The
`
`Ericsson Exhibit 1032
`Ericsson v.
`|V1, |PR2018—00727
`Page 1
`
`Ericsson Exhibit 1032
`Ericsson v. IV1, IPR2018-00727
`Page 1
`
`

`

`The Focal
`
`Illustrated Dictionary
`
`of Telecommunications
`
`Xerxes Mazda
`
`Fraidoon Mazda
`
`(9
`
`FOCAL PRESS
`
`OXFORD JOHANNESBURG BOSTON MELBOURNE NEW DELHI SINGAPORE
`
`
`
`
`
`Ericsson Exhibit 1032
`Ericsson v.
`|V1, |PR2018—00727
`Page 2
`
`Ericsson Exhibit 1032
`Ericsson v. IV1, IPR2018-00727
`Page 2
`
`

`

`
`
`Focal Press
`
`An imprint of Butterworth—Heineman
`Linacre House, Jordan Hill, Oxford OX2 8DP
`
`225 Wildwood Avenue, Wobum, MA 01801—2041
`
`A division of Reed Educational and Professional Publishing Ltd
`
`&A member of the Reed Elsevier plc group
`
`First published 1999
`
`© Reed Educational and Professional Publishing Ltd 1999
`
`All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any
`material form (including photocopying or storing in any medium by electronic
`means and whether or not transiently or incidentally to some other use of this
`publication) without the written permission of the copyright holders except in
`accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Design and Patents Act 1988
`or under the terms of a licence issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd,
`90 Tottenham Court Road, London, England WlP 9HE. Applications for the
`copyright holders’ written permission to reproduce any part of this publication
`should be addressed to the publishers.
`
`British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
`
`A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
`
`ISBN 0 240 51544 7
`
`Printed in Great Britain by Biddles Limited, Guildford and King’s Lynn
`
`LANT A .
`
`
`
`-
`
`1,31":
`
`.-”i'.{"_‘_‘_' .
`Hn‘n'fl: Trust for
`If"an i i‘nmimi lrirl’rmmors
`
`FOR EVERY TITLE THAT WE PUBLISH, BU‘I'I‘ERWORTH-HEINEMANN
`WILL PAY FOR BTCV T0 PLANT AND CARE FOR A TREE.
`
`Ericsson Exhibit 1032
`8—00727
`Ericsson v.
`|V1, |PR201
`i...
`Page 3
`
`Ericsson Exhibit 1032
`Ericsson v. IV1, IPR2018-00727
`Page 3
`
`

`

`classes are based on multiples of 1.5 Mbit/s (TI) and three classes on
`multiples on 2.0 Mbit/s (E1). Each class specifies a maximum possible
`downstream and upstream bandwidth, taking factors such as line condi—
`tions, wire gauge, loop length, etc. into account. Classes 1 and 2M1 are
`for operating under best conditions and classes 4 and 2M3 for worst
`conditions. Progress in ADSL chipset development has allowed even
`faster rates than those in Table A.3 to be achieved in practice.
`asymmetrical duplex transmission: The process of using two separate
`transmission rates to transmit data simultaneously over the same trans—
`mission line.
`
`.
`
`asynchronous data channel: A data communications channel in which no
`separate timing information is transferred between the sender and re—
`ceiver. Asynchronous transmission occurs.
`'
`asynchronous multiplexer: An older type of multiplexer which handled
`asynchronous data channels.
`\
`asynchronous network: A transmission network which does not operate
`using a synchronous or mesochronous clock.
`asynchronous satellite: A satellite whose rotation in its orbit is not af-
`fected by the rotation of the object around which it is moving.
`asynchronous terminal: A terminal which operates using asynchronous
`transmission. It is also often referred to as an ASCII terminal or a dumb
`terminal.
`
`Asynchronous Time Division Multiplexing (ATDM): A Time Division
`Multiplexing (TDM) technique which uses asynchronous transmission.
`Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM): A packet switching communica—
`tions standard which uses packets of constant length, called ATM cells.
`These cells are routed through the network by reference to address
`information rather than by their position in aframe. Operation is connec—
`tion mode by setting up virtual channels. ATM is able to carry a mix of
`trafiic types: voice, data, and video.
`asynchronous transmission: A communication system in which there is
`no timing relationship between different elements. Transmission in an
`asynchronous system occurs with use of start bits and stop bits. See also
`anisochronous system and synchronous transmission.
`ATB: All Trunks Busy.
`ATC: ATM Transfer Capabilities.
`ATDM: Asynchronous Time Division Multiplexing.
`ATIS: Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions.
`ATM: Asynchronous Transfer Mode.
`ATM Adaptation Layer (AAL): In the B-ISDN model this layer adapts
`the functions or services provided by the higher layers into the ATM
`bearer service. It comes between the ATM layer and the next higher
`layers in the user plane, the control plane and the management plane. The
`
`33
`
`.
`I
`
`|
`|
`
`+———é
`
`Ericsson Exhibit 1032
`Ericsson v.
`|V1, |PR2018—00727
`Page 4
`
`Ericsson Exhibit 1032
`Ericsson v. IV1, IPR2018-00727
`Page 4
`
`

`

`
`
`
`
`CClJ: Charge Coupled Device.
`(3CD scanner: Charge Coupled Device scanner.
`CCH: Connections per Circuit Hour.
`CClA: Computer and Communications Industry Association.
`CClR: Comite Consultatif des Radiocommunications. (International Con—
`
`sultative Committee for Radio). NOW renamed the [TU—R.
`CClS: Common Channel lnteroffice Signalling.
`CClT'l‘: Comite Consultatif International de Telegraphique et Tele-
`phonique. (Consultative Committee for International Telegraph and
`Telephone.) Now renamed [TU—T.
`CCL: Cordless Class License.
`
`CCR: Commitment, Concurrency and Recovery.
`CCS: Cent Call Seconds or Common Channel Signalling.
`CCSA: Common Control Switching Arrangement.
`CCSC: Common Channel System Codeword.
`CCSS: Common Channel Signalling System. See Common Channel Sig~
`
`nalling.
`CTV: Closed Circuit Television.
`
`JlJl: Copper Distributed Data Interface.
`lJlF: Combined Distribution Frame
`
`
`C’IC‘JCDCZQCJC)
`
`EMA: Code Division Multiple Access.
`D0: Community Dial Ofiice
`DPD: Cellular Digital Packet Radio.
`.JPSlK: Coherent Difieiential Phase Shift Keying.
`(CDR: Call Detail Recording
`ClJ‘V: Cell Delay Variation.
`CEC: Commission of the European Communities.
`Ceeiax: A teletext system, introduced in the UK by the BBC in the 1970s,
`for transmitting data over the normal television transmission signal.
`CEll: Comparably Efi‘icient Interconnection.
`cell: (l) In a cellular radio system it is the geographical area covered by a
`base station and using the same frequency. (2)111 a transmission system,
`such as packet switching or ATM, it is the group of bits which contains
`user information, and is usually made up of a payload, a header and a
`
`trailer, as in Figure C8.
`Cell Delay Variation (CDV): A measure of Quality of Service (QoS), used
`in ATM systems, which defines the variation in delay of a transmitted
`cell.
`
`Cell insertion Ratio (ClR): A Quality of Service (Q05) performance
`measure in ATM systems. It is caused by bit errors in the header address
`field and is measured as the ratio of the inserted cells to the total number
`
`of cells entering a Virtual Circuit (VC).
`
`90
`
`Ericsson Exhibit 1032
`
`Egcsson V. IV1, |PR2018—00727
`Page 5
`
`Ericsson Exhibit 1032
`Ericsson v. IV1, IPR2018-00727
`Page 5
`
`

`

`PABX: Private Automatic Branch Exchange.
`pacing: A method offlow control in which the receiving terminal regulates
`the traffic rate from the sending terminal.
`packet: A collection of bits which are grouped into a unit, containing user
`information as well as control information, such as the address of the
`destination, error control information, size of the packet, etc. Packets
`travel over a Packet Switched Network (PSN).
`Packet Assembler—Disassembler (PAD): A device which enables equip—
`ment not designed for operating over a Packet Switched Network (PSN)
`(X25 network) to do so. It takes a character stream, such as from
`asynchronous terminals, as in Figure P. 1 , and converts them into packets
`for transport over the PSN. At the other end this data is again converted
`into a character stream for the asynchronous host. There are several
`standards for PADS, defined by the [TU—T, such as X.3, which defines
`how the asynchronous terminals should interface; X28 which deter—
`mines how the network messages are to be interpreted; and X29, which
`negotiates parameters needed for end—to-end session compliance.
`packet buffer: Part of the memory of a packet switching exchange or
`terminal, where packets are temporarily stored when received or when
`waiting transmission.
`packet collision: Collision which occurs between packets in a Packet
`Switched Network or in a multiple access system.
`packet disassembly: The process of converting the packet into a message
`for delivery to non-packet terminals. Part of a PacketAssembler—Disas—
`sembler (PAD) unit.
`
`X.25 Packet network
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Asynchronous host
`
`Asynchronous devices
`
`Figure P.1 A PAD in a Packet Switched Network
`
`462
`
`Ericsson Exhibit 1032
`Ericsson v.
`|V1, |PR2018—00727
`Page 6
`
`Ericsson Exhibit 1032
`Ericsson v. IV1, IPR2018-00727
`Page 6
`
`

`

`Packet internet Groper (PiNG): A test facility available in a TCP/IP
`network, such as the Internet, in which a query, in the form of a packet,
`is sent to a distant processor and its presence on the network is deter—
`mined by receiving a confirmation back.
`packetised voice: The conversion of voice into a digital signal for trans-
`mission as packets over a Packet Switched Network (PSN).
`packet ievel protocoi: Protocol which is concerned with the handling of
`packets within a Packet Switched Network (PSN). It is at Level 3 of the
`ITU—T Recommendation X25.
`
`packet mode: The data communications mode which uses packet switch-
`
`ing rather than some other form, such as circuit switching or message
`switching.
`packet mode terminal: Data Terminal Equipment (DTE) which has the
`
`capability for handling packets, e. g. formatting, transmitting, receiving
`etc, to and from a Packet Switched Network (PSN).
`packet network: Same as Packet Switched Network (PSN).
`packet radio: A packet mode of transmission in which radio channels are
`used as the transmission medium.
`
`Packet Switched Data Network (PSDN): Same as Packet Switched Net—
`work.
`
`Packet Switched Exchange (PSE): The node or exchange within a Packet
`
`Switched Network (PSN) which is capable of carrying out all the packet
`
`switching functions for the network.
`Packet Switched Network (PSN): A network in which packet switching is
`used for data communications.
`
`Packet Switched Pnbiic Data Network (PSPDN): [TU-T terminology for
`
`a public network using packet switching for data communications.
`packet switching: A method of data communications in which the data is
`
`formed into discrete segments, usually with their own control informa—
`
`tion, and is routed through the network in these envelopes, referred to as
`
`packets. Packets occupy a communications channel for a short duration,
`
`so that packets from several users can share the same channel. There are
`two different modes for transmission, known as connection mode trans—
`mission and connectionless mode transmission.
`
`packet switching service: A public service, provided by a PTO, using
`packet switching.
`packet transfer mode: The method of data transfer between users, which
`
`uses packet switching.
`packing density: The amount of information which can be stored on a
`
`storage medium, such as a computer disk.
`PACS: Personal Access Communications System.
`PAD: Packet Assembler—Disassembler.
`
`463
`
`Ericsson Exhibit 1032
`Ericsson v.
`|V1, |PR2018—00727
`Page 7
`
`Ericsson Exhibit 1032
`Ericsson v. IV1, IPR2018-00727
`Page 7
`
`

`

`Time Compression Multiplexing (TCM): A technique which allows the
`transmission of duplex digital data by sending the data in compressed
`bursts, these alternating in different directions, as if in a ‘ping-pong’
`arrangement.
`time diversity transmission: A form of transmission where the same
`signals are sent more than once over the same communications channel,
`often in an attempt to overcome burst errors.
`Time Division (TD): A way of using time to divide the use of a communi—
`cations system, such as a transmission channel or computing equipment,
`that would normally only cope with one user at a time.
`Time Division Duplex (TDD): Duplex communication where two signals,
`each carrying different data, are transmitted over the same path. This is
`achieved by using different time intervals for each signal. This technol—
`ogy is used by the CT2 system.
`Time Division Duplex/Frequency Division Multiple Access
`(TDD/FDMA): A method of multiplexing several two-way calls using
`many frequencies, with a single two-way call per frequency using TDD.
`Time Division Duplex/Time Division Multiple Access (TDD/TDMA):
`Method of multiplexing several two--way calls using a single frequency
`for each call and multiple timeslots.
`Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA): The allocation of the complete
`bandwidth of a communications channel to a series of users for a limited
`
`period of time. Periods of empty time are usually inserted as guard bands
`between each user to prevent interference between users, which may
`arise due to variations in synchronisation. For example, Figure T.6 shows
`a six user system where the user timeslots are combined into frames, the
`frames repeating after a frame period of TF. Each user has allocation of
`the full transmission channel for an equal amount of time. The length of
`time can, however, be unequal for each user, for example as in Figure
`T.7, where users A and C are allocated increased capacity (with time
`frame repetition period TF) over users C to F (with frame repetition
`period TG).
`
`
`"—_T F ‘H_
`__
`
`
`
`
`
`
`DIE‘F‘A‘BIC‘D E F|
`|_AI‘_B__c[D E F
`
`
`
`
`
`'x -- — "A“ —~,‘,--
`J;
`\"
`nut..-
`w)
`Frame 1
`Frame 2
`Frame n
`
`Figure T.6 Frame structure within TDMA
`
`615
`
`Ericsson Exhibit 1032
`Ericsson v.
`|V1, |PR2018—00727
`Page 8
`
`Ericsson Exhibit 1032
`Ericsson v. IV1, IPR2018-00727
`Page 8
`
`

`

`a—— Virtual channel connection—+
`
`AAL l
`
`
`
`1_
`
`
`
`
`
`VP l
`l m VPT
`VP
`
`:l' — i
`|_ _
`W3 ATM
`VCNP ATM
`Switch
`Switch
`
`AAL
`.— l_
`
`
`
`+— Virtual path connection —*
`
`<— Virtual path —>
`
`Figure V.5 Types of ATM layer connections
`
`transmission of cells within the virtual channel is variable, and reflects
`the level of source activity and the amount of trafi‘ic in the system, i.e.
`the transfer mode is asynchronous.
`Virtual Channel Connection (VCC): Part of the ITU-TRecommendation
`1.150 (see I Series) for ATM. It defines the VCC as a concentration of
`virtual channel links, extending between the points where the ATM
`Adaptation Layer (AAL) is accessed, as in Figure V.5.
`Virtual Channel Identifier (VCI): Part of the addressfield of an ATM cell,
`as shown in Figure A21. The other part of this field is the Virtual Path
`Identifier (VPI).
`.
`Virtual Circuit (VC): A network operation which gives the user the‘
`impression of having an end to end connection for the duration of the
`call, although this is not the case. Virtual circuits are encountered in a
`Packet Switched Network (PSN), such as ATM, where there is no dedi-
`cated access path associated with each call. Figure V.6 illustrates the
`Virtual Circuits followed by four data packets, these varying between
`individual packets from the same source.
`Virtual Container (VC): In the Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) a
`PDH signal is transported by mapping this into a Synchronous Con-
`tainer. To this is added the Path Overhead (POH), as shown in the
`example of Figure V7, and this forms the Virtual Container. The capacity
`of a Virtual Container is specified in SDH standards by a suffix letter,
`e.g. VCl 1, VC12, VCZ, etc, as in Table V.3.
`Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN): Refers to a Local Area Network
`(IAN) which is dynamic in structure and not defined by a single fixed
`physical infrastructure.
`
`657
`
`Ericsson Exhibit 1032
`Ericsson v.
`|V1, |PR2018—00727
`Page 9
`
`
`
`
`
`Ericsson Exhibit 1032
`Ericsson v. IV1, IPR2018-00727
`Page 9
`
`

`

`
`
`
`Sender/source
`
`
`x -
`DTE
`\ Destlnatlon
`
`Path overhead byte(s)
`for synchronous
`container
`
`
`
`Container + Overheads =
`
`Virtual Container (VC12) = 36 bytes
`
`[)1 8
`
`Figure V.7 Creation of a Virtual Container
`
`658
`
`Ericsson Exhibit 1032
`Ericsson v.
`|V1, |PR2018—00727
`Page 10
`
`Figure V.6 Virtual Circuit concept
`
`Synchronous
`container (C12)
`
`2 Mbitls plesiochronous bitstream
`(32 bytes/ 125 [U s
`
`.3
`
`.
`
`35 bytes /1 25,13
`
`Small amount of
`
`capacity withln the C12
`is unoccupied by the
`2 Mbitls plesiochronous
`circuit
`
`
`
`Ericsson Exhibit 1032
`Ericsson v. IV1, IPR2018-00727
`Page 10
`
`

`

`Table V.3 Virtual Container capacity
`
`VCl 1
`
`VC 12
`
` Container
`
`VC2
`
`VC3
`
`XC4
`
`Capacity
`(Mbit/s)
`
`1.600
`
`2. 176
`
`6.784
`
`48.384
`
`149.760
`
`
`
`virtual network: A network which operates on the principle of Virtual
`' Circuits (VC) and Virtual Paths (VP), i.e. it uses packet switching and the
`routes between nodes are not permanently connected for the duration of
`call. A Virtual network could be a Local Area Network (LAN) or a Wide
`
`Area Network (WAN).
`Virtual Path (VP): In a network using Asynchronous Transfer Mode
`(ATM) multiple Virtual Circuits (VC) can be grouped together into a
`Virtual Path, as shown in Figure V.8.
`Virtual Path Connection (VPC): One of the functions of the ATM layer,
`defined in ITU-TRecommendation 1.150 (see I Series) as a concentration
`of Virtual Path (VP) links that extend between the point where VCI
`values are assigned, translated and removed.
`_
`Virtual Path Identifier (VPI): Part of the addressfield of an ATM cell, the
`other part being the Virtual Channel Identifier (VCI), as in Figure A21.
`The VPI field offers the possibility of establishing a semi—permanent
`' Virtual Path (VP), which can be used for various applications.
`
`(r)
`
`(a;
`
`(:—
`)
`i__
`
`"\3
`if
`f
`i
`
`‘-
`
`Vflx
`
`.
`
`.__
`-— I
`
`< (_‘_J) VCla
`
`
`(——(j VCI b
`7—”
`f: ~ .
`(
`(__
`‘_ _[':_'_} VClb
`
`('
`I
`("'3 VClc
`
`_
`
`Figure V.8 Virtual paths
`
`659
`
`Ericsson Exhibit 1032
`Ericsson v.
`|V1, |PR2018—00727
`Page 11
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Ericsson Exhibit 1032
`Ericsson v. IV1, IPR2018-00727
`Page 11
`
`