1042, 0067
`
`

`

`US 2010/0144391A1
`
`Jun. 10,2010
`
`FIG. 6B illustrates a partial view of an example
`[0015]
`touch screen including metal traces rumiing in the border
`areas of the touch screen according to embodiments of the
`invention.
`
`FIG. 6C illustrates an example connection of col-
`[0016]
`umns and row patches to the metal traces in the border area of
`the touch screen according to embodiments of the invention.
`[0017]
`FIG. 7 illustrates a top view of an example column
`and adjacent row patches according to embodiments of the
`invention.
`
`FIG. 8A is an example plot of an x-coordinate of a
`[0018]
`linger touch versus mutual capacitance seen at a touch pixel
`for a two adjacent touch pixels in a single row having wide
`spacings according to embodiments of the invention.
`[0019]
`FIG. 8B is an example plot of an x—coordinate of a
`finger touch versus mutual capacitance seen at a touch pixel
`for two adjacent touch pixels in a single row having wide
`spacings where spatial
`interpolation has been provided
`according to embodiments of the invention.
`[0020]
`FIG. 8C illustrates a top view ol'an example column
`and adjacent row patch pattern useful for larger touch pixel
`spacings according to embodiments of the invention.
`[0021]
`FIG. 9A illustrates an example touch screen includ-
`ing sense (or drive) regions formed as columns and rows of
`polygonal regions (bricks) according to embodiments of the
`invention.
`
`FIG. 9B illustrates a close—up view ol'a portion of
`[0022]
`the example touch screen of FIG. 9A.
`[0023]
`FIG. 9C illustrates a portion of example touch
`screen of FIG. 9A including bricks associated with columns
`C0 and C1 and connecting chom lines connecting the bricks
`to bus lines according to embodiments of the invention.
`[0024]
`FIG. 10 illustrates a portion of example zig-zag
`double interpolated touch screen that can further reduce the
`stray capacitance between the connecting chom lines and
`the sense regions according to embodiments ofthe invention.
`[0025]
`FIG. 11 illustrates a patterning of a first metal layer
`(Ml) of pixels in an example electrically controlled birefrin-
`gence (ECB) LCD display using amorphous silicon (a—Si)
`according to embodiments of the invention.
`[0026]
`FIG. 12 illustrates a patterning step in which island
`patterns of a-Si are formed in the example ECB LCD display
`using a—Si according to embodiments of the invention.
`[0027]
`FIG. 13 illustrates connections formed in a pixel in
`the example ECB LCD display using a—Si according to
`embodiments of the invention.
`
`FIG. 14 illustrates patterning ofa second metal layer
`[0028]
`(M2) of pixels in the example ECB LCD display using a—Si
`according to embodiments of the invention.
`[0029]
`FIG. 15 illustrates planarization (PLN) contact lay-
`ers in the example ECB LCD display using a-Si according to
`embodiments of the invention.
`
`FIG. 16 illustrates reflector (REF) layers in the
`[0030]
`example ECB LCD display using a-Si according to embodi-
`ments of the invention.
`
`FIG. 17 illustrates passivation (PASS) contacts in
`[0031]
`the example ECB LCD display using a-Si according to
`embodiments of the invention.
`
`FIG. 19 illustrates a plan view ofcompleted pixels in
`[0033]
`the example ECB LCD display using a-Si according to
`embodiments of the invention.
`
`FIGS. 20A-D illustrate side views ofcompleted pix-
`[0034]
`els in the example ECB LCD display using a—Si according to
`embodiments of the invention.
`
`FIGS. 21 and 22 illustrat