F V E N T H
`SEVENTH EDITION
`
`DIUIQNARY
`r
`ELEGRONKS
`
`RUDOLF r. GRAF O
`
`PACT - Ex. 2014.0001
`
`

`

`MODERN
`DICTIONARY
`of
`ELECTRONICS
`
`SEVENTH EDITION
`
`REVISED AND UPDATED
`
`PACT - Ex. 2014.0002
`
`

`

`Rudolf F. Graf is an author whose name is well-known to engineers, technicians, and hobbyists
`around the world. He graduated as an electronics engineer from Brooklyn Polytechnic Institute
`and did his graduate work New York University. Mr. Graf has been active in the electronics
`industry for more than fifty years in capacities ranging from design and consulting engineer, chief
`engineer, chief instructor at electronics and television schools, and consulting editor. He also
`held various sales and marketing positions. h4r. Graf is the author or co-author of more than 150
`technical articles published by major magazines. He has written about 50 books on electricity and
`electronics, with more than 2 million copies in print, including the best-selling Kdeo Scrambling
`& Descrambling for Satellite & Cable TV, Second Edition and the Circuits series of books, both
`published by Newnes. A number of his books have been translated into several European languages
`as well as Chinese, Japanese, and Russian.
`
`PACT - Ex. 2014.0003
`
`

`

`MODERN
`DICTIONARY
`of
`ELECTRONICS
`
`SEVENTH EDITION
`
`REVISED AND UPDATED
`
`Rudolf F. Graf
`
`Boston Oxford Auckland
`
`Johannesburg Melbourne New Delhi
`
`PACT - Ex. 2014.0004
`
`

`

`Newnes is an imprint of Butterworth-Heinemann.
`
`Copyright 0 1999 by Rudolf F. Graf
`
`-&A
`
`member of the Reed Elsevier Group.
`
`All rights reserved.
`
`No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted
`in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise,
`without the prior written permission of the publisher.
`
`Recognizing the importance of preserving what has been written, Butterworth-Heinemann
`prints its books on acid-free paper whenever possible.
`
`* * > l l i r \ F O l r l T I
`
`Butterworth-Heinemann supports the efforts of American Forests and the Global
`GLBBAL- ReLeaf program in its campaign for the betterment of trees,
`forests, and our environment.
`
`Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
`
`Graf, Rudolf F.
`Modem dictionary of electronics / Rudolf F. Graf.-7th
`revised and updated.
`p.
`cm.
`ISBN 0-7506-9866-7 (alk. paper)
`1. Electronics -Dictionaries.
`I. Title
`TK7804.G67 1999
`621.38 1 '03 - dc21
`
`ed.,
`
`99-17889
`CIP
`
`British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
`A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
`
`The publisher offers special discounts on bulk orders of this book.
`For information, please contact:
`Manager of Special Sales
`Butterworth-Heinemann
`225 Wildwood Avenue
`Wobm, MA 01801-2041
`Tel: 781-904-2500
`Fax: 78 1-904-2620
`
`For information on all Butterworth-Heinemann publications available, contact
`our World Wide Web home page at: http://www.bh.com
`
`1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
`
`Typeset by Laser Words, Madras, India
`Printed in the United States of America
`
`PACT - Ex. 2014.0005
`
`

`

`181
`dedicated - 1. To set apart for some special use. For
`example, a dedicated microprocessor is one that has been
`specifically programmed for a single application, such as
`weight measurement by scale, traffic light control, etc.
`(ROMs by their very nature [read-only] are dedicated
`memories.) 2. A piece of equipment that is assigned
`to one particular use only. Minicomputers are often
`dedicated. Microprocessors are intended to be dedicated.
`dedicated computer-A
`computer whose use is
`reserved for a particular task.
`dedicated h e - 1 . A communication line that
`isn’t dialed, also called a leased or private line. 2. A
`communication line for voice and/or data rented from a
`communication carrier. 3. Full-term line allocated to one
`subscriber at a specific degree of conditioning. 4. Leased
`line, wir’ed directly between communicating systems. It
`has faster transmission than regular telephone lines and
`does not require acoustic couplers (types of modems).
`5. A permanent circuit for private use. The leased line
`physically connected between locations, or through a
`central office, without using the switching equipment.
`6. A very common type of transmission facility for data
`communications. Each line is separate from the dial-up
`network (DDD) and its associated equipment and has a
`discrete, permanent path to its destination. Users pay a
`flat monihly fee for this service. 7. A telephone line that
`has a continuous connection, maintained by the telephone
`company.
`dedicated machine-A
`PC or other microcom-
`puter designed to handle a special, usually single, task.
`A dedicated server PC could only be used to service user
`requests, not as both server and workstation.
`dedicated register-A
`register in a computer
`exclusively used to contain a specific item.
`dee -- .A hollow, D-shaped accelerating electrode in a
`cyclotron.
`dee line-A
`structural member that supports the
`dee of a cyclotron and together with the dee forms the
`resonant circuit.
`h a s i s - Also called postemphasis or poste-
`qualization. 1. Introduction of a frequency-response
`characteristic that is complementary to that introduced
`in preemphasis. 2. Reduction of the level of the higher
`audio frequencies during FM reception or tape replay so
`that they compensate for the preemphasis applied to the
`transmission. This restores an overall uniform response.
`3. A form of equalization used in FM turners, complemen-
`tary ‘SO a preemphasis used in transmission. The purpose
`is to improve the overall signal-to-noise ratio while main-
`taining a uniform frequency response. It is expressed in
`the form of a time constant or product of a resistance and
`capacitance. Standard FM broadcasts use a 75-p time con-
`stant in ithe United States, and 50 ps in Europe, whereas
`Dolby B txansmissions use a 25-ys time constant.
`deerriphasis network-A
`network inserted into a
`system t j ~ restore the preemphasized frequency spectrum
`to its original form.
`deenergize- 1. To disconnect a device from its
`power source. 2. To stop the current in a circuit or to
`remove electrical potential from a circuit, as by opening
`a switch.
`deep discharge-The withdrawal of all available
`eleclrical energy before recharging a cell or battery.
`deep space net-A
`combination of radar and
`communications stations in the United States, Australia,
`and South Africa so located as to keep a spacecraft in
`deep space under observation at all times.
`default-The value($) or option(s) that are assumed
`during operation when not specified.
`default value-The
`value that a database element
`assumes if the user does not specify another value.
`
`dedicated - deflection plates
`d e f e a t - The frustration, counteraction, or thwarting
`of an alarm device so that it fails to signal an alarm
`when a protected area is entered. Defeat includes both
`circumvention and spoofing.
`defect - 1. A condition considered potentially haz-
`ardous or operationally unsatisfactory and therefore
`requiring attention. 2. Any nonconformance with the nor-
`mally accepted characteristics for a unit. See also major
`defect; minor defect.
`process of examining tech-
`d e f e c t analysis-The
`nical or management (nontechnical) data, manufacturing
`techniques, or material to determine the cause of varia-
`tions of electrical, mechanical, or physical characteristics
`outside the limitations established at any manufacturing
`checkpoint.
`defect condition -Hole
`conduction in the valence
`band in a semiconductor.
`Defense Electronic Supply Center-See DESC.
`deferred addressing - An
`indirect addressing
`mode in which the directly addressed location contains
`the address of the operand, rather than the operand itself.
`deferred entry-In
`a computer, an entry into B
`subroutine as a result of a deferred exit from the program
`that passes control to the subroutine.
`deferred exit -In a computer, the transfer of control
`to a subroutine at a time controlled by the occurrence of
`an asynchronous event rather than at a predictable time
`defibrillator- An electronic device that applies a
`brief high-voltage potential to the heart by means of
`electrodes placed on the chest wall. The defibrillator is
`used to restore regular rhythm to a heart in ventricular
`fibrillation.
`definite-purpose relay-A
`relay with some elec-
`trical or mechanical feature that distinguishes it from a
`general-purpose relay.
`definition - 1. The fidelity with which the detail of
`an image is reproduced. When the image is sharp (Le., has
`definite lines and boundaries), the definition is said to be
`good. 2. The degree with which a communication system
`reproduces sound images or messages. 3. The fidelity with
`which the pattern edges in a printed circuit (conductors,
`inductors, etc.) are reproduced relative to the original
`master pattern. 4. The sharpness of a picture subjectively
`evaluated in terms of its resolution. 5. The sharpness of a
`screen-printed pattern; the exactness with which a pattern
`is printed.
`inductor used to produce a
`deflecting coil-An
`magnetic field that will bend the electron beam a desired
`amount in the cathode-ray tube of an oscilloscope, tele-
`vision receiver, or television camera.
`deflecting electrode- An electrode to which a
`potential is applied in order to deflect an electron beam.
`deflecting torque --See
`torque of an instrument.
`deflection-Movement
`of the electron beam in a
`cathode-ray tube as electromagnetic or electrostatic fields
`are varied to cause the light spot to traverse the face of
`the tube in a predetermined pattern.
`deflection circuit --The
`circuit that regulates an
`electron beam’s deflection in a CRT.
`deflection coil-One
`of the coils in the deflection
`yoke.
`deflection factor --See deflection sensitivity.
`deflection focusing -The progressive defocusing
`of a cathode-ray-tube display image that occurs when the
`deflected electron beam impinges on the CRT screen at a
`slant.
`plane perpendicular to the
`deflection plane-A
`cathode-ray-tube axis and containing the deflection center.
`deflection plates -Two pairs of parallel electrodes,
`the pairs set one forward of the other and at right angles
`to each other, parallel to the axis of the electron stream
`
`PACT - Ex. 2014.0006
`
`