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`Apple Inc.
`Ex. 1022 - Page 1
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`Apple Inc.
`Ex. 1022 - Page 1
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`

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`70/060.INN
`
`PTO/SB/17 (10-03)
`Approved for use through 07/31/2006. OMB 0651-0032
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`AppleInc.
`Ex. 1022 - Page 2
`
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`Apple Inc.
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`

`

`Peer-to-Peer Mobile Instant Messaging Method and Device
`
`Cross Referenceto Related Applications
`
`This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application No. 10/817,994,filed
`April 4, 2004.
`
`Field of the Invention
`
`10
`
`The present invention relates generally to messaging techniques for mobile devices, and
`more specifically, a technique to establish peer-to-peer session-based instant messaging ("IM")
`communications among mobile devices without the needfor IM registration.
`
`15
`
`Backgroundofthe Invention
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`Current instant messaging ("IM") technologies depend upon a registration system to
`enable end users to communicate with one another. For example, to establish an IM session on
`AOL's Instant Messenger ("AIM"), each participating end user must have registered with AOL and
`mustlog into an AIM serverin order to use the service. This registration system createsa virtual
`networkof registered users and the value to a newuserin joining an IM service is directly related
`to the numberof existing users already registered on the service. As more users register to use
`an IM service, the value of the IM service to registered users increases since registered users will
`be able establish IM sessions with an increasing numberof users. Known as a "network effect,"
`this phenomenon causesa further tipping effect, which is the natural tendencyfor few (or even a
`single) IM services to pull away from their competitors once they have gained aninitial edge by
`registering a critical mass of users. This tipping effect tends to occur rapidly and stems,in part,
`from users’ inclination to gravitate towards the IM services that they expect will be become
`dominant. This tipping effect gives Proprietary IM services such as AIM, Microsoft's .NET
`MessengerService, and Yahoo! Messenger, that have achieved a large network of registered
`users, a strong barrier to entry into the IM market. As such, proprietary IM services may be
`reluctant to provide interoperability to other less established IM services since providing such
`access could cannibalize their competitive network advantage.
`From a technical perspective, the registration system usedin IM servicesis necessary to
`provide presence capabilities.
`In order to establish an IM session, an end user must be
`registered with the IM service so that the end user can log into the service's IM server, which
`broadcasts the end user's availability to engage in IM sessions to an authorized group of the end
`user's peers that haveaiso registered and logged into the IM server. The IM serveralso similarly
`provides the enduserwithalist of registered peersthat are available to engage in an IM session.
`40
`When end users engage in IM sessions over a traditional connected network environment,
`presence capabilities are a critical characteristic of an IM service because such capabilities are
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`needed to provide an end user's peers with sufficient presence information (i.e., IP address and
`port number) in order to locate the end user within the network and establish a connection
`between the end user and a peerfor an IM session. Furthermore, logging into an IM server also
`enables an end userto indicate whether or not he or sheis physically present(e.g., sitting in front
`of a networked workstation or in front of a laptop that is connected the network) and willing to
`engagein an IM session.
`However,
`IM services for mobile devices, such as smartphones, appear to have less a
`need for presence capabilities. Unlike establishing an IM session on a laptop, desktop or
`workstation, where the end user must broadcasthis or her availability and presence information
`on the network whenheorsheis physically sitting in front of the laptop, desktop or workstation,
`establishing an IM session on a mobile device does not suffer from the same presence issues
`because the end user is presumedto be Carrying the mobile device at all times. So long as the
`mobile device has enough contactinformation (e.g., cellular telephone number, PIN number,etc.)
`to directly communicate with other mobile devices through the underlying wireless network
`technology (e.g., cellular technology, etc.), an IM session could beinitiated and established in a
`mannersimilar to making and answering mobile phonecalls without the need for registering with
`or logging into an IM serverin order to broadcast presence information to other end users for IM
`purposes.
`Furthermore, unlike IM services in a traditional connected network environment,
`successful end user adoption of an IM service between mobile devices would not suffer from
`reliance upon establishing a critical mass of end users through a registration system.
`In contrast,
`such an IM service would beinstantly usable to any andall end users of mobile devices so long
`as such mobile devices are already capable of directly communicating with other mobile devices
`through the underlying wireless mobile technology without needing further presence information
`(e.g., cellular phonesdirectly communicating with other cellular phones throughcellular telephone
`numbers). As such, what is needed is a method to establish IM sessions directly between mobile
`devices, where such mobile devices are capable of directly communicating with other mobile
`devices through the underlying wireless technology, such that no IM registration or log-in serveris
`neededto provide presence information to other mobile devicesfor IM purposes.
`
`Summary of the Invention
`
`The present invention provides a method for establishing a peer-to-peer session-based
`IM communications between mobile devices over a digital mobile network system that supports
`data packet-based communications. Under the present invention, no IM registration or IM log-in
`server need be used to provide presence information.
`Instead, a mobile device initiating an IM
`session opensa listening port defined by an underlying data packet based network protocol. The
`initiating mobile device sends an invitation message containing the network address,
`including
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`the listening port,-of the initiating device to a target mobile device through a page-mode
`messaging service supported by the digital mobile network system. Theinitiating mobile device
`further utilizes and incorporates a unique identification number (e.g.,
`telephone number, PIN
`number, etc.) associated with the target mobile device into the invitation message to locate and
`contact the target mobile device within the wireless mobile network. Alternatively, the invitation
`message may be embedded in the telephony ringing signal sent to the target mobile device.
`Once the initiating mobile device receives a response from the target mobile device at the
`listening port, the two mobile devices are able to establish a reliable virtual connection through
`the underlying data packet-based network protocol in order to exchange text messagesdirectly
`between the two mobile devices through a session-based communication.
`
`Brief Description of the Drawings
`
`FIGURE 1 depicts a diagram of an environment for establishing an IM session in
`accordance with the present invention betweena first mobile device and a second mobile device
`in a GSM mobile network system supporting GPRS as a data packet-based communications
`service, SMS as a text messaging service, and TCP/IP as an underlying data packet based
`networkprotocol.
`
`FIGURE 2 depicts a flow chart for a first embodiment for establishing a peer-to-peer
`session-based IM system in accordance with the presentinvention.
`
`FIGURE 3 depicts a flow chart for a second embodiment for establishing a peer-to-peer
`session-based IM system in accordance with the presentinvention.
`
`Detailed Description of the Invention
`
`Figure 1 depicts one environmentto deploy an embodiment of the presentinvention. As
`depicted, the underlying digital mobile network system in this environmentis the Global System
`for Mobile communications (GSM) 100 standard. Under the GSM standard, each of the mobile
`devices 105 and 110 includes a Subscriber Information Module (SIM) card that contains unique
`identification information that enables the GSM system to locate the mobile devices within the
`network and route data to them. A current commercial example of a mobile device (e.g.,
`smartphone, PDA, handheld,etc.) that might be used in Figure 1 could be Research In Motion’s
`(RIM) BlackBerry handheld devices, which includes a QWERTY keyboardto facilitate the typing .
`of text. As depicted, a GSMarchitecture includes the following components: base transceiver
`stations (BTS) 115 and base station controllers (BSC)
`(120A or 120B) for managing the
`transmission of radio signals between the MSC (defined below) and the mobile devices, mobile
`service-switching centers (MSC) (125A and 125B) for performing the all switching functions and
`controlling calls to and from other telephone and data systems, a homelocation register (HLR)
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`130 for containing all the administrative, routing and location information of each subscriber
`registered in the network, visitor location registers (VLR) (135A and 135B)for containing selected
`administrative information about subscribers registered in one HLR whoare roaming in a another
`HLR, and an equipmentidentity register (EIR) (not shown) for containing a list of all valid mobile
`equipmenton the network). As depictedin Figure 1, in one architecture of a GSM network, there
`may be exist one HLR while there may exist multiple MSCs (each with a related VLR) which each
`serves a different geographic area. The MSCsalso provide the interface for the GSM network to
`more traditional voice networks 170 such as the PSTN. This underlying GSM architecture
`provides radio resources management (e.g., access, paging and handover procedures, etc.),
`mobility management
`(e.g.,
`location
`updating,
`authentication and security,
`etc.),
`and
`communication management(e.g., call routing, etc.) in order to enable mobile devices in the
`GSM network to send and receive data through a. variety of services,
`including the Short
`Message Service (SMS), an asynchronous bi-directional
`text messaging service for short
`alphanumeric messages(up to 160 bytes) that are transported from one mobile device to another
`mobile device in a store-and-forward fashion.
`,
`A GSMnetwork within which the present invention may be deployed would also support a
`page-mode messaging service, such as SMS,that relies upon the underlying GSM mechanisms
`to resolve routing information in order to locate destination mobile devices.
`Page-mode
`messaging services such as SMStransmit messagesthat are independent or asynchronous with
`each other, but there is no formal relationship between one message and another.
`In contrast, an
`IM session that is implemented in accordance with the present invention is a session-mode or
`session-based messaging service where exchanged messages are formally associated in a
`session thereby minimizing the overhead costs of transmitting independent messages. A GSM
`network supporting SMS text messaging may further
`include the following SMS specific
`components: a short message service center (SMSC) (140A or 140B)for storing and forwarding
`messages to and from one mobile device to another, an SMS Gateway-MSC (SMS GMSC)for
`receiving the short message from the SMSC (140A or 140B) and interrogating the destination
`mobile device's HLR 130 for routing information to determine the current
`location of the
`destination device to deliver the short message to the appropriate MSC (125A or 125B). The
`SMS GMSCistypically integrated with the SMSC 140. Ina typical transmission of an SMStext
`message from an originating mobile device 105 to a receiving mobile device 110, (i) the text
`messageis transmitted from the mobile 105 to the MSC 125A,(ii) the MSC 125Ainterrogatesits
`VLR 135A to verify that the message transfer does not violate any supplementary services or
`restrictions,(iii) the MSC 125A sendsthe text message to the SMSC 140A,(iv) the SMSC 140A,
`through the SMS GMSC,interrogates the receiving mobile device's HLR 130 (by accessing the
`SS7 network) to receive routing information for the receiving mobile device 110, (v) the SMSC
`sends the text message to the MSC 125B servicing receiving mobile device 110, (vi) the MSC
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`125B retrieves subscriber information from the VLR 135B, and (vii) the MSC 125A transmits the
`text message to the receiving mobile device 110. Similar to other transactions on the GSM
`network, SMS text messaging utilizes telephone numbers as identifying addresses for mobile
`devices and as such,utilizes the SS7 network Signaling system through which cellular service
`providers share information from the HLR with other service providers. As depicted in Figure 1,
`SS7 based signaling communication is represented by the broken lines.
`In contrast, the solid
`lines in Figure 1 represent data or voice based communications.
`In addition to a page-mode messaging service such as SMS, a GSM network within
`which the present
`invention may be deployed would also support a data packet based
`communications service, such as the General Packet Radio Service (GPRS),
`that enables
`TCP/IP transmission protocol based communications between mobile devices within the network.
`As depicted in Figure 1, a core GPRS network exists in parallel to the existing GSM core
`network. The BSC 120 maydirect voicetraffic through the MSC (125A or 125B) to the GSM
`network and data traffic through the Serving GPRS Support Note (SGSN)(145A or 145B)to the
`GPRSnetwork. Such communication between the BSC (125A or 125B) and the SGSN (145A or
`145B) may be, for example, based upon the IP network protocol communication 155. As such,
`GPRSsignaling and data traffic do not flow through the core GSM network.
`Instead, the core
`GSM network is used by GPRSonly fortable look-up in the HLR 130 and VLR (135A or 135B)to
`obtain routing, location and other subscriber information in order to handle user mobility. The
`SGSN (145A or 145B) serves as a "packet-switched MSC," delivering data packets to mobile
`devices in its service area. The Gateway GPRS Support Note (GGSN)
`(150A or 150B)
`communicates with the SGSN (145A or 145B) through an IP based GPRS backbone 160 and
`serves as an interface to other external IP networks 165 such as the Internet and other mobile
`service providers' GPRSservices.
`Whenan IM serviceis offered in a traditional online packet based network environment
`such as the Internet,
`the initiating computer must have knowledge of the IP address (and
`possibly, a port) that has been opened on the listening computer to receive IM communications.
`In order to provide such IP address information, an iM service will set up a log-on or registration
`server through which end users can record the IP address on which they are currently listening
`for instant messaging communications. Becauseall end users have access to (i-e., Know the IP
`addressof) the registration server, they are able to obtain the IP addresses of other end users
`who havealso logged-on or registered on the server and therebyinitiate IM sessions directly with
`another end user's computer. Alternatively, the log-on or registration server may serve as a
`forwarding agent between the two end users engagedin an instant messaging session.
`In contrast, in accordancewith the presentinvention, a log-on or registration server for IM
`or presence purposescan beeliminated on a mobile network environment such asthat depicted
`on Figure 1. Through the use of a page-mode messaging service, such as SMS,which transmits
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`messages to mobile devices based upontheir telephone numbers,aninitiating mobile device can
`transmit its IP address (and a listening port) in an invitation message to a target mobile device
`through the target device's telephone number. Once the target device receives the invitation
`message,it is able to contacttheinitiating mobile device through the received IP address and the
`two devices can establish a reliable virtual connection, such as a TCP connection, for session-
`based IM communications. Figure 2 depicts a flow chart depicting the steps taken by an initiating
`and target mobile device to establish an IM session in accordance with the present invention.
`Initially, the initiating mobile device opens a TCPport to listen for communications from the target
`mobile device 210. The target mobile device has also similarly opened an SMS listening port to
`receive invitation SMS text messagesat the specified SMS port 220. The initiating mobile device
`then transmits its IP address (and TCP port) in an invitation SMS text message to the telephone
`phone numberand a specified SMS port of the target mobile device 230. The target mobile
`device receives the SMS text message containing theinitiating mobile device's IP address (and
`TCP port) at the specified SMS port 240. The target mobile device extracts the IP address and
`TCPport from the SMS text message and opensits own TCP port 250. The target mobile device
`then transmits a request to establish a TCP connection to theinitiating mobile device's IP address
`and TCP port 260.
`Theinitiating mobile device receives this request 270 and a TCP connection
`is established between the IP addresses and TCP ports of the initiating and listening mobile
`devices and these devices are able to engagein an IM session overa reliable virtual connection
`280.
`
`Alternatively, Figure 3 depicts a flow chart for an alternative embodiment depicting steps
`to establish an IM session in accordance with the presentinvention.
`Initially, the initiating mobile
`device opens a TCPport to listen for communications from the target mobile device 310. The
`initiating mobile device, through its supporting telephone company, then embedsits IP address
`(and TCPport) in the telephony ringing signal that is transmitted to the target mobile device 320.
`For example and withoutlimitation, the telephone company may use a frequency shift keyed
`(FSK) signal to embed the IP address (and TCP port) into the telephony signal, similar to the
`traditional techniques used to embed other special service information, such as a caller ID, in the
`traditional telephony context. The target mobile device receives the telephony ringing signal from
`the initiating mobile device 330. The target mobile device extracts the IP address and TCP port
`from the telephone ringing signal and opensits own TCP port 340. The target mobile device then
`transmits a requestto establish a TCP connection to theinitiating mobile device's IP address and
`TCP port 350.
`Theinitiating mobile device receives this request 360: and a TCP connection is
`established between the IP addresses and TCPports oftheinitiating and listening mobile devices
`and these devices are able to engagein an IM session overa reliable virtual connection 370.
`While the foregoing detailed description has described the present invention using SMS,
`GSM, GPRS,and TCP/IP,other similar services and protocols may be usedin a variety of similar
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`environments in which the present invention may be implemented. For example and without
`limitation, rather than using SMSto transmit an IP address (and port) from theinitiating mobile
`device to the listening mobile device through the devices’ telephone numbers, an alternative
`embodiment of the present invention might use a PIN-to-PIN messaging technology (as, for
`example, offered in RIM's Blackberry handheld devices) to transmit the IP address (and port)
`through unique PIN numbers associated with the mobile devices, or an alternative paging
`protocol using telephone numbers. Similarly, rather than using FSK to embed the IP address
`(and port) into the telephony ringing signal, an alternative embodiment of the present invention
`might use a Duel Tone Multi-Frequency (DTMF) transmission to embed the IP address and port.
`Furthermore,
`the present
`invention contemplates that
`the actual protocol used during an
`established IM session may also vary depending uponthe preference of the implementation. For
`example and withoutlimitation, Message Session Relay Protocol (MSRP) or any proprietary
`based protocol may be used during the IM session thatis established in accordance with the
`present invention. Thus, various modifications, additions and substitutions and the like can be
`made without departing from the spirit of the invention and these are therefore considered to be
`within the scopeof the invention as defined in the following claims.
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`Whatis claimedis:
`
`1. A method of establishing session-based instant messaging communications between mobile
`devices that support a data packet-based communications service over a digital mobile network
`system, the method comprising:
`
`openinga listening port on aninitiating mobile device to receive communications through
`the data packet-based communications service;
`
`embedding an invitation message containing the address and the listening port of the
`initiating mobile device in a telephonyringing signal transmitted to a target mobile device.
`
`receiving a response from the target mobile device at the listening port on theinitiating
`mobile device through the data packet-based communications service; and
`
`establishing a virtual connection through the data packet-based communications service
`for the session-based instant messaging session between the initiating mobile device and
`the target mobile device.
`
`2. The method of claim 1 wherein FSKis utilized to embed the address and the listening port of
`theinitiating mobile device into the telephoneringing signal.
`
`3. The method of claim 1 wherein the data packet-based communications service is GPRS and
`‘the digital mobile network system is GSM.
`
`4. The method of claim 1 wherein theinitiating mobile device and the target mobile device
`include QWERTY keyboards.
`
`5. The method of claim 1 wherein the addressof the initiating mobile device is an IP address and
`the listening port is a TCP port.
`
`6. The method of claim 1 wherein thevirtual reliable connection is a TCP connection.
`
`7. The method of claim 6 wherein instant messaging communications through the virtual
`connection utilizes MSRP.
`
`8. A mobile device enabled to establish session-basedinstant messaging communications with
`other mobile devices in a digital mobile network system, the mobile device comprising:
`
`programming means to support a data packet-based communications service over the
`digital mobile network system;
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`programming meansto extract an invitation message embeddedin a telephony ringing
`signal initiated by the an initiating mobile device, the invitation message containing the
`address anda listening port oftheinitiating mobile device;
`
`programming means to send a response through the data packet-based communications
`service to the address andlistening port of the initiating mobile device; and
`
`programming means to establish a virtual connection through the data packet-based
`communications service for session-based instant messaging communications between
`the mobile device andthe initiating mobile device.
`
`9. The mobile device of claim 8 wherein the invitation message is embeddedin the telephony
`ringing signal using FSK.
`
`10. The mobile device of claim 8 wherein the data packet-based communications service is
`GPRSandthe digital mobile network system is GSM.
`
`11. The mobile device of claim 8 further comprising a QW