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`CMPBOOkS
`
`1' 8*" Updated and Expanded Edition
`
`by Harry Newton
`
`Ericsson Exhibit 1038
`Ericsson v.
`|V1, |PR2018—00727
`Page 1
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`OVER 500 000 so LD '
`
`The Authoritative Resource for
`
`Telecommunications. Networking.
`
`the Internet and Information Technology
`
`MORE THAN 20,000 TERMS DEFINED
`
`Ericsson Exhibit 1038
`Ericsson v. IV1, IPR2018-00727
`Page 1
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`
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`DIBTIIJNARV
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`Ericsson Exhibit 1038
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`NEWTON'S TELECOM DICTIONARY
`
`copyright © 2002 Harry Newton
`email: Harry/@lrlarryNewtonrcom
`personal web site: wwa-iarryNeMoncom
`business web site: www.Technology|nvestor.com
`
`All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright conventions, including
`the right to reproduce this book or portions thereorE in any Form whatsoever.
`
`Published by CMP Books
`An imprint of CMP Media LLC.
`12 West 21 Street
`
`New York, NY iOOiO
`
`lSBN Number 1-57820-104-7
`
`February 2002
`
`Eighteenth Edition
`
`For individual orders, and For information on special discounts for quantity orders,
`please contact:
`
`CMP Books
`
`6600 Silacci Way
`Gilroy, CA 95020
`Tel: i-800-500-6875 or 408-848-3854
`Fax: 408-848-5784
`
`Web: www.cmpbooks.com
`Email: cmp@ru5horder.com
`
`This book is also sold through www.Amazon.com, www.Fatbrain.com and
`www.BarnesAndNoble.com
`
`Distributed to the book trade in the U.S. and Canada by Publishers Group West
`1700 Fourth St., Berkeley, CA 94710
`
`Manufactured in the United States of America
`
`
`
`“V“V"T'
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`Virtual Circuit / Virtual Memory
`
`It terminates VPCs and translates VCl values. It is directed by Control Plane functions and
`relays the cells of 0 VC.
`Virtual Circuit A communications link — voice or data — that appears to the
`user to be a dedicated point-io-point circuit. Virtual circuits are generally set up on a per-
`call basis and disconnected when the call is ended. The concept of a virtual circuit was first
`used in data communications with packet switching. A packetized doia coll mrry send pock-
`ets over different physical paths through a network to its destination, but is considered to
`have a single virtual circuit. Virtual circuits have become rrrore common in ultra-high speed
`applications, like frame relay or SAADS. There the connection might be permanently con-
`nected like a [All eren the user wants to transmit he. simply transmits. there’s no dial-
`ing in the conventional sense, lost the addition of an address field an the information being
`transmitted. A virtual circuit is referred to as a logical, rather than physical path for a call.
`A virtual voice circuit is anything from as simple as a phone with an auto dialer in if to a
`high-speed link in which voice calls are digitized and sent on the equivalent of a ultra high
`speed, wideoreo equivalent of a local area network. There are two basic reasons people
`buy virtual circuits. They’re cheaper and faster. See Permanent Virtual Circuit.
`Virtual Circuit Capability A network service feature providing a user with a
`virtucrl circuit, This feature is not necessarily limited to pocket mode transmission. e.g., an
`analo
`signal may be converted at its network node to a digital form, which may then be
`route over the network via any availrrhle route. See 1Virtual Circuit.
`Virtual Colocation First, you can spell it collocation or coloration. I prefer the lat-
`ter. There are two definitions of this evolving term. Arliacent/i’hysical and Virtual. First:
`lrnagine that you're a CIEC, a Competitive Local Exchange Carrier. Your idea is to put your
`switching,
`transmission and/or Internet equipment
`in the central office of on ILEC
`[Incumbent Local Exchange Conieri and rent some of the liEC’s raw copper circuits our to
`your customers. You are now able to legally do this. And your idea is to put high-speed
`data tug. DSli on the row copper circuits. if you put your e uipment inside the ||.Ei."s cen-
`trrrl office (inside a cage, for example) you have physicdl/adiocenl colocatiorr of your
`equipment with theirs. Some of the central offices, however, are not
`large enough to
`accommodate all the equipment that
`the various new CLECs are tr
`ing to locate in their
`central office. So the ILECS have figured a new deal. It's called virtual coloration. The CLEC
`puts his equipment in the IIEC’s central office. But the AFC installs it, configures it, main-
`tains it, fixes it, and rfoes everything necessary to keep it running. The CLEC can remotely
`monitor and remotely control his equipment as much as possible. But he can’t physically
`go near it. Obviously, the CLEC has to train the AFC“: people and trust them to do the right
`thing. See also Coloration.
`Virtual Computing A new term for software that shapes computing hardware
`into hardware that never was. Virtual computing uses FPGAs — Field Programmable Gate
`Arrays. See FPGAs.
`Virtual Connection A logical connection that is made to a virtual circuit.
`Virtual Container See VC and SONET.
`Virtual Device A device that software can refer to but that doesn’t physically exist.
`Virtual Disk A portion of RAM (Random Access Memory) assigned to simulate a disk
`drive. Also called a ram disk. See RAM DISK.
`Virtual Enterprise Network Network World of July 31, 2000 wrote If
`executives gathered last week at the annual Catalyst Conference put on by consulting firm,
`The Burton Group,
`to share their concerns. They focused art how to integrate directories
`internally and with partners’ corporate systems to help manage e-comnrerce and online
`groups of suppliers and partners, a concept Tire Burton Group refers to as a virtual enter-
`prise network.
`Virtual Facilities Group A European term. A traffic control method where vir-
`tual PRls can be created with fewer than the usual 24 or 30 B channels. This limits the
`amount of inbound traffic. For example, if a virtual facility were created with l0 channels,
`and TO calls were in use, the llth call would be reiected by the network with a Cause 34
`(N0 circuit/channel available). Multiple virtual facilities can be associated with different
`numbers on the same PRI. The end result is to limit the number of inbound call setup mes-
`sages (calls) for specific numbers on a PRI. See PRI.
`Virtual Fax A device consisting of a personal computer and an image scanner that
`can duplicate the functions of a facsimile machine.
`Virtual File Allocation Table VFAT. Afarfile systems is a file system based
`on a file allocation table, maintained by the operating system, to keep track of the status
`of various segments of disk space used for file storage. The 32-bit implementation in
`Windows 95 is called the Virtual File Allocation Table (VFAT). See FAT.
`
`Virtual Hard Drive [demos-y Factor The available syxrce on a hard drive
`partition that Windows can address as physical memory.
`Virtual Intertace Architecture April if}, i??? — Compaq Computer Corp,
`Intel Corp, Microsoft Corp. and other industry leaders today announced an initiative to
`define highspoed comnrunicotion interfaces for clusters of servers and workstations. Called
`the Virtual interface (Vii Architecture ramification. the initiative will enable a new class of
`scalable cluster products offering high performance, low total cost of ownership and broarl
`applicability. More than 40 companies will participate in the process to complete the draft
`technical specification before its public release.
`A cluster is a group of computers and storage devices that function as a sin to system.
`Businesses use clusters in
`face of individual computers for higher availability on enterprise-
`closs scalability. it is possifrle to use standard local area network {LAN} and wide area not-
`work iWAtl} technology to connect the machines in a cluster. liowever, large clusters and
`higb‘performonce applications require lower latency, higher bandwidth and additional ferr-
`tures not offered by standard lAN arid WAN technology. A system area network (SAN) isa
`specialized network optimized for the reliability and performance requirements of clusters.
`Tire tit Architecture specification provides standard hardware and software interfaces for
`cluster communications. This will spur innovation in SAN technology and make the LAN,
`WAN and SAN differences transparent to the op licarions. The VI Architecture Specification
`will support reliable, high-performance SANs, helhing clusters achieve their full potential as
`cost-efficient platforms for large-scale, missionvcritical applications.
`"Information technology industry leaders continue to lower the cast of informrrtiorr pro-
`cessing on all fronts while enabling advanced customer solutions by bringing value-added
`technology to the mass market," said Britt Mayo, director of infonnatioa technology at
`Peirnzoil Company. “their efforts to drive the creation of on industry standard for the VI
`grchitecture will make multisysrern solutions widely available at new levels of pricefper-
`ormance."
`ig system independ-
`The VI Architecture specification will be media, processor and operoti
`ming mortals to sim-
`eat. The software interface will support a variety of efficient program
`l be compatible with
`plify development and ensure performance. The hardware interface wi
`as specialized SAtl
`standard networks such as ATAII, Ethernet and Fiber Channel as wel
`products available from a variety of vendors.
`Virtual Internet A virtual internet is the service of a corporation or other entity
`that provides privatofobel diolup Internet access for its customers by filly outsourcing their
`rliolup infrastructure and support functions. In other words, the provider is not a provider,
`but a virtual provider.
`ISBN service. A car
`Virtual ISBN This is on alternative way for a customer to get
`tomer can be serviced out of a nearb central office which has lSD
`capabilities but not
`charged the eittro mileage charges as they would with a foreign exchange. The phone com-
`pany does not odrl on charges because the costs are recouped from the large volume of
`customers serviced out of the C0. A customer will usually have to chcnge phone numbers
`if the C0 where they receive their PUTS service becomes lSDll capable.
`Virtual IJ'lll A logical grouping of users regardless of their
`hysicol locations on the
`network. Racol-Datecom defines a virtual LAN as "a LAN extendo beyond its geograpltlml
`limit and flexibly configured to add or remove locations." hills are typically extended
`beyond their
`eographical limits tie. several thousand feet within a building or cfimDUSl
`by using telephone company facilities, like Tvi, T-3, Sonet, etc.
`.
`_,
`Virtual Machine A virtual machine is part of a com atei’s lrnrd disk that tlnnks IfS
`another computer. The virtual machine thinks it's a complete computer; it damn l know
`about the r’roal” computer except
`in terms of what the software creating the vrrtua
`machine chooses to share with it (like parts or networking).
`program, essen-
`Virtual Machine Facility Vii/3m. An flint system control
`multiple Virtual
`tially an operating system that controls the concurrent execution of
`machines on a single System/3 if] mainframe.
`.
`Virtual Machine WA. Software thutniimics the performance of a hardware devrcei
`For Intel 80336 and higher processors, 0 virtual machine is protected memory SW9 fl“
`_
`is created through the processor’s hardware capabilities.
`Virtual Memory i. In computer systems, the memory as it appears to the opory
`atinq programs running in the CPU. Virtual memory is typically the addition of RAM will“
`my rrnrl swapfile memory -—— partion of a hoot disk devoted solely to swai’life "fallmll'
`2. The term used with Apple filacirrtoshes to connate the ability to use disk swap fIlBS U5
`RAM. This requires the Macintosh to be running System ? rnrrf PMAAU.
`_
`_ d
`for
`3. The space on your hard disk that various versions of Winrlows (includntti W'" “"5
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