Standard ECMA-319
`June 2001
`
`S t a n d a r d i z i n g I n f o r m a t i o n a n d C o m m u n i c a t i o n S y s t e m s
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`Data Interchange on 12,7 mm
`384-Track Magnetic Tape
`Cartridges – Ultrium-1 Format
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`P h o n e : + 4 1 2 2 8 4 9 . 6 0 . 0 0 - F a x : + 4 1 2 2 8 4 9 . 6 0 . 0 1 - U R L : h t t p : / / w w w . e c m a . c h - I n t e r n e t : h e l p d e s k @ e c m a . c h
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`SONY Exhibit 1034
`SONY v. FUJI
`IPR2018-00877
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`Standard ECMA-319
`June 2001
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`S t a n d a r d i z i n g
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`I n f o r m a t i o n a n d C o m m u n i c a t i o n S y s t e m s
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`Data Interchange on 12,7 mm
`384-Track Magnetic Tape
`Cartridges – Ultrium-1 Format
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`P h o n e : + 4 1 2 2 8 4 9 . 6 0 . 0 0 - F a x : + 4 1 2 2 8 4 9 . 6 0 . 0 1 - U R L : h t t p : / / w w w . e c m a . c h - I n t e r n e t : h e l p d e s k @ e c m a . c h
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`M B O E C M A - 3 1 9 . d o c 1 2 - 0 7 - 0 1
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`Brief History
`
`
`
`Technical Committee ECMA TC17 has produced a series of ECMA Standards for magnetic tape cassettes and
`cartridges of different widths, e.g. 12,7 mm, 8 mm, 6,35 mm and 3,81 mm. In each series, the new standards
`correspond to specific types of application and different user requirements. Enhanced and new media correspond also
`to advancements in drive technology. The series of such cartridges with a magnetic tape of 12,7 mm width and
`longitudinally recorded tracks comprises the following standards.
`
`ECMA-120 (1993) : Data Interchange on 12,7 mm 18-Track Magnetic Tape Cartridges
`ISO 9661
`ECMA-152 (1993) : Data Interchange on 12,7 mm 18-Track Magnetic Tape Cartridges - Extended Format
`ISO/IEC 11559
`ECMA-182 (1992) : Data Interchange on 12,7 mm 48-Track Magnetic Tape Cartridges - DLT 1 Format -
`ISO/IEC 13421
`ECMA-196 (1993) : Data Interchange on 12,7 mm 36-Track Magnetic Tape Cartridges
`ISO/IEC 14251
`ECMA-197 (1993) : Data Interchange on 12,7 mm 112-Track Magnetic Tape Cartridges - DLT 2 Format -
`ISO/IEC 13962
`ECMA-209 (1994) : Data Interchange on 12,7 mm 128-Track Magnetic Tape Cartridges - DLT 3 Format
`ISO/IEC 14833
`ECMA-231 (1995) : Data Interchange on 12,7 mm 128-Track Magnetic Tape Cartridges - DLT 4 Format
`ISO/IEC 15305
`
`ECMA-258 (1997) : Data Interchange on 12,7 mm 128-Track Magnetic Tape Cartridges - DLT 3-XT Format
`ISO/IEC 15895
`
`ECMA-259 (1997) : Data Interchange on 12,7 mm 208-Track Magnetic Tape Cartridges - DLT 5 Format
`ISO/IEC 15896
`
`ECMA-278(1998) : Data Interchange on 12,7 mm 128-track Magnetic Tape Cartridges
`Parallel Serpentine Format
`ISO/IEC 17913
`
`ECMA-286 (1999) : Data Interchange on 12,7 mm 208-Track Magnetic Tape Cartridges - DLT 6 Format
`ISO/IEC 16382
`
`ECMA-320 (2001) : Data Interchange on 12,7 mm 448-Track Magnetic Tape Cartridges - SDLT1 Format
`
`
`
`This ECMA Standard ECMA-319 describes a cartridge containing magnetic tape 12,65 mm wide and a recording
`format. This cartridge and format is the first in a family of linearly recorded 12,65 mm tape cartridges. Four types of
`cartridges are defined, containing tapes of different lengths.
`
`The primary differences between this Standard and previous linearly recorded Standards are a greater number of
`recorded tracks, a higher linear recording density, and a timing based servo for improved track following. Together
`these provide the ability to achieve significant improvements in cartridge capacity. This format, when recorded on a
`609-metre tape, will provide a storage capacity of 100 Gbytes of uncompressed user data, or typically 200 Gbytes of
`compressed user data.
`
`All ECMA Standards listed above have been adopted by ISO/IEC as International Standards. The present ECMA
`Standard will also be contributed to ISO/IEC for adoption as an International Standard under the fast-track procedure.
`
`
`
`This Standard has been adopted by the ECMA General Assembly of June 2001.
`
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`- i -
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`Table of contents
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`
`
`
`
`
`Section 1 - General
`
`1
`
`Scope
`
`Conformance
`2
`2.1 Magnetic tape cartridge
`2.2 Generating system
`2.3 Receiving system
`
`3
`
`References
`
`Definitions
`4
`4.1 Access Point
`4.2
`algorithm
`4.3
`algorithmically processed data
`4.4
`a.c. erase
`4.5 Average Signal Amplitude
`4.6
`back surface
`4.7 Beginning of Tape (BOT)
`4.8 Beginning of Wrap (BOW)
`4.9
`bit
`4.10
`bit cell
`4.11
`Broad Band Signal-to-Noise Ratio (BBSNR)
`4.12
`byte
`4.13
`cartridge
`4.14
`Channel bit
`4.15
`Codeword
`4.16
`Codeword Pair
`4.17
`Codeword Quad (CQ)
`4.18
`CQ Set
`4.19
`cyclic redundancy check (CRC) character
`4.20
`Data Set
`4.21
`Data Set Information Table (DSIT)
`4.22
`End of Data (EOD)
`4.23
`End of Tape (EOT)
`4.24
`End of Wrap (EOW)
`4.25
`Error Correcting Code (ECC)
`4.26
`File Mark
`4.27
`flux transition position
`4.28
`flux transition spacing
`4.29
`forward tape motion
`4.30
`header
`4.31
`Housekeeping Data Set
`4.32
`logical forward
`4.33
`logical reverse
`4.34
`Logical Point
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`
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`Page
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`1
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`1
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`1
`1
`1
`1
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`1
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`2
`2
`2
`2
`2
`2
`2
`2
`2
`2
`2
`2
`2
`2
`2
`2
`3
`3
`3
`3
`3
`3
`3
`3
`3
`3
`3
`3
`3
`3
`3
`3
`3
`3
`3
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`- ii -
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`4.35 magnetic tape
`4.36 Master Standard Reference Tape (MSRT)
`4.37
`LTO Cartridge Memory (LTO CM)
`4.38
`Optimum Recording Current
`4.39
`physical end of tape
`4.40
`physical forward
`4.41
`physical reverse
`4.42
`pre-record condition
`4.43
`processed data
`4.44
`Processed Record
`4.45
`Processing (Compression)
`4.46
`Protected Record
`4.47
`Record
`4.48
`recorded element
`4.49
`Reference Recording Current
`4.50
`Reprocessing (Decompression)
`4.51
`reverse tape motion
`4.52
`run length limited encoding (RLL)
`4.53
`Secondary Standard Reference Tape (SSRT)
`4.54
`servo acquisition region
`4.55
`Standard Reference Amplitude (SRA)
`4.56
`Symbol
`4.57
`Synchronised Codeword Quad (SCQ)
`4.58
`Test Recording Density (TRD)
`4.59
`wrap
`4.60
`write equalisation
`4.61
`(1,7) RLL code
`
`Conventions and notations
`5
`5.1 Representation of numbers
`5.2 Dimensions
`5.3 Names
`5.4 Alphanumeric string encoding
`
`6
`
`Acronyms
`
`Environment and safety
`7
`7.1 Cartridge and tape testing environment
`7.2 Cartridge operating environment
`7.3 Cartridge storage environment
`7.4 Tape tension
`7.5 Safety
`7.6 Flammability
`7.7 Transportation
`
`Section 2 - Requirements for the Cartridge
`
`Dimensional and Mechanical Characteristics of the Cartridge
`8
`8.1 Elements of the cartridge
`8.2 Reference Planes of the case
`8.3 Dimensions of the case
`8.3.1
`Overall dimension
`8.3.2
`Reference points for reference planes
`8.3.3
`Positioning notches
`8.3.4
`Handling notches
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`4
`4
`4
`4
`4
`4
`4
`4
`4
`4
`4
`4
`4
`4
`4
`5
`5
`5
`5
`5
`5
`5
`5
`5
`5
`5
`5
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`6
`6
`6
`6
`6
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`6
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`7
`7
`7
`7
`7
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`7
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`- iii -
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`8.3.5 Mis-insertion protection
`8.3.6
`Stacking features
`8.3.7
`Label area of the rear side
`8.3.8
`Central window
`8.3.9
`Sliding door
`8.3.10 Case opening
`8.4 Write-inhibit mechanism
`8.5 Flexibility of the case
`8.5.1
`Requirements
`8.5.2
`Procedure
`8.6 Tape reel
`8.6.1
`Locking mechanism
`8.6.2
`Axis of rotation of the reel
`8.6.3
`Reel flanges
`8.6.4 Metallic insert
`8.6.5
`Toothed rim
`8.6.6
`Hub of the reel
`8.6.7
`Relative positions of hub and case
`8.6.8
`Characteristics of the toothed rim
`8.7 Magnetic tape
`8.7.1
`Tape wind
`8.7.2 Wind tension
`8.7.3
`Circumference of the tape reel
`8.7.4 Moment of inertia
`8.8 Leader pin assembly
`8.8.1
`Leader pin assembly dimensions
`8.8.2
`Leader tape attachment to leader pin assembly
`8.8.3
`Latching the leader pin assembly in the case
`8.8.4 Mechanism and tape exit keepout area
`8.9 LTO CM
`8.10
`Areas reserved for cartridge presence sensing
`8.11
`Handling grips and insertion indicator
`8.11.1
`Side grips
`8.11.2
`Insertion indicator
`8.11.3 Top grip
`8.11.4 Bottom grip
`8.12
`Pad Printing Areas
`8.13
`Opacity
`
`Section 3 - Requirements for the Unrecorded Tape
`
`Mechanical, physical and dimensional characteristics of the tape
`9
`9.1 Materials
`9.2 Tape length
`9.2.1
`Length of magnetic tape
`9.2.2
`Length of leader tape
`9.2.3
`Length of splicing tape
`9.3 Tape Width
`9.3.1 Width of magnetic tape
`9.3.2 Width of leader tape
`9.3.3 Width of splicing tape
`9.3.4
`Procedure
`9.4 Tape Thickness
`
`
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`11
`11
`12
`12
`12
`13
`13
`13
`13
`13
`14
`14
`14
`14
`15
`15
`15
`15
`16
`17
`17
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`18
`18
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`21
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`- iv -
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`9.10.3
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`38
`Procedure
`9.4.1
`38
`9.5 Longitudinal curvature
`38
`9.5.1
`Procedure
`38
`9.6 Edge Quality
`38
`9.6.1
`Edge deviation
`39
`9.7 Tape flatness
`40
`9.7.1
`Cupping
`40
`9.7.2
`Curl/Twist
`40
`9.8 Coating adhesion
`40
`9.8.1
`Procedure
`41
`9.9 Layer-to-layer adhesion
`41
`9.9.1
`Requirement
`41
`9.9.2
`Procedure
`42
`9.10
`Coefficient of friction
`42
`9.10.1 Requirement
`9.10.2
`Procedure for the measurement of the dynamic friction between the magnetic
`surface and the back surface
`42
`Procedure for the measurement of the dynamic friction between the back surface
`and SS-310 stainless steel
`43
`Procedure for the measurement of the dynamic friction between the magnetic
`43
`surface and AlO 2/TiC ceramic
`Surface quality
`43
`9.11
`Surface roughness
`43
`9.11.1
`Abrasivity
`43
`9.12
`Tensile strength
`44
`9.13
`9.13.1 Breaking strength
`44
`9.13.2 Offset yield strength
`44
`9.14
`Longitudinal compliance
`44
`9.14.1
`Procedure
`44
`9.15
`Residual elongation
`44
`9.15.1 Requirement
`44
`9.15.2
`Procedure
`44
`9.16
`Flexural rigidity
`45
`9.16.1 Requirement
`45
`9.16.2
`Procedure
`45
`9.17
`Transverse dimensional stability
`45
`9.18
`Electrical resistance of coated surfaces
`45
`9.18.1 Requirement
`45
`9.18.2
`Procedure
`45
`
`9.10.4
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`Magnetic Recording Characteristics
`10
`General
`10.1
`Test conditions
`10.2
`Optimum Recording Current
`10.3
`Signal amplitude
`10.4
`Resolution
`10.5
`Overwrite
`10.6
`10.6.1 Requirement
`10.7
`Ease of erasure
`10.8
`Broad Band Signal-to-Noise Ratio
`
`
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`46
`46
`46
`46
`46
`46
`47
`47
`47
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`- v -
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`10.8.1 Requirement
`10.9
`Tape quality
`10.9.1 Missing pulses
`10.9.2 Missing pulse zone
`
`Section 4 - Requirements for an Interchanged Tape
`
`Method of recording servo bands
`11
`General
`11.1
`Servo bands
`11.2
`Servo stripes
`11.2.1
`Servo bursts
`11.2.2
`Servo frames
`11.2.3
`Servo signal amplitude
`11.2.4
`Servo signal polarity
`11.2.5
`Servo defects
`11.2.6
`Servo frame encoding
`11.3
`11.3.1 Method of encoding position and manufacturer's data
`11.3.2 LPOS word construction
`11.3.3 Tape manufacturer encoding
`11.3.4 Cross tape identification
`11.4
`Servo band location
`11.5
`Servo band pitch
`11.6
`Nominal servo locations
`11.7
`Long-term average servo location
`
`Method of recording data tracks
`12
`Physical recording density
`12.1
`Nominal bit cell length
`12.2
`Long-term average bit cell length
`12.3
`Short-term Average Bit Cell Length (STA)
`12.4
`Rate of change of the STA
`12.5
`Bit shift
`12.6
`Recording performance test conditions
`12.7
`Track sequence addressing
`12.8
`Location of data tracks
`12.9
`12.10 Track width
`12.11 Adjacent track pitch
`12.12 Azimuth
`12.13 Total character skew
`12.14 Channel Layout
`
`Format
`13
`General
`13.1
`Protected Record
`13.2
`Processed Protected Record Sequence
`13.3
`13.3.1 Control Symbols
`13.3.2 End Marker
`13.3.3 Access Points
`13.3.4 Alignment and append points
`13.4
`Data Set
`13.4.1
`Format Identification Data Set (FID)
`13.4.2 User Data Set
`
`
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`47
`47
`47
`47
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`48
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`48
`48
`48
`48
`49
`50
`50
`51
`51
`51
`53
`54
`56
`56
`56
`56
`56
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`57
`57
`57
`57
`57
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`- vi -
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`13.4.3 EOD Data Set
`13.4.4 Housekeeping Data Set
`13.5
`Data Set Information Table (DSIT)
`13.5.1 Drive Manufacturer Use
`13.5.2 Drive Manufacturer Use C1
`13.5.3 Reserved
`13.5.4 Drive Manufacturer's Identity
`13.5.5 Data Set number
`13.5.6 Valid Data Length
`13.5.7 Access Point Offset
`13.5.8 Total Records
`13.5.9 Total File Marks
`13.5.10 Record Count
`13.5.11 File Mark Count
`13.5.12 Thread Count
`13.5.13 Data Set Type
`13.5.14 Data Set Flags
`13.5.15 Thread Write Pass
`13.5.16 Tape Write Pass
`13.6
`ECC
`13.6.1
`Sub Data Set
`13.6.2 C1 Sub Data Set
`13.6.3 ECC Encoded Sub Data Set
`13.6.4 Codeword Pair designation
`13.7
`Codeword Quads (CQ)
`13.7.1 Codeword Pair Header
`13.7.2
`First Codeword Pair
`13.7.3
`Second Codeword Pair
`13.8
`Allocation of CQs to Logical Tracks
`13.9
`Data randomisation
`13.10 RLL encoding
`
`Recording of data on tape
`14
`Synchronised Data Set
`14.1
`14.1.1 Data Set Separator (DSS)
`14.1.2 VFO Field 1
`14.1.3 VFO Field 2
`14.1.4
`Synchronised Codeword Quad (SCQ)
`14.2 Write equalisation bit encoding
`14.3 Writing cells on tape
`
`Regions on tape
`15
`Logical Points and regions
`15.1
`Calibration Region
`15.2
`User Data Region
`15.3
`Interrupted Data Sets
`15.4
`Repeated CQ Sets
`15.5
`Amble CQs
`15.6
`Beginning of Wrap (BOW)
`15.7
`End of Wrap (EOW)
`15.8
`Appending and Overwriting
`15.9
`15.10 Servo Tracking Faults
`
`
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`65
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`69
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`

`- vii -
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`
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`Annexes
`
`A - Measurement of Bit Shift
`
`B - Measurement of Broad Band Signal-to-Noise Ratio
`
`C - Tape Abrasivity Measurement Procedure
`
`D - LTO Cartridge Memory
`
`E - Flexural Rigidity Procedure
`
`F - LTO CM Electrical Surface
`
`G - Recommendation for transportation
`
`H - Inhibitor Tape
`
`I - Vendor Code Lists
`
`
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`Page
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`87
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`89
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`91
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`95
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`117
`
`119
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`137
`
`139
`
`141
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`

`

`

`

`
`
`Section 1 - General
`
`1
`
`Scope
`This ECMA Standard specifies the physical and magnetic characteristics of magnetic tape cartridges, using
`magnetic tape 12,65 mm wide so as to provide physical interchange of such cartridges between drives. It also
`specifies the quality of the recorded signals, the recording method and the recorded format, thereby allowing
`data interchange between drives by means of such cartridges. The format supports variable length Logical
`Records, high speed search, and the use of a registered algorithm for data compression.
`
`This ECMA Standard specifies four types of cartridges depending on the length of tape contained in the case.
`These four types are referred to as Type A, Type B, Type C and Type D; their nominal capacity is
`100 Gbytes, 50 Gbytes, 30 Gbytes and 10 Gbytes, respectively.
`
`NOTE
`One Gbyte contains 1 000 000 000 bytes.
`
`Information interchange between systems also requires, at a minimum, agreement between the interchange
`parties upon the interchange code(s) and the specification of the structure and labeling of the information on
`the interchanged cartridge.
`
`This ECMA Standard shall be used only in conjunction with ECMA-321.
`
`Together with a standard for volume and file structure, e.g. Standard ECMA-13, this document provides for
`full data interchange between data processing systems.
`
`Conformance
`2
`2.1 Magnetic tape cartridge
`A tape cartridge shall be in conformance with this ECMA Standard if it meets all the mandatory
`requirements specified herein. The tape requirements shall be satisfied throughout the extent of the tape.
`
`2.2
`
`2.3
`
`Generating system
`A system generating a magnetic tape cartridge for interchange shall be in conformance with this ECMA
`Standard if all the recordings that it makes meet the mandatory requirements of this ECMA Standard.
`
`Receiving system
`A system receiving a magnetic tape cartridge for interchange shall be in conformance with this ECMA
`Standard if it is able to handle any recording made on the tape according to this ECMA Standard.
`
`3
`
`References
`ECMA-13:1985
`
`File Structure and Labelling of Magnetic Tapes for Information Interchange
`
`ECMA-287:1999
`
`Safety of Electronic Equipment
`
`ECMA-321:2001
`
`Streaming Lossless Data Compression Algorithm – (SLDC)
`
`ISO/R527:1966
`
`Plastics Determination of Tensile Properties
`
`ISO/IEC 646:1991
`
`Information Technology - 7-bit Coded Character Set for Information Interchange
`
`ISO 3574:1999
`
`ISO 4287:1997
`
`Cold-Reduced Carbon Steel Sheet of Commercial and Drawing Qualities
`
`Geometrical Product Specification (GPS) - Surface Texture: Profile Method - Terms,
`Definitions, and Surface Texture Parameters
`
`ISO/IEC 11576:1994
`
`Information Technology - Procedure for the Registration of Algorithms for the
`Lossless Compression of Data
`
`ISO/IEC 14443-2:2000 Identification Cards - Contactless Integrated Circuit(s) Cards -- Proximity Cards --
`Part 2
`
`
`
`

`

`- 2 -
`
`ASTM D4065-95:1995 Standard Practice for Determining and Reporting Dynamic Mechanical Properties of
`Plastics
`
`ASTM D4092-96:1996 Standard Terminology Related to Dynamic Mechanical Measurements on Plastics
`
`Definitions
`For the purpose of this Standard the following definitions apply.
`
`Access Point
`A point, at the start of a sequence of Processed Records, at which the presentation of Symbols to a
`reprocessing algorithm is required to start at a known state to enable recovery, regardless of whether the
`data of interest in a retrieval operation starts at that point or at a subsequent point.
`algorithm
`A set of rules for transforming the logical representation of data.
`
`algorithmically processed data
`Data that has been processed by a defined processing algorithm.
`
`a.c. erase
`A process of erasure utilising alternating fields of decaying level.
`
`Average Signal Amplitude
`The average peak-to-peak value of the output signal from the read head at the fundamental frequency of the
`specified physical recording density over a minimum of 25,4 mm of track, exclusive of missing pulses.
`
`back surface
`The surface of the tape opposite to the magnetic coating which is used to record data.
`
`Beginning of Tape (BOT)
`The reference point on the tape nearest to the leader pin assembly.
`
`Beginning of Wrap (BOW)
`The Logical Point that indicates the beginning of a wrap: LP3 for forward wraps, LP4 for reverse wraps.
`bit
`A single digit in the binary number system, a ZERO or a ONE.
`
`4
`
`4.1
`
`4.2
`
`4.3
`
`4.4
`
`4.5
`
`4.6
`
`4.7
`
`4.8
`
`4.9
`
`4.10
`
`bit cell
`A distance along the track between adjacent RLL encoded bits.
`
`4.11 Broad Band Signal-to-Noise Ratio (BBSNR)
`The average read signal power divided by the average integrated broad band (floor) RMS noise power and
`expressed in dB.
`
`4.12
`
`4.13
`
`byte
`An ordered set of eight bits (12 Channel bits) that are acted on as a unit.
`cartridge
`A case holding a single supply reel of magnetic tape and leader tape with an attached leader pin assembly at
`the BOT end.
`
`4.14 Channel bit
`A bit output from RLL channel encoding.
`
`4.15 Codeword
`A set of bytes containing data and the ECC bytes calculated on that data.
`
`
`
`

`

`- 3 -
`
`4.16 Codeword Pair
`An interleaved pair of Codewords.
`
`4.17 Codeword Quad (CQ)
`A set of two Codeword Pairs.
`
`4.18 CQ Set
`A group of CQs that are written at the same time, i.e. one on each of the active tracks.
`
`4.19
`
`cyclic redundancy check (CRC) character
`A mathematically computed code which yields check bytes used for the detection of errors.
`
`4.20 Data Set
`The smallest complete unit of information written to, or received from, the tape.
`
`4.21 Data Set Information Table (DSIT)
`A table within a Data Set which describes the content of the Data Set.
`
`4.22 End of Data (EOD)
`The point on the tape at the end of the last valid Data Set recorded on tape.
`4.23 End of Tape (EOT)
`The point on a track farthest from BOT up to which recording is allowed.
`
`4.24 End of Wrap (EOW)
`The Logical Point that indicates the end of a wrap: LP4 for forward wraps, LP3 for reverse wraps.
`
`4.25 Error Correcting Code (ECC)
`A mathematically computed code which yields check bytes used for the detection and correction of errors.
`
`4.26
`
`4.27
`
`4.28
`
`4.29
`
`File Mark
`A recorded element requested to be written (or read) by the host that is typically used to mark
`organisational boundaries in a serial file structure, such as directory boundaries.
`
`flux transition position
`The point on the magnetic tape that exhibits the maximum free-space flux density normal to the tape
`surface.
`
`flux transition spacing
`The distance along a track between successive flux transitions.
`
`forward tape motion
`The tape is moving forward when it is leaving the reel in the cartridge and being wound onto the reel in the
`mechanism.
`
`4.30
`
`header
`Data that is prefixed to a data entity to provide identification and checking.
`
`4.31 Housekeeping Data Set
`A Data Set which contains no user data and which is identified as such by the values in the data fields
`therein.
`
`4.32
`
`4.33
`
`logical forward
`The direction of tape motion toward End of Wrap.
`
`logical reverse
`The direction of tape motion away from End of Wrap.
`
`4.34 Logical Point
`Defined bound where regions of the tape begin or end.
`
`
`
`

`

`- 4 -
`
`4.35 magnetic tape
`A tape that accepts and retains magnetic signals intended for input, output, and storage of data for
`information processing.
`
`4.36 Master Standard Reference Tape (MSRT)
`A tape selected as the standard for reference recording current, signal amplitude, resolution, BBSNR,
`overwrite ratio, servo signal amplitude, and servo signal polarity.
`
`NOTE
`A Master Standard Reference Tape has been established at Ladas and Parry.
`
`4.37 LTO Cartridge Memory (LTO CM)
`A contactless storage device that is mounted in the case, and which can be used to hold information about
`that specific cartridge, the tape in the cartridge, and the data on the tape.
`
`4.38 Optimum Recording Current
`1,15 times the minimum current which, when applied to a magnetic tape, will cause the average signal
`amplitude to equal 95 % of the maximum average signal amplitude when recorded at density TRD1.
`
`4.39
`
`4.40
`
`4.41
`
`4.42
`
`physical end of tape
`Position of the tape farthest from the leader pin assembly at which the tape is cut and wrapped onto the hub
`during manufacture.
`
`physical forward
`The direction of tape motion from BOT to EOT. This will be logical forward for even numbered wraps.
`
`physical reverse
`The direction of tape motion from EOT to BOT. This will be logical forward for odd numbered wraps.
`
`pre-record condition
`A tape cartridge that has been a.c. erased and subsequently servo-written in preparation for data recording
`is in a pre-record condition.
`
`4.43
`
`processed data
`A sequence of Symbols which results from the application of processing to data.
`
`Data that has been processed by an algorithm.
`
`4.44
`
`4.45
`
`4.46
`
`Processed Record
`A sequence of Symbols which results from the application of processing to a Protected Record.
`
`Processing (Compression)
`The use of an algorithm to transform host data into Symbols.
`
`Protected Record
`A Record with a 4-byte CRC added to the end. The CRC is checked during the deformatting process to
`ensure that the Record is uncorrupted.
`
`4.47 Record
`A Record is the smallest distinct set of data bytes supplied, e.g. from a host, for processing and recording
`by a tape drive system, and the smallest distinct set of data to be read from tape, reprocessed and made
`available, e.g. to a host, by a tape drive system.
`
`4.48
`
`recorded element
`A File Mark or Record.
`
`4.49 Reference Recording Current
`The Optimum Recording Current of the Master Standard Reference Tape.
`
`
`
`

`

`- 5 -
`
`4.50 Reprocessing (Decompression)
`The use of an algorithm to transform Symbols into data as required by the host.
`
`4.51
`
`4.52
`
`4.53
`
`reverse tape motion
`The tape is moving in reverse when it is leaving the reel in the mechanism and being wound onto the reel in
`the cartridge.
`
`run length limited encoding (RLL)
`An algorithmic process applied to an arbitrary input binary sequence that produces an output binary
`sequence that has a specified minimum number of ZEROs between ONEs, and a specified maximum
`number of ZEROs between ONEs.
`
`Secondary Standard Reference Tape (SSRT)
`A tape, the performance of which is known and stated in relation to that of the Master Standard Reference
`Tape.
`
`NOTE
`Secondary Standard Reference Tapes can be ordered as "Ultrium Format Specification Generation 1
`SSRT" from Ladas and Parry, 5670 Wilshire Blvd., 21st Floor, Los Angeles, CA 90036. In principle such
`tapes will be available for a period of 10 years from the publication of the first edition of this ECMA
`Standard. However, by agreement between ECMA and Ladas and Parry, this period may be shortened or
`extended to take account of demands for such SSRTs.
`
`It is intended that these SSRTs be used for calibrating tertiary reference tapes for use in routine
`calibration.
`
`4.54
`
`4.55
`
`4.56
`
`servo acquisition region
`A region on tape that may be used by the servo circuitry.
`
`Standard Reference Amplitude (SRA)
`The average signal amplitude from the Master Standard Reference Tape when it is recorded with the
`Reference Recording Current at density TRD1. Traceability to the Standard Reference Amplitude is
`provided by the calibration factors supplied with each Secondary Standard Reference Tape.
`
`Symbol
`An associated string of bits generated by a processing (compression) algorithm, which represents a byte of
`data, a string of bytes of data, or control information.
`
`4.57
`
`Synchronised Codeword Quad (SCQ)
`A serial bit stream formed by inserting synchronisation patterns into an RLL encoded Codeword Quad.
`
`4.58 Test Recording Density (TRD)
`The recording density at which specific tests are performed. There are three test recording densities: TRD1,
`TRD2 and TRD3. See 12.1.
`
`4.59 wrap
`A track group recorded in the physical forward or physical reverse direction.
`4.60 write equalisation
`An algorithmic process that linearly transforms an input binary sequence into another binary sequence.
`(1,7) RLL code
`A run length limited encoding scheme the output of which has no fewer than one ZERO between ONEs and
`no more than seven ZEROs between ONEs.
`
`4.61
`
`
`
`
`
`

`

`- 6 -
`
`Conventions and notations
`Representation of numbers
`The following conventions and notations apply in this ECMA Standard unless otherwise stated.
`− A measured value is rounded off to the least significant digit of the corresponding specified value. It
`implies that a specified value of 1,26 with a positive tolerance +0,01, and a negative tolerance -0,02
`allows a range of measured values from 1,235 to 1,275.
`− In each block and in each field the bytes shall be arranged with Byte 0, the most significant, first.
`Within each byte the bits shall be arranged with Bit 7, the most significant, first and Bit 0, the least
`significant bit, last.
`− Letters and digits in parentheses represent numbers in hexadecimal notation.
`− The setting of bits is denoted by ZERO or ONE.
`− Numbers in binary notation and bit patterns are represented by strings of digits 0 and 1 shown with the
`most significant bit to the left. Within such strings, X may be used to indicate that the setting of a bit is
`not specified within the string.
`
`Dimensions
`Unless otherwise stated, all dimensions in the figures are in millimetres with a tolerance of ± 0,50 mm.
`
`Names
`The names of basic elements, e.g. specific fields, are written with a capital initial letter.
`
`Alphanumeric string encoding
`Unless otherwise stated, all alphanumeric strings shall be encoded using ISO/IEC 646.
`
`Acronyms
`ACN
`
`BOT
`
`BBSNR
`BOW
`
`CRC
`
`DSIT
`
`ECC
`
`EOD
`
`EOT
`
`EOW
`
`FID
`
`LPn
`
`LPOS
`
`lsb
`
`LSB
`
`msb
`
`MSB
`
`MSRT
`
`RLL
`
`RWW
`
`SCQ
`
`SNR
`
`SRA
`
`SSRT
`
`TRD
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Absolute CQ Sequence Number
`Beginning of Tape
`Broad Band Signal-to-Noise Ratio
`Beginning of Wrap mark
`Cyclic Redundancy Check character
`Data Set Information Table
`Error-Correcting Code
`End of Data
`End of Tape
`End of Wrap mark
`Format Identification Data Set
`Logical Point, where n = 0 to 7
`Longitudinal Position
`Least Signicant Bit
`Least Significant Byte
`Most Significant Bit
`Most Significant Byte
`Master Standard Reference Tape
`Run Length Limited
`Read-While-Write
`Synchronised Codeword Quad
`Signal-to-Noise Ratio
`Standard Reference Amplitude
`Secondary Standard Reference Tape
`Test Recording Density
`
`5
`5.1
`
`5.2
`
`5.3
`
`5.4
`
`6
`
`
`
`

`

`- 7 -
`
`Environment and safety
`The conditions specified below refer to the ambient conditions immediately surrounding the cartridge.
`
`Cartridge and tape testing environment
`Unless otherwise stated, tests and measurements made on the cartridge and tape to check the requirements
`of this ECMA Standard shall be carried out under the following conditions:
`−
`23 °C ± 2 °C
`
`temperature:
`− relative humidity:
`
`40 % to 60 %
`− conditioning before testing:
`Cartridge operating environment
`Cartridges used for data interchange shall be capable of operating under the following conditions:
`−
`
`temperature:
`− relative humidity:
`− wet bulb temperature:
`NOTE
`Local tape temperature in excess of 52 °C may cause permanent tape damage.
`If during storage and/or transportation a cartridge has been exposed to conditions outside the above values,
`it shall be conditioned before use by exposure to the operating environment for a time equal to, or greater
`than, the time away from the operating environment up to a maximum of 24 h. There shall be no deposit of
`moisture on or in the cartridge.
`
`24 h min.
`
`10 °C to 45 °C
`
`10 % to 80 %
`
`26 °C max.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Cartridge storage environment
`Cartridges shall be stored under the following conditions:
`−
`
`temperature:
`− relative humidity:
`− wet bulb temperature:
`The stray magnetic field at any point on the tape shall not exceed 4 000 A/m. There shall be no deposit of
`moisture on or in the cartridge.
`
`16 °C to 32 °C
`
`20 % to 80 %
`
`26 °C max.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Tape tension
`The tape between LP1 and LP6 shall not be subjected to a tension higher than 2,0 N under any
`circumstance. Outside of this area the tape shall not be subjected to a tension higher than 6,0 N.
`
`Safety
`The cartridge and its components shall satisfy the requirements of ECMA-287 when used in the intended
`manner or in any foreseeable use in an information processing system.
`
`Flammability
`The cartridge as an assembly shall be constructed such that, if ignited from a match flame, and when so
`ignited does not continue to burn in a still carbon dioxide atmosphere.
`
`Transportation
`Recommended limits for the environments to which a cartridge may be subjected during transportation, and
`the precautions to be taken to minimise the possibility of damage, are provided in annex G.
`
`7
`
`7.1
`
`7.2
`
`7.3
`
`7.4
`
`7.5
`
`7.6
`
`7.7
`
`
`
`

`

`- 8 -
`
`Section 2 - Requirements for the Cartridge
`
`Dimensional and Mechanical Characteristics of the Cartridge
`Elements of the cartridge
`The tape cartridge shall consist of the following elements:
`− a case
`− positioning notches
`− handling notches
`− a write-inhibit mechanism
`− a reel for magnetic tape
`− a locking mechanism for the reel
`− a magnetic tape wound on the hub of the reel
`− a leader pin
`− a parking mechanism for the leader pin
`− a sliding door
`− a cartridge memory
`− handling features
`Dimensional characteristics are specified for those parameters deemed mandatory for interchange and
`compatible use of the cartridge. Where there is freedom of design, only the functional characteristics of the
`elements described are indicated. In the figures a typical implementation is represented in third angle
`projection.
`
`Figure 1 : General view of the cartridge
`Figure 2 : View of the Reference Planes A, B and C
`Figure 3 : Bottom side
`Figure 4 : Top side
`Figure 5 : Rear side
`Figure 6 : Front side
`Figure 7 : Right side
`Figure 8 : Left side with access door open
`Figure 9 : Locking pad features in the reel
`Figure 10 : Cross-section of the hub/brake assembly in the in-hand position
`Figure 11 : Enlarged partial view from figure 10
`Figure 12 : Cross-section of the hub/brake assembly in the cartridge-in-drive position
`Figure 13 : Cross-section as viewed toward centre of reel through the teeth at diameter 37,50 mm
`Figure 14 : Cross-section of a tooth part
`Figure 15 : Leader pin assembly with attached tape seen from the top and from the side
`Figure 16 : Leader pin assembly in parked position and detail of the door in closed position
`Figure 17 : Leader pin assembly in parked position and door in open position, viewed from the left side
`Figure 18 : Location of the LTO CM
`Figure 19 : Handling grips and cartridge insertion indicator
`
`Reference Planes of the case (figure 2)
`Where they are purely descriptive, the dimensions are referred to three orthogonal reference planes – A, B,
`and C. Wher