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`SYSTEMS
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`Ericsson Exhibit 1019
`Page 1
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`Telecommunications
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`Mobile Cellular
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`Analog and Digital Systems
`
`William C. Y. Lee Vice President
`
`Applied Research and Science
`AirTonch Communications Inc. (Formerly Pactel C0.)
`Walnut Creek, California
`
`
`
`Second Edition
`
`McGraw-Hill, Inc.
`New York San Francisco Washington, D.C. Auckland Bogota
`Caracas Lisbon London Madrid MexicoCity Milan
`Montreal New Delhi San Juan Singapore
`Sydney Tokyo Toronto
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`Ericsson Exhibit 1019
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`Page 2
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`Ericsson Exhibit 1019
`Page 2
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`Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
`
`Lee, William C. Y.
`Mobile cellular telecommunications : analog and digital systems
`William C.Y. Lee. — 2nd ed.
`p.
`cm.
`Rev. ed. of: Mobile cellular telecommunications systems. c1989.
`Includes index.
`ISBN 0—07-038089-9 (alk. paper)
`1. Cellular radio.
`1. Lee, William C. Y. Mobile cellular
`telecommunications systems.
`II. Title.
`TK6570.M6L35
`1995
`621.3845’6—d020
`
`94—41512CIP
`
`/
`
`Copyright © 1995, 1989 by McGraw-Hill, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed
`in the United States of America. Except as permitted under the Unitetl States
`Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or
`distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a data base or retrieval
`system, without the prior written permission of the publisher.
`
`The first edition of this book was published in 1989 under the title Mobile
`Cellular Telecommunications Systems.
`
`4567890 DOC/DOC 9009876
`
`ISBN 0-07-038089-9
`
`Tin- .l'prutsuring editor for this book u-cm Stephen .S'. ("l-inguinal. the editing
`.\'ttpt'r1’t'.\‘ru‘ 'l-l’t'i'.'n' Paul R. Sobel, and the {:mtt'm'timi .rnpcruisw‘ was Pamela
`A. Pultwi.
`it was set in Century .S't-hmilhmak lay l-‘RU-lnmxe ('mpm'rttt'rm.
`Techno-Type Div., York, PA.
`
`Printed and bound by R. R. Donnelley & Sons Company.
`
`McGraw-Hill books are available at special quantity discounts to use as pre-
`miums and sales promotions, or for use in corporate training programs. For
`more information, please write to the Director of Special Sales, McGraw-
`Hill, Inc., 11 West 19th Street, New York, NY 10011. Or contact your local
`bookstore.
`
`
`
`
`Information contained in this work has been obtained by
`
`McGraw-Hill, Inc. from sources believed to be reliable. How-
`
`ever, neither McGraw-Hill nor its authors guarantee the ac—
`curacy or cumplcleness of any information published herein,
`and neither McGrtiw—Hill nor its authors shall be responsible
`
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`for any errors, omissions, or damages arising out of use of
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`this information. This work is published with the understand-
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`ing [I'll-11 Mci'irnw-l-lill and its authors are supplying informa—
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`liuIl. but are tml attempting to render engineering or other
`professional services. ll" liltL‘lI Services are required, the amis-
`
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`lunce of :Il‘l upprupriutu professional should be sought.
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`This book is printed on acid-free paper.
`
`
`
`Ericsson Exhibit 1019
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`Page 3
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`Ericsson Exhibit 1019
`Page 3
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`628
`
`Chapter Seventeen
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`
`
`i.e,
`equipment. A local—urea network (LAN) offers connectionless,
`“best effort”, service for transferring variable size data packets. The:
`term best effort means that the lost or corrupted packets are not re—
`transmitted. Users are not required to establish a connection before
`submitting data for transmission, nor are they required to define the
`traffic characteristics of their data in advance of transmission.
`
`Connectionless service. ATM switches are connection-oriented. A 00n-
`nectionless server (a packet switch) attached to an ATM switch Can
`provide connectionless service. The connectionless servers are c011.
`nected together with Virtual paths through the ATM switches to form
`a “virtual overlay network,” the same as is used for narrowband ISDN_
`
`Star configuration. The physical topology of a LAN has migrated from
`the ring and multidrop toward the star (hub) configuration. As the
`bandwidth requirement of LAN approaches the gigabit per second
`range, switched star topologies are the most likely to be chosen in the
`commercial environment.
`
`ATM packet-switching techniques. ATM is a high-speed packet-switch-
`ing technique using short fixed-length packets called cells. Fixed-
`length cells simplify the design of an ATM switch at the high switch-
`ing speeds involved. The short fixed-length cell reduces the delay, and
`most significantly the variance of delay, which is jitter, for delay-
`sensitive services such as voice and Video. Therefore, short fixed cells
`are capable of supporting a wide range of traffic types such as voice,
`video, image, and various classes of data traffic.
`
`ATM applications
`
`1. ATM multiplexing and switching technologies are used for the
`B-ISDN.
`
`2. ATM offers LAN, a high—capacity network.
`
`3. ATM’s switching technique offers seamless access to private wide—
`area networking.
`
`Connection-oriented service. All ATM cells belong to a preestablished
`Virtual connection. All traffic is segmented into cells for transmission
`across an ATM network. The ATM standard or broadband ISDN de-
`fines a cell as having a fixed length of 53 bytes, consisting of a header
`of 5 bytes and a Imyload of 4-8 bytes. Each cell‘s header cuntz'i'inr. a
`virtual channel identifier (VCR to identity the virtual connection to
`which the cell belongs. An. ATM switch will handle a minimum of
`
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`Ericsson Exhibit 1019
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`Page 4
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`Ericsson Exhibit 1019
`Page 4
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`Intelligent Network for Wireless Communications
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`629
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`several hundred thousand cells per second at every switch port. Each
`switch port will support a throughput of at least 50 Mbps, While 150
`Mbps and 600 Mbps are proposed as standard ports. A switch, if it
`has more than 100 ports, is considered a large switch. The general
`structure of an ATM switch is shown in Fig. 17.8. In an ATM switch,
`cell arrivals are not scheduled. A number of cells from different input
`ports may simultaneously request the same output port. This event is
`called output contention. A single output port can transmit only one
`cell at a time. Thus, only one cell can be accepted for transmission
`and others simultaneously requesting that port must either be buf-
`fered or discarded. Therefore, the most significant aspects of the ATM
`switch design are (1) the topology of the switch fabric, (2) the location
`of the cell buffers, and (3) the contention resolution mechanism.
`
`Switch fabric. A switch fabric can be based on time division and space
`division.
`
`1. Time division. All cells flow across a single communication highway
`shared in common by all input and output ports. The communica-
`tion highway may be either a shared medium such as a ring or a
`multidrop bus, or a shared memory as shown in Fig. 17.9. This
`single shared highway fixes an upper limit on the capacity for a
`particular implementation.
`2. Space division. A plurality of paths is provided between the input
`and output ports. These paths operate concurrently so that many
`cells may be transmitted across the switch fabric at the same time.
`
`
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`Com
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`ports
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`N
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`processor Output
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`Input
`controllers
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`Output
`controllers
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`Figure 17.8 General structure of an ATM switch.
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`Ericsson Exhibit 1019
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`Page 5
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`Ericsson Exhibit 1019
`Page 5
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