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`3]
`/
`
`EDITOR IN CHIEF
`
`McGRAW-HILL BOOK COMPANY
`
`New York
`St. Louis
`San Francisco
`
`McGraw-Hill
`DICTIONARY OF
`SCIENTIFIC AND
`
`
`
` Sybil P. Parker
`
`Caracas._Colorado Springs BAKER. BOTTSue
`
`Auckland
`Bogota
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`Hamburg
`Lisbon
`London
`Madrid
`Mexico
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`OklahomaCit
`Panama
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`Sao Paulo
`Singapore
`Sydney
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`Toronto
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`-) FEB 24 2004
`
`HOUSTON LIBRARY
`
`‘HALLIBURTON, Exh. 1016, p. 0001
`
`ere TRWE TS
`
`HALLIBURTON, Exh. 1016, p. 0001
`
`

`

`
`
`
`On the cover: Pattern produced from white light by a computer-generated
`diffraction plate containing 529 square apertures arranged in a 23 x 23 array.
`(R. B. Hoover, Marshall Space Flight Center)
`Onthetitle pages: Aerial photograph of the Sinai Peninsula made by Gemini
`spacecraft. (NASA)
`
`
`
`Included in this Dictionary are definitions which have been published previouslyin the following
`works: P. B. Jordain, Condensed Computer Encyclopedia, Copyright © 1969 by McGraw-Hill, Inc.
`All rights reserved. J. Markus, Electronics and Nucleonics Dictionary, Ath ed., Copyright © 1960,
`1966, 1978 by McGraw-Hill,Inc. All rights reserved. J. Quick,Artists’ and Illustrators’ Encyclopedia,
`Copyright © 1969 by McGraw-Hill, Inc. All rights reserved. Blakiston’s Gould Medical Dictionary,
`3d ed., Copyright © 1956, 1972 by McGraw-Hill, Inc. All rights reserved. T. Baumeister and
`L. S. Marks, eds., Standard Handbookfor Mechanical Engineers, 7th ed., Copyright © 1958, 1967
`by McGraw-Hill, Inc. All rights reserved.
`In addition, material has been drawn from the following references: R. E. Huschke, Glossary of
`Meteorology, American Meteorological Society, 1959; U.S. Air Force Glossary ofStandardized Terms,
`AF Manual 11-1, vol. 1, 1972; Communications-Electronics Terminology, AF Manual 11-1, vol. 3,
`1970; W. H. Allen,ed., Dictionary of Technical Terms for Aerospace Use, Ist ed., National Aero-
`nautics and Space Administration, 1965; J. M. Gilliland, Solar-Terrestrial Physics: A Glossary of
`Terms and Abbreviations, Royal Aircraft Establishment Technical Report 67158, 1967; Glossary of
`Air Traffic Control Terms, Federal Aviation Agency; A Glossary ofRange Terminology, White Sands
`Missile Range, New Mexico, National Bureau of Standards, AD 467-424; A DOD Glossary ofMapping,
`Charting and Geodetic Terms, 1st ed., Department of Defense, 1967; P. W. Thrush, comp. and ed.,
`A Dictionary of Mining, Mineral, and Related Terms, Bureau of Mines, 1968; Nuclear Terms: A
`Glossary, 2d ed., Atomic Energy Commission; F. Casey, ed., Compilation of Terms in Information
`Sciences Technology, Federal Council for Science and Technology, 1970; Glossary of Stinfo Termi-
`nology, Office of Aerospace Research, U.S. Air Force, 1963; Naval Dictionary ofElectronic, Tech-
`nical, and Imperative Terms, Bureau of Naval Personnel, 1962; ADP Glossary, Department of the
`Navy, NAVSO P-3097.
`
`McGRAW-HILL DICTIONARY OF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL TERMS,
`Fourth Edition
`Copyright © 1989, 1984, 1978, 1976, 1974 by McGraw-Hill, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in
`the United States of America. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976,
`no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored
`+a a data baseorretrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher.
`234567890
`pOw/DOW
`895432109
`
`ISBN 0-07-045270-9
`
`Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
`
`McGraw-Hill dictionary of scientific and technical terms.
`
`1. Seience—Dictionaries.
`I. Parker, Sybil P.
`1989
`Q123.M34
`ISBN 0-07-045270-9
`
`2. Technology-—Dictionaries.
`
`503/21
`
`88-13490
`
`For more information about other McGraw-Hill materials, call 4-800-2-MCGRAWin the
`United States. In other countries, call your nearest McGraw-Hill office.
`HALLIBURTON, Exh. 1016, p. 0002
`
`HALLIBURTON, Exh. 1016, p. 0002
`
`

`

`the radiation of radio waves; it includes benefits derived from
`Electric or magnetic
`[ELecrRoMAG]
`radio field intensity
`radar and intercept services.
`{ 'rad-€d 'kaunt-ar,mezh-orz }
`field intensity at a given location associated with the passage
`radio deception [commun]
`Theuseofradio to deceive the
`of radio waves.
`{ 'rad-86 ‘féld in,ten-sad-é }
`enemy, as by sending false dispatches or using enemy call
`radio field-to-noise ratio
`[ELECTROMAG] Ratio, at a given
`signs.
`{ ‘rad-é-3 di'sep:shan }
`location, of the radio field intensity of the desired wave to the
`radiodermatitis
`[MED] Degenerative changes in the skin
`noise field intensity.
`{ 'rad-6-6 'féld to 'ndiz ,ra-shd }
`following excessive exposure to ionizing radiation. Also
`radio fix
`[commun] Determination of the position of the
`known asradiation dermatitis.
`{ ‘rad-€-6,dar-ma'tid-as
`}
`source of. radio signals by obtaining cross bearings on the
`radio detection
`[ENG]
`‘The detection of the presence of an
`transmitter with two or more radio direction finders in different
`object by radiolocation without precise determination ofits
`locations, then computing the position by triangulation.
`[NAV]
`position. { 'rad-€6 di'tek-shan }
`1. Determinationofthe position ofa vessel oraircraft equipped
`radio detection and location
`[ENG] Use of an electronic
`with direction-finding equipment by ascertaining the direction
`system to detect, locate, and predict future positions of earth
`of radio signals received from two or more transmittingstations
`satellites.
`{ 'rad-é-6 di'tek-shon on 16'ka-shon }
`of knownlocation and then computing the position by trian-
`radio detection and ranging See radar.
`{ 'rad-é-6 di'tek-shan
`gulation.
`2. Determination of position of an aircraft in flight
`an 'ranjin }
`:
`by identification of a radio beaconor by locating the intersection
`Radio Determination Satellite Services
`[commuUN] A sys-
`of two radio beams.
`{ 'rad-66 ,fiks }
`tem which enables a user with.a hand-held transceiver, com-
`radio fixing aid
`[NAv] Equipment making use ofradio to
`municating with a central groundstation throughsatellite relays
`assist in the determination of a geographical position.
`{ 'rad-
`in stationary orbit, to determine his or her position to within
`&6 'fiks-in ,ad }
`several feet or a few meters. Abbreviated RDSS..
`{ 'rad-é6
`[ELECTROMAG] A frequency at which co-
`radio frequency
`di,tar‘ma'na-shon 'sad-al it ,sar-varsoz }
`herent electromagnetic radiation of energy is useful for com-
`radio direction finder
`[Nav] A radio aid to navigation that
`munication purposes; roughly the range from 10 kilohertz to
`uses a rotatable loop or other highly directional antenna ar-
`100 gigahertz. Abbreviated rf.
`{ 'rad-@-d ,fré-kwansé }
`rangementto determinethe direction ofarrival of a radio signal.
`radio-frequencyalternator
`[ELEC]
`A rotating-type alter-
`Abbreviated RDF. Also known asdirection finder.
`{ 'rad-é
`nator designed to produce high power at frequencies above
`6 di'rek-shon _,fin-dor }
`power-line values but generally lower than 100,000 hertz; used
`radio direction-finder station [commun] A land-based ra-
`chiefly for high-frequency heating.
`{ 'rad-é6 'fré-kwanrsé 'l-
`dio station equipped with special apparatus for determining the
`to,nad-ar}
`RADIO-FREQUENCY
`direction of radio signals transmitted by ships and other sta-
`[ELECTR] An amplifier that am-
`radio-frequency amplifier
`AMPLIFIER
`tions.
`{ ‘rad:6:6 di'rek-shan ,fin-dor,std:shon }
`plifies the high-frequency signals commonly used in radio com-
`radio direction finding [Nav] A procedure for determining
`munications.
`{ 'rad-6-6 |fré-kwan-sé ‘am-pla,fi-or }
`
`the bearing at a receiving pointof the source of a radio signal
`radio-frequency bandwidth
`[commun] Band of frequen-
`
`
`by observing the direction of arrival of the wave front.
`{ 'rad-
`cies comprising 99% of the total radiated power extended to
`
`6 di'rek-shan ,find-in }
`include any discrete frequency on which the poweris at least
`
`radio Doppler
`[ENG] Direct determination of the radial com-
`0.25% of the total radiated power.
`{ 'rad-@6 'fré-kwon-sé
`
`ponentof the relative velocity of an object by an observed
`‘band, width }
`
`frequency change due to such velocity.
`{ 'rad-é-6 'dap:lor}
`radio-frequency cable [gLECTROMAG]Acable havingelec-
`
`radio duct’
`(GeopHys]
`© An atmospheric layer, typically shal-
`‘tric conductors separated from each other by a continuous
`
`low and almost horizontal, in which radio waves propagatein
`homogeneousdielectric or by touching or interlocking spacer
`
`an anomalous fashion; ducts occur when, due to sharp inver-
`beads; designed primarily to conduct radio-frequency energy
`
`sions of temperature or humidity, the vertical gradient of the
`with low losses. Also known as RG line.
`{ 'rid-@- ‘fré:
`
`radio index of refraction exceeds a critical value.
`{ 'rad-8-3
`kwan:sé ,ka-bal }
`:
`
`idakt }
`oe
`[ELECTROMAG] A tun-
`radio-frequency cavity preselector
`
`{ 'rad-€:6 ,ek-d }
`tadio echo See radar return.
`able cavity resonatorin an ultra-high-frequencycircuit, which
`
`radio echo observation
`[ENG] A method of determining
`is similar in function to a tuned resonant circuit.
`{ 'rad-é-6
`
`the distance of objects in the atmosphere or outer space,
`in
`ifré-kwan-sé 'kav-od-é ,pré-si'lek-tar }
`
`which a radarpulse is directed at the object and the time that
`radio-frequency choke
`[ELEC] A coil designed and used
`
`elapses from transmission ofthe pulse to reception ofa reflected
`specifically to block the flow of radio-frequency current while
`
`pulse is measured.
`{ 'rad-é-6 \ek6 ,4b-zar'va-shan}
`passing lower frequencies or direct current.
`{ 'rad-é-6 'fré-
`
`tadioecology
`[scoL] The interdisciplinary study of orga-
`kwoanrsé ,chak }
`:
`
`nisms, radionuclides, ionizing radiation, and the environment.
`radio-frequency component
`[commMUN] Portion ofa signal
`{ rd-6-6-8'kal-o-jé }
`:
`“or wave whichconsists only of the radio-frequencyalternations,
`tadioelectric meteorology See radio meteorology.
`and not including its audio rate of change in amplitude fre-
`
`Gi'lek-trik méd-E-a'ral-o-jé }
`.
`quency.
`{ ‘rad-é-6 |fré-kwon-sé kom,po-nont}
`
`radio element
`[Nuc PHYs] A radioactive isotope of an ele-
`radio-frequency current
`[ELec] Alternating current having
`
`ment, or a sample consisting of one or moreradioactive isotopes
`a frequency higher than 10,000 hertz.
`{ 'rad-86 'fré-kwanssé
`
`of an element.
`{ ‘rd-é-6 ‘el-omont }
`ikerrant}
`:
`
`tadio emission
`[ELECTROMAG] The emission ofradio-fre-
`[ELECTR]
`radio-frequencyfilter
`Anelectric filter which en-
`
`quency electromagnetic radiation by oscillating charges or cur-
`hances signals at certain radio frequenciesor attenuatessignals
`
`Tents.
`{ 'rad-é-3 i,mish-on }
`at undesired radio frequencies.
`{ 'rid-&-6 'frékwan+sé,fil-tar }
`
`Theenergy carried by radio-
`tadio energy [ELECTROMAG]
`radio-frequency generator
`[ELECTR] A generator capable
`frequency electromagnetic radiation.
`{ 'rid--6 ,enar-jé }
`of supplying sufficient radio-frequency energy at the required
`
`radio engineering [ENG]
`Thefield of engineering that deals
`frequency for induction or dielectric heating.
`{ 'rad-6 ‘fré-
`
`with the generation, transmission, and reception of radio waves
`kwan'sé ‘jen:a,rad-or }
`and with the design, manufacture, and testing of associated
`[ENG] Unit consisting of a radar
`radio-frequency head
`
`equipment.
`{ 'rad-€°6 ,en-jo'nirin }
`transmitter and part of a radar receiver, the two contained in a
`
`radio facility chart See enroute chart.
`fo'sil-ad-é
`{ 'rad-€-6
`package for ready removal and installation..{ 'rad-8-6 'fré-
`
`chart }
`kwoanrsé ‘hed }
`:
`:
`
`radio-facsimile system [commun] A facsimile system in
`radio-frequency heating See electronic heating.
`
`which signals are transmitted by radio rather than by wire.
`ifré-kwanssé 'héd-in }
`
`{ 'tad-8-5 fak'simralé ,sis-tom }
`radio-frequencyinterference {ComMUN]
`Interference from
`radio fadeout=[commuN]_Increased absorption of.radio
`sources of energy outside a system or systems, -as contrasted to
`
`Waves passing throughthe lower layers of the ionosphere due
`electromagnetic interference generated inside systems. Ab-
`
`to a sudden and abnormalincreasein ionization in these regions;
`breviated RFI.
`{ ‘rad-€-6 !fré-kwanssé ,in-tor'firons }
`Signals as receivers then fade out or disappear. Also known
`radio-frequency line See radio-frequency transmission line.
`
`as fadeout.
`{ 'rad-6-6 ‘fad aut }
`{ ‘rad'fré-kwon'sé ,lin }
`tadio fan-marker beacon See fan-marker beacon.
`precise
`The
`[ELECTR]
`radio-frequency measurement
`
`fan marker ,bé-kon }
`measurement of frequencies above the audible range by any of
`
`
`
`
`
`{ ‘rad-é-0
`
`HALLIBURTON, Exh. 1016, p. 0003
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`radio deception
`
`radio-frequency measurement
`
`1553
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Typical radio-frequency
`amplifier circuits with (a) bipolar
`transistor and (b) field-effect
`transistor. AGC
`= automatic gain
`control: Vcc = collector supply
`voltage; Vpp = drain supply
`voltage.
`
`{ trad-é-
`
`{ 'rad-6S
`
`HALLIBURTON, Exh. 1016, p. 0003
`
`