The Ultimate Computer Reference
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`The Compre/aensiue Standard
`BLtsincss_, School, Library, and
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`cDiR:1m,,1
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`- Over 300 illustrations and diagrams
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`-- Exteii"s"ive Internet coverage
`
`- Featured in Microsoft" Bookshelf "'
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`.- Covers software, hardware, concepts,
`and more!
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`Microsoft Press
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`Netflix, Inc.
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`..Exhibit_103,8. .
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`_
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`Netflix, Inc. Exhibit 1038
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`Mi osoft Press”
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`W
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`
`
`
`
`
`The Comprehensive
`
`Standard for Business,
`
`School, Library, and Home
`
`MICROSOFT Pmass COMPUTER DICTIONARY. THIRD EDITION, is the
`
`authoritative source of definitions for computer terms,
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`concepts, and acronyms~from the world's most respected
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`computer software company. With more than 7,600 entries-
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`2,3OO of which are new~this comprehensive standard
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`has been completely updated and revised to cover the
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`most recent trends in computing, including extensive
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`coverage of Internet, Web, and intranet—reIated terms. The
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`definitions are based on the ways the terms are used in
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`the real world today. Extensively illustrated, the Third
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`Edition now offers a more professional.traditional-
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`dictionary format for maximum utility and ease of use.
`
`$29.99
`U.S.A.
`£27.99 ;v./1.T. included]
`U.K.
`$39.99
`Canada
`[Rccommcn dcd ]
`
`ISBN 1‘57?31-'/.46-X
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`9 781572 314467
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`90000
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`l I
`9014514460
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`7
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`2
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`MlCIOSOfl Press
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`Netflix, Inc. Exhibit 1038
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`Netflix, Inc. Exhibit 1038
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`

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`PUBLISHED BY
`Microsoft Press
`
`A Division of Microsoft Corporation
`One Microsoft Way
`Redmond, Washington 98052-6399
`
`Copyright © 1997 by Microsoft Corporation
`
`All rights reserved. No pan of the contents of this book may be reproduced or transmitted
`in any form or by any means without the written permission of the publisher.
`
`Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
`Microsoft Press Computer Dictionary. -- 3rd ed.
`p.
`cm.
`ISBN 1-57231-446—X
`
`I. Computers--Dictionaries.
`I. Microsoft Press.
`
`2. Microcomputers--Dictionaries.
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`QA76.1S.M54 1997
`004103--dc2l
`
`97-15489
`CIP
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`Printed and bound in the United States of America.
`
`I 23456789 QMQM 210987
`
`Distributed to the book trade in Canada by Macmillan of Canada, a division of Canada Publishing
`Corporation.
`
`A CIP catalogue record for this hook is available from the British Library.
`
`Microsoft Press books are available through booksellers and distributors worldwide. For further
`information about international editions, contact your local Microsoft Corporation office. Or contact
`Microsoft Press International directly at fax (425) 936-7329.
`
`Macintosh, Power Macintosh, QuickTime, and TmeType are registered trademarks of Apple Computer,
`Inc. Intel is a registered trademark of Intel Corporation. Directlnput. DirectX, Microsoft, Microsoft
`Press, MS-DOS, Visual Basic, Visual C++, Win32, Win32s. Windows, Windows NT, and XENIX are
`registered trademarks and ActiveMovie, Activex, and Visual J++ are trademarks of Microsoft
`Corporation. Java is a trademark of Sun Microsystems, Inc. Other product and company names
`mentioned herein may be the trademarks of their respective owners.
`
`Acquisitions Editor: Kim Fryer
`Project Editor: Maureen Williams Zimmennan, Anne Taussig
`Technical Editors: Dail Magee Jr., Gary Nelson, Jean Ross, Iim Fuchs. John Conrow, Kurt Meyer,
`Robert Lyon, Roslyn Lutsch
`
`Netflix, Inc. Exhibit 1038
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`Netflix, Inc. Exhibit 1038
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`gillt‘ £ll'l".l_\
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`and higher microprocessors to control access to
`privileged functions, to change data segments, or
`to switch tasks.
`
`alcgate array \g§t’ or-a‘\ n. A special type of chip
`that starts out as a nonspecific collection of logic
`gates. Late in the manufacturing process, a layer is
`added to connect the gates for a specific function.
`By changing the pattern of connections, the manu-
`facturer can make the chip suitable for many
`needs. This process is very popular because it
`saves both design and manufacturing time. The
`drawback is that much of the chip goes unused.
`Also called application-specific integrated circuit,
`logic array.
`gated \g:'r't::d\ adj. 1. Transmitted through a gate
`to a subsequent electronic logic element. 2. Trans-
`mitted through a gateway to a subsequent net-
`work or service. For example, a mailing list on
`BITNET may be gated to a newsgroup on the
`Internet.
`
`gate electrode \ga'tt‘ 9-lek‘tr6d\ 1:. See gate (defi-
`nition 2).
`
`gateway \gat’w5\ n. A device that connects net-
`works using different communications protocols
`so that information can be passed from one to
`the other. A gateway both transfers information
`and converts it
`to a form compatible with the
`protocols used by the receiving network. Com-
`pare bridge.
`gating circuit \ga‘téng sar‘kst\ n. An electronic
`switch whose output is either on or off, depending
`on the state of two or more inputs. For example, a
`gating circuit may be used to pass or not pass an
`input signal, depending on the states of one or
`more control signals. A gating circuit can be con-
`structed from one or more logic gates. See also
`gate (definition 1).
`11. On the Internet, the
`.ga.us \dot—G-A‘dot—U-S‘\
`major geographic domain specifying that an
`address is located in Georgia, United States.
`.gb \dot‘G-B’\ n. On the Internet. the major geo-
`graphic domain specifying that an -address is
`located in Great Britain.
`
`GB \gig‘a-bit‘, jig’;-bit‘, G-B’\ n. See gigabyte.
`Gbps \G‘B-P-S’\ it. See gigabits per second.
`.gd \dot‘G-D’\ n. On the Intemet, the major geo-
`graphic domain specifying that an address is
`located in Grenada.
`
`GDI \G‘D-i’\ n. Acronym for Graphical Device
`Interface. In Microsoft Windows, 21 graphics dis-
`play system used by applications to display or
`print bitmapped text (TrueType fonts),
`images,
`and other graphical elements. The GDI is respon-
`sible for drawing dialog boxes, buttons, and other
`elements in a consistent style on screen by calling
`the appropriate screen drivers and passing them
`the information on the item to be drawn. 'I'he GDI
`
`also works with GDI printers, which have limited
`ability to prepare a page for printing. Instead, the
`GDI handles that task by calling the appropriate
`printer drivers and moving the image or document
`directly to the printer, rather than reformatting the
`image or document in Postscript or another printer
`language. See also bitmapped font. dialog box.
`driver, Postscript.
`.ge \dot‘G-E’\ 1:. On the Internet, the major geo-
`graphic domain specifying that an address is
`located in the republic of Georgia.
`geek \gék\ n. 1. Generally, a person who enjoys
`cerebral activities (such as wordplay, computer
`programming, and use of the Internet) more than
`the mainstream population does. Geeks in this
`sense increasingly claim the word with pride, but
`it may give offense when used by others, suggest-
`ing inadequacy in nomtal social relationships. 2. A
`computer expert or specialist. For issues of eti-
`quette. see definition 1. Compare guru. techie.
`genderbender \jen’d9r ben‘dar\ n. See gender
`changer.
`gender changer \jen‘darch5n‘jar\ n.Adevice for
`joining two connectors that are either both male
`(having pins) or both female (having sodcets). See
`the illustration. Also called gender bender.
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`Gender changer.
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`Netflix, Inc. Exhibit 1038
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`Netflix, Inc. Exhibit 1038
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`-
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`union
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`re’-
`Uniform Resource Citation iyrffna-forin
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`sérs si-t5‘sh3n\ n. A description of an object on
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`the World Wide Web, consisting of pairs of
`attributes and their values, such as the Uniform
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`Identifiers
`(URIs)
`of
`associated
`Resource
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`resources, author names, publisher names, dates,
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`and prices. Acrtmym: URC (UR-C’).
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`Uniform Resource Identifier \yo_o‘n:;-form re’-
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`sors I-derfta-fi‘ar\
`ii. A ci1a1'acter string used to
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`identify a resource (such
`a file) from anywhere
`on the Internet by type and location. The set of
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`Uniform Resource Identifiers includes Unifomi
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`Resource Names (URNs) and Uniform Resource
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`Locators (URLs). Acrrmym.- URI (U‘ R-1’). See also
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`relative URL, Uniform Resource Name, URL.
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`Uniform Resource Locator \yr1T)‘no-form rt':’st')rs
`l6“k§~t9r\ 11. See URL.
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`Uniform Resource Name \y6{_)‘n9-form rC"s6rs
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`“n. A scheme for uniquely identifying
`n:-'1m‘\
`resources that may be available on the Internet by
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`name, without regard to where they are iocatecl.
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`The specifications for
`the format of Uniform
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`Resource Names are still under development by
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`the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). They
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`include all Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIS)
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`having the schemes urn:, fpi:, and path:; that is,
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`those that are not Uniform Resource Locators
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`(URLs). Acronym: URN tU‘R—N'). See also IETF,
`Uniform Resource Identifier, URL.
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`UniF0rum \ytR)’ni—f6r‘um\
`rt. 1. The Intema—
`tional Association of Open System Professionals,
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`an organization of UNIX users and administrators.
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`2. A series of UNIX trade shows sponsored by Uni-
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`Forum and rnanaged by Softbank COMDEX, Inc.
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`See also COMDEX.
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`vi‘). To remove software
`unlnstall \un‘in—st:'il’\
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`completely from a system, including the elimina-
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`tion of files and components residing in system
`locations such as the Registry in Windows 95 or
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`Windows NT. Some applications have built-in
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`uninstall utilities, and in other cases a separate
`uninstall program can he used. Also crafted deio-
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`stall.
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`uninterruptible power supply \un‘in-tor-up"-
`ta—bl pou’:;r su—pli‘\
`it. See UPS.
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`union \yL?)t1'y::n\ rt. 1. In set theory, the smallest
`combination of two sets that cont:tins all elements
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`of both sets. 2. In logic, an inclusive OR operation.
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`undo \tIn-dfi’(_‘J'\ Mb. To reverse the last actiUn—for
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`example, to undo a deletion, thus restoring deleted
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`text to a document. Many application programs
`enable the user both to undo and to redo an
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`action. See also undeletez.
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`undock \un—dok’\ ab. 1. To detach a laptop or
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`other portable computer from a docking station.
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`See also docking station, laptop. 2. To move a tool-
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`bar from the edge of a window so that the toolbar
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`becomes its own free-floating window. See aiso
`toolbar.
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`it. See undeietez.
`unerase \1u1—é—r§s'\
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`unfold \un—ft3ld'\ adj. See inline (definition 1).
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`unhandled exception \un—han‘dld eks—ep'sh3n\
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`H. An error condition that an application does not
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`internally resolve. When an unhandled exception
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`occurs, the operating system terminates the appli-
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`cation that caused the error.
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`Unibus \yo_o’ni—bus‘\
`ii. A bus architecture intro-
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`duced by Digital Equipment Corporation in 1970.
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`Unicode \y(T)'ni-k(')d‘\
`it. A 16-hit
`character
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`encoding standard developed by the Unicode
`Consortium between 1988 and 1991. By using two
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`to represent
`each character, Unicode
`bytes
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`enables almost all of the written languages of the
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`world to be represented using 21 single character
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`set. (By contrast, 8-bit ASCII is not capable of rep-
`resenting all of the combinations of letters and dia-
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`critical marks that are used just with the Roman
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`alphabet.) Approximately 39,000 of the 65,536
`possible Unicode character codes have been
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`assigned to date, 21,000 of them being used for
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`Chinese ideographs. The remaining combinations
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`are open for expansion. (.‘omprm) ASCII.
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`Uniform Data Transfer \y(?)‘na-form dfi to trans-
`fer, dat’:a\ it. See UDT.
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`Uniform Naming Convention \ytWi‘n9—form
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`nffinéng kon-ven‘sl19n\
`is. The system of nam-
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`ing files among computers on a network so that
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`a file on a given computer will have the same
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`pathname when accessed from any of the other
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`computers on the network. For example,
`if the
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`directory c:\p.:'zib3'\,()cttb2\..;m'.tbn on computer
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`semem is shared under the name ixttbdirs, a user
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`another
`computer would open
`\\sem—
`on
`em\pattidirs\fllemtn:e.ex!
`access
`the
`file
`to
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`c.-\pa.-Lb ?\pu1b2\ ,,.pa!brs\fu'eimmre.ex£ on semem.
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`See also URL, virtual path
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`Netflix, Inc. Exhibit 1038
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`IIIIAII
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`Netflix, Inc. Exhibit 1038