The most significant computer reference source of
`its kind! Over 8,500 definitions and explanations covering
`the entire computer industry from laptop to mainf, me.
`Perfect for every level of computer user.
`
`The
`
`Author of the Leading Dictionary
`of Computer Terms:
`THE COMPUTER GLOSSARY
`
`Ericsson Exhibit 1034
`Ericsson v. IV1, IPR2018-00727
`Page 1
`
`

`

`----....
`
`•
`
`ALAN FREEDMAN
`The
`om u er
`es o
`nu u o e 1a
`
`•
`
`anaacom
`American Management Association
`
`New York • Atlanta • Boston • Chicago • Kansas City • San Francisco • Washington, D.C.
`Brussels• Mexico City• Tokyo• Toronto
`
`Ericsson Exhibit 1034
`Ericsson v. IV1, IPR2018-00727
`Page 2
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`

`

`This book is available at a special discount when ordered in bulk
`quantities. For information, contact Special Sales Department,
`AMACOM, a division of American Management Association,
`1601 Broadway, New York, NY 10019.
`
`This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative
`information in regard to the subject matter covered. It is sold with the
`understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering legal,
`accounting, or other professional service. If legal advice or other
`expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional
`person should be sought.
`
`Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
`
`Freedman, Alan
`Computer desktop encyclopedia / Alan Freedman.
`p.
`cm.
`ISBN 0-8144-0012-4 (pbk. and CD-ROM) . -
`1. Computers-Dictionaries.
`I. Tide.
`QA76.15.F732 1996
`004'.03---dc20
`
`ISBN 0-8144-0010-8 (pbk.)
`
`96-724
`CIP
`
`© 1996 The Computer Language Company Inc., Point Pleasant, PA 18950.
`All rights reserved.
`Printed in the United States of America.
`
`The publication may not be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system,
`or transmitted in whole or in part, in any form or by an means, electronic,
`mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written
`permission of AMACOM, a division of American Management Association,
`1601 Broadway, New York, NY 10019.
`
`Printing number
`
`10 9
`
`8
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`7
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`6
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`5
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`4
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`3
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`IV
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`Ericsson Exhibit 1034
`Ericsson v. IV1, IPR2018-00727
`Page 3
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`

`

`ATASPI
`
`back to its roots. It currently offers the Jaguar line of hand-held and CD-ROM
`based video games.
`
`ATASPI
`(ATA Software Programming Interface) A programming interface and Enhanced
`IDE manager from Future Domain Corporation for Enhanced IDE devices. It
`supports the IDE hard disk interface (ATA) and Enhanced IDE CD-ROM and tape
`interface (ATAPI) and provides improved 32-bit performance under DOS and
`Windows 3.1.
`
`AT Attachment
`SeeATA.
`
`AT bus
`Refers to the 16-bit bus introduced with the IBM AT. It was the early term for
`what is today called the "ISA bus."
`
`AT class
`Refers to second-generation PCs that use the 286 CPU and the 16-bit AT (ISA) bus.
`In the mid 1980s, AT class machines were the high-speed PCs of the day.
`
`AT command set
`A series of machine instructions used to activate features on an intelligent modem.
`Developed by Hayes Microcomputer Products, Inc., and formally called the Hayes
`Standard AT Command Set, it is used entirely or partially by most every modem
`manufacturer. AT is a mnemonic code for ATtention, which is the prefix that
`initiates each command to the modem. See Hayes Smartmodem.
`
`ATE
`(Automatic Test Equipment) Machines that test electronic systems, primarily chips.
`See EDA and DTA.
`
`AT interface
`See AT bus. See also ATA.
`
`AT keyboard
`An 84-key keyboard provided with the PC AT. It corrected the non-standard
`placement of the PC's return and left shift keys. See PC keyboard and Enhanced
`keyboard
`
`ATM
`(1) (Asynchronous Transfer Mode)
`(2) (Automatic Teller Machine)
`(3) See Adobe Type Manager.
`
`(1) (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) A high-speed cell-switching network technology
`for LANs and WANs that handles data and realtime voice and video. It combines
`the high efficiency of packet switching used in data networks, with the guaranteed
`bandwidth of circuit switching used in voice networks. ATM is defined in the
`.....,.
`Broadband ISDN (BISON) standard.
`When implemented by the telephone companies, ATM will provide "bandwidth on
`demand" by charging customers for the amount of data they send rather than fixed(cid:173)
`cost digital lines (OSI, DS3, etc.) that often go underutilized. Unlike leased lines,
`which are point to point, ATM can switch data to any ATM node worldwide.
`ATM data rates are scalable starting as low as 1.5 Mbps with intermediate speeds of
`25 , 51 and 100 Mbps to high speeds of 155, 622 Mbps and up into the gigabit
`range .
`
`. -----------------------------------------------""'
`
`,,
`
`48
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`Page 4
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`

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`The Ubiquitous
`ATM
`Could we live
`without them?
`
`atomic force microscope
`
`ATM is currently used in "LANs connecting high-speed workstations, but adapters
`for personal computers are available, and the prices are dropping. It is expected that
`ATM will become widely used for both lANs and WANs.
`ATM works by chopping all traffic into 53-byte cells, or packets. The fixed-length
`packet allows very fast switches to be built, and the small packet size ensures that
`voice and video frames can be inserted into the stream often enough for realtime
`transmission.
`ATM can also encompass frame relay
`traffic by breaking up frame relay's .
`variable-length frames into ATM cells.
`ATM provides nerwork services at the
`same level as Ethernet and Token Ring
`(OSI layers 1 and 2) .
`For an excellent booklet called
`"Asynchronous Transfer Mode:
`Bandwidth for the Future, " which
`explains many technical details of
`ATM, contact Advanstar Marketing
`Services, Cleveland, OH, 800/598-
`6008, fax 216/891-2726. See ATM
`Forum.
`(2) (Automatic Teller Machine) A
`banking terminal that accepts deposits
`and dispenses cash. Stand alone or
`online to a central computer, ATMs are
`activated by inserting a cash or credit
`card char contains the user's account
`number on a magnetic stripe.
`
`ATM Forum
`A membership organization founded in 1991 to promore ATM nerworking
`technology. It works with ANSI and the ITU to set standards. Its first specification
`in 1992 defined the User-Nerwork Interface (UNI). Technical committees work on
`various projects in order to accelerate standards. Address: 480 San Antonio Rd.,
`Suite 100, Mountain View, CA 94040, 415/962-2585 (fax 415/941-0849).
`ATM.INI
`A Windows configuration file that contains the locations of installed Type 1 fonts. It
`contains the path to both the PFB and PFM files .
`
`AT motherboard
`A motherboard that uses the same form factor as the original IBM AT. Most PCs
`today use the smaller baby AT motherboards, which are approximately 9xl0" in size.
`In 1995, Intel introduced the successor to the baby AT board, called the ATX,
`which includes built-in multimedia. PCs are expected to migrate to ATX over time.
`SeeAIX
`atom
`In list processing languages, a single element in a list.
`atomic
`Indivisible. An atomic operation, or atomicity, implies an operation that must be
`performed entirely or not at all. For example, if machine failure prevents a
`transaction to be processed to completion, the system will be rolled back to the start
`of the transaction. See two-phase commit.
`atomic force microscope
`A device used to detect atoms in a molecule. In 1992, IBM demonstrated a
`
`49
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`Ericsson Exhibit 1034
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`Page 5
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`

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`packet
`
`624
`
`packet
`A block of data (a frame) used for transmission in LANs and packet switching
`systems.
`packet cellular
`The transmission of data over the cellular network. Data is divided into packets, or
`frames, for error checking. Contrast with circuit cellular. See CDPD and wireless.
`packetized voice
`The transmission of realtime voice in a packet switching network.
`packet overhead
`Refers to the time it takes to transmit data on a packet-switched network. Each
`packet requires extra bytes of format information, which, combined with the
`assembly and dissassembly of packets, reduces the overall transmission speed of the
`raw data.
`packet radio
`The wireless transmission of data, which is divided into packets, or frames, for error
`checking. See Ardis and Mobitex.
`packet switching
`A networking technology used in wide area networks (WANs) that breaks up a
`message into smaller packets for transmission and switches them to their required
`destination. Unlike circuit switching, which requires a constant point-to-point
`circuit to be established, each packet in a packet switched network contains a
`destination address. Thus all packets in a single message do not have to travel the
`same path. They can be dynamically routed over the network as circuits become
`available or unavailable. The destination computer reassembles the packets back into
`their proper sequence.
`Packet switching efficiently handles messages of different lengths and priorities. By
`accounting for packets sent, a public network can charge customers for only the data
`they transmit. Packet switching is suitable for data, but not realtime voice and
`video.
`The international standard for wide area packet switching networks is X.25, which
`was defined when all circuits were analog and very susceptible to interference.
`Newer technologies, such as frame relay and SMDS are designed for today's almost(cid:173)
`error-free digital lines.
`ATM uses a cell-switching technology that provides the bandwidth-sharing
`efficiency of packet switching with the guaranteed bandwith of circuit switching.
`Public packet switching networks may provide value added services, such as protocol
`conversion and electronic mail. Contrast with circuit switching.
`packing density
`The number of bits or tracks per inch of recording surface. Also refers to the
`number of memory bits or other electronic components on a chip.
`pad
`(1) To fill a data structure with padding characters.
`(2) (PAD) (Packet Assembler/Disassembler) A c;;ii'l'lnunications device that formats
`outgoing data into packets of the required length for transmission in an X.25 packet
`switching network. It also strips the data out of incoming packets.
`padding
`Characters used to fill up unused portions of a data structure, such as a field or
`communications message. A field may be padded with blanks, zeros or nulls.
`
`Ericsson Exhibit 1034
`Ericsson v. IV1, IPR2018-00727
`Page 6
`
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