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`Microsoit;
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`
`THE ULTIMATE COMPUTER REFERENCE
`
`Microsoft Press
`
`
`
`
`0""
`
`Entries
`wlfllonltne updates
`mllablo quarhlty
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`* Three new appendixes, including Y2K, file
`extensions, and Internet domains
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`0 Searchable text on CD-ROM
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`- Extensive coverage of hardware, software, the
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`' Detailed illustrations and diagrams for easy reference
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`Petitioner Barco’s Exhibit 1005 Page 1 of 7
`
`Petitioner Barco’s Exhibit 1005
`Page 1 of 7
`
`

`

`MicrosofrPreSS
`
`puter
`
`WE”
`
`Petitioner Barco’s Exhibit 1005
`Page 2 of 7
`
`

`

`PUBLISHED BY
`
`Microsoft Press
`
`A Division of Microsoft Corporation
`One Microsoft Way
`Redmond, Washington 98052—6399
`
`Copyright © 1999 by Microsoft Corporation
`
`All rights reserved. No part of the contents of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form
`or by any means without the written permission of the publisher.
`
`Library of Congress Cataloging-in—Publication Data
`Microsoft Computer Dictionary. -- 4th ed.
`p. cm.
`
`Previous eds. published under title: Microsoft Press computer
`dictionary
`ISBN 0—7356-0615—3
`
`2. Microcomputers Dictionaries.
`1. Computers Dictionaries.
`I. Microsoft Press computer dictionary.
`QA76.15.M538
`1999
`004'.03——dc21
`
`99-20168
`CIP
`
`Printed and bound in the United States of America.
`
`123456789 MLML 432109
`
`Distributed in Canada by ITP Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited.
`
`A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
`
`Microsoft Press books are available through booksellers and distributors worldwide. For further information
`about international editions, contact your local Microsoft Corporation office or contact Microsoft Press
`International directly at fax (425) 936-7329. Visit our Web site at mspressmicrosoftcom.
`
`Macintosh, Power Macintosh, QuickTime, and TrueType fonts are registered trademarks of Apple Computer,
`Inc. Kodak is a registered trademark of the Eastman Kodak Company. Intel is a registered trademark and Indeo
`is a trademark of Intel Corporation. Active Desktop, Active Directory, ActiveMovie, Active Platform, ActiveX
`Authenticode, BackOffice, DirectInput, DirectX, Microsoft, Microsoft Press, MS-DOS, MSN, NetMeeting,
`NetShow, Visual Basic, Visual C++, Visual J++, WebTV, WebTV Network, Win32, Win32s, Windows,
`Windows NT, and XENIX are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the
`United States and/or other countries. PANTONE is a registered trademark of Pantone, Inc. Other product and
`company names mentioned herein may be the trademarks of their respective owners.
`
`J
`
`The example companies, organizations, products, people, and events depicted herein are fictitious. No associa-
`tion with any real company, organization, product, person, or event is intended or should be inferred.
`
`Acquisitions Editor: Christey Balm
`Project Editor: Kim Fryer
`
`Petitioner Barco’s Exhibit 1005
`
`Page 3 of 7
`
`Petitioner Barco’s Exhibit 1005
`Page 3 of 7
`
`

`

`dammit: HTML.
`
`DVNIRP n. See Distance Vector Multicast Routing
`Protocol.
`
`Dvorak keyboard \do—vor’ak ke‘bord, do—vdr’zhald
`n. A keyboard layout developed by August Dvorak
`and William L. Dealey in 1936 as an alternative to
`the overwhelmingly popular QWERTY keyboard.
`The Dvorak keyboard was designed to speed typing
`by placing the characters on the keyboard for easiest
`access to the most frequently typed letters. In addi-
`tion, pairs of letters that often occur sequentially
`were separated so that the hands could alternate typ-
`ing them. See the illustration. See also ergonomic
`keyboard, keyboard. Compare QWERTY keyboard.
`
`
`
`Dvorak keyboard.
`
`DVST It. See direct View storage tube.
`
`DXF n. Short for drawing interchange format. A
`computer-aided design file format originally devel-
`oped by Autodesk; for use with the AutoCAD pro-
`gram to facilitate transfer of graphics files between
`different applications.
`
`dyadic \di-ad‘ik‘\ adj. Of, pertaining to, or character-
`istic of a pair—for example, a dyadic processor,
`which contains two processors controlled by the
`same operating system. The term is usually limited to
`describing a system with two microprocessors. Dy—
`adic Boolean operations are those such as AND and
`OR in which the outcome depends on both values.
`See also Boolean algebra, operand. Compare unary.
`
`dye-diffusion printer n. See continuous-tone printer.
`
`dye-polymer recording n. A recording technology
`used with optical discs in which dye embedded in a
`plastic polymer coating on an optical disc is used to
`create minute bumps on the surface that can be read
`by a laser. Dye—polymer bumps can be flattened and
`re—created, thus making an optical disc rewritable.
`
`dye-sublimation printer n. See continuous-tone
`printer.
`
`dynalink n. Short for dynamic link. See dynamic-link
`library.
`
`Dynaload drivers n. Device drivers that are supported
`by Dynaload. Dynaload is a command that can be
`run from a DOS prompt under IBM’s PC DOS 7 and
`will load compliant device drivers without modifica-
`tion of the CONFIG.SYS file. See also CONFIG.SYS.
`
`dynamic adj. Occurring immediately and concurrently.
`The term is used in describing both hardware and soft—
`ware; in both cases it describes some action or event
`
`that occurs when and as needed. In dynamic memory
`management, a program is able to negotiate with the
`operating system when it needs more memory.
`
`dynamic address translation n. On-the-fly conver-
`sion of memory—location references from relative
`addresses (such as “three units from the beginning of
`X”) to absolute addresses (such as “location number
`123”) when a program is run. Acronym: DAT.
`
`dynamic allocation n. The allocation of memory dur—
`ing program execution according to current needs.
`Dynamic allocation almost always implies that dy—
`namic deallocation is possible too, so data structures
`can be created and destroyed as required. See also
`allocate, deallocate. Compare static allocation.
`
`dynamic binding 11. Binding (converting symbolic
`addresses in the program to storage-related ad-
`dresses) that occurs during program execution. The
`term often refers to object-oriented applications that
`determine, during run time, which software routines
`to call for particular data objects. Also called late
`binding. Compare static binding.
`
`dynamic caching n. A technique for storing recently
`used data in memory where cache size is based on
`how much memory is available rather than how much
`memory is assigned to the application currently running.
`
`Dynamic Data Exchange n. See DDE.
`
`dynamic dump n. A listing, either stored on disk or
`sent to a printer, of memory contents generated at the
`time of a break in the execution of a program—a use-
`ful tool for programmers interested in knowing what
`is happening at a certain point in the execution of a
`program.
`
`Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol n. See DHCP.
`
`dynamic HTML n. A technology designed to add
`richness, interactivity, and graphical interest to Web
`pages by providing those pages with the ability to
`change and update themselves dynamically, that is, in
`response to user actions, without the need for repeated
`
`158
`
`Petitioner Barco’s Exhibit 1005
`
`Page 4 of 7
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`Petitioner Barco’s Exhibit 1005
`Page 4 of 7
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`

`

`Easiest); attribute
`
`
`
`way; read-only memory (ROM) holds programs that
`cannot be changed; a read-only storage medium,
`such as CD—ROM, can be played back but cannot be
`used for recording information. Compare read/write.
`
`read-only attribute a. A file attribute, stored with a
`
`file’s directory entry, indicating whether or not a file
`may be changed or erased. When the read-only at-
`tribute is off, the file can be modified or deleted;
`
`when it is on, the file can only be displayed.
`
`read-only memory n. See ROM.
`
`' read-only terminal It. See R0 terminal.
`
`
`
`read/write adj. Able to be both read from and written
`
`to. Abbreviation: R/W. Compare read-only.
`
`read/write channel it. See inputloutput channel.
`read/write head it. See head.
`
`read/write memory a. Memory that can be both read
`from and written to (modified). Semiconductor RAM
`
`and core memory are typical read/write memory sys-
`tems. Compare ROM (definition 2).
`
`real address a. An absolute (machine) address speci—
`fying a physical location in memory. See also physi-
`cal address. Compare relative address, virtual
`address.
`
`RealAudio n. Web software developed by RealNet-
`works (formerly Progressive Networks) that streams
`prerecorded or live audio to a client, such as a Web
`browser, by decompressing it on the fly so that it can
`be played back to the user in real time.
`
`reallocate n. A function in C that allows the program-
`mer to request a larger portion of heap memory than
`was previously assigned to a particular pointer. See
`also dynamic memory allocation, heap (definition 1).
`
`real mode n. An operating mode in the Intel 80x86
`family of microprocessors. In real mode, the proces-
`sor can execute only one program at a time. It can
`access no more than about 1 MB of memory, but it
`can freely access system memory and input/output
`devices. Real mode is the only mode possible in the
`8086 processor and is the only operating mode sup—
`ported by MSwDOS. In contrast, the protected mode
`offered in the 80286 and higher microprocessors pro-
`vides the memory management and memory protec—
`tion needed for multitasking environments such as
`Windows. See also 8086, privileged mode. Compare
`protected mode, Virtual real mode.
`
`real-mode mapper n. An enhancement for Windows
`
`3.x systems that allows 32-bit file system access. The
`
`real—mode mapper provides a 32—bit disk access inter-
`face to the DOS device driver chain. Acronym: RMM.
`
`real number n. 1. A number that can be represented
`in a number system with a given base, such as the
`decimal system, by a finite or infinite sequence of
`digits and a radix point. For example, 1.1 is a real
`number, as is 033333.... See also irrational number.
`
`Compare complex number, imaginary number. 2. A
`data type, in a programming language such as Pascal,
`that is used for storing, to some limit of precision,
`values that include both integer and fractional parts.
`See also double-precision, single—precision. Compare
`floating-point number, integer.
`
`Real Soon Now adv. Soon, but not really expected to
`be as soon as claimed. One might say, for example,
`that a commercial program will have some desired
`feature Real Soon Now if several versions ago the
`vendor knew of the need for the feature and has done
`
`nothing. Acronym: RSN.
`
`real storage a. The amount of RAM memory in a
`system, as distinguished from Virtual memory. Also
`called physical memory, physical storage. See also
`virtual memory.
`
`real-time adj. Of or relating to a time frame imposed
`by external constraints. Real-time operations are
`those in which the machine’s activities match the
`
`human perception of time or those in which com-
`puter operations proceed at the same rate as a physi-
`cal or external process. Real—time operations are
`characteristic of aircraft guidance systems, transac—
`tion—processing systems, scientific applications, and
`other areas in which a computer must respond to
`situations as they occur (for example, animating a
`graphic in a flight simulator or making corrections
`based on measurements).
`
`real-time animation n. Computer animation in which
`images are computed and updated on the screen at
`the same rate at which the objects simulated might
`move in the real world. Real-time animation allows
`
`dynamic involvement by the user because the com-
`puter can accept and incorporate keystrokes or con-
`troller movements as it is drawing the next image in
`the animation sequence. Arcade-style animation
`(such as in a flight simulator program) makes use of
`real—time animation in translating game plays into
`on—screen actions. In contrast, in animation done in
`
`virtual time, image frames are first calculated and
`stored and later replayed at a higher rate to achieve
`smoother movement. See also animation, bit block.
`
`375
`
`Petitioner- Barco’s Exhibit 1005
`
`Page 5 of 7
`
`
`
`
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`Petitioner Barco’s Exhibit 1005
`Page 5 of 7
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`

`

`j sparse-est:
`
`split screen n. A display method in which a program
`can divide the display area into two or more sections,
`which can contain different files or show different
`
`parts of the same file.
`
`spoiler n. A post to a newsgroup or mailing list that
`reveals what is intended to be a surprise, such as a
`plot twist in a film or television episode or the solu-
`tion to a game. The subject line should contain the
`word spoiler; but netiquette requires that the sender
`further protect readers who do not or cannot scan
`posts for subject lines in advance by encrypting the
`post, putting one or more screenfuls of white space
`above the text, or both. See also netiquette.
`
`spoofing n. The practice of making a transmission
`appear to come from an authorized user. For ex—
`ample, in IP spoofing, a transmission is given the IP
`address of an authorized user in order to obtain ac-
`
`cess to a computer or network. See also IP address.
`
`spool vb. To store a data document in a queue, where
`it awaits its turn to be printed. See also print spooler.
`
`spot 11. A “composite dot” produced through the half—
`tone creation process on a PostScript printer that
`consists of a group of dots arranged in a pattern re-
`flecting the gray level of a particular pixel. See also
`gray scale, halftone. Compare dot (definition 2).
`
`spot color n. A method of handling color in a docu-
`ment in which a particular color of ink is specified
`and each page having elements in that color is
`printed as a separate layer. The printer then prints
`one layer for each spot color in the document. See
`also color model, color separation (definition 1),
`PANTONE MATCHING SYSTEM. Compare pro—
`cess color.
`
`spot function n. The PostScript procedure used to
`create a given type of screen in a halftone. See also
`halftone, PostScript, spot.
`
`SPF 11. See scalable parallel processing.
`
`spraycan n. An artist’s tool in Paintbrush or another
`graphics application for applying a pattern of dots to
`an image.
`
`spreadsheet program n. An application commonly
`used for budgets, forecasting, and other finance—
`related tasks that organizes data values using cells,
`where the relationships between cells are defined by
`formulas. A change to one cell produces changes to
`related cells. Spreadsheet programs usually provide
`graphing capabilities for output and a variety of
`
`
`
`
`
`formatting options for text, numeric values, and
`graph features. See also cell (definition 1).
`
`spread spectrum adj. Of or pertaining to a system of
`secure radio communication in which the content of
`
`a transmission is broken into split-second pieces,
`which are transmitted over separate frequencies.
`When a receiver identifies a spread spectrum signal,
`it reassembles it to its original form. Spread spectrum
`was invented by the actress Hedy Lamarr in 1940,
`but it was not used until 1962.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`sprocket feed n. A paper feed in which pins engage
`holes in the paper to move it through a printer. Pin
`feed and tractor feed are both sprocket feeds. See
`also paper feed, pin feed, tractor feed.
`
`sprite n. In computer graphics, a small image that can
`be moved on the screen independently of other im—
`ages in the background. Sprites are widely used in
`animation sequences and video games. See also ob-
`ject (definition 3).
`
`
`‘
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`SPX n. 1. Acronym for Sequenced Packet Exchange.
`The transport level (ISO/OSI level 4) protocol used by
`
`Novell NetWare. SPX uses IPX to transfer the pack i.
`
`but SPX ensures that messages are complete. See also
`ISO/OSI reference model. Compare IPX. 2. Acronym
`
`for simplex. See simplex transmission.
`
`
`SQL \se’kwel, S‘Q L’\ n. See structured query
`language.
`
`square wave n. A blocklike waveform that is gener-
`ated by a source that changes instantly between 31 -r
`nate states, usually at a single frequency. See the
`illustration. Compare sine wave.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Amplitude
`
`Square wave.
`
`SRAM \S'ram\ n. See static RAM.
`
`
`SRAPI n. Acronym for Speech Recognition App 7
`tion Programming Interface. A cross-platform a
`
`cation programming interface for speech reco n‘ ‘
`and text—to—speech functions supported by a co m 7
`tium of developers including Novell, IBM, Intel,
`K.
`
`420
`
`Petitioner Barco’s Exhibit 1005
`
`Page 6 of 7
`
`Petitioner Barco’s Exhibit 1005
`Page 6 of 7
`
`

`

`Mi rosoft‘
`
`-
`
`I
`FOEJHJ
`'0“
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`The Comprehensive
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`MICROSOFI' COMPUTER DICTIONARY, Fourth
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`Petitioner Barco's Exhibit 1005
`
`Page 7 of 7
`
`Petitioner Barco’s Exhibit 1005
`Page 7 of 7
`
`