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`_
`Provisional Application For Patent Cover Sheet
`
`Address to:
`Assistant Commissioner for Patents
`Box Provisional Application
`Washington, DC 20231
`
`This is a request for filing a PROVISIONAL APPLICATION FOR PATENT under 37 C.F.R. § l.53(c).
`
`"
`4*‘
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`
`
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`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Docket Number: 1875 .003000O
`
`Type a plus sign (+) inside
`this box @
`
`+
`
`INVENTOR(S)/APPLICANT(S)
`
`Last Name
`
`First Name
`
`Middle
`Initial
`
`Residence (City and either State or
`Foreign Country)
`
`srephen : sunnyva1e,caummia
`
`TITLE or THE INVENTION (280 Characters Maximum)
`
`Networked Audio Player Transport Protocol and Architecture
`
`CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS (including country if not United States)
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`STERNE, K.ESSLER, GOLDSTEIN & Fox P.L.L.C.
`
`1100 New York AVe., NW, Suite 600
`State: Washington, DC
`Zip Code: 20005-3934
`
`Country: US
`
`
`
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`
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`
`
`I21 Specification Number ofpages:
`
`E1 Small Entity Statement
`
`ENCLOSED APPLICATION PARTS (check all that apply)
`9
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`Method Of Payment (check one)
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`Number ofsheets: _ D Other (specify)
`
`Provisional
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`Our Check No. o%5‘E.3is enclosed to cover the Provisional filing fees.
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`12
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`The U.S. Patent and Trademark Office is hereby authorized to charge
`any deficiencies in the filing fees and credit any overpayments to
`Deposit Account No. 19-0036. A duplicate copy of this sheet is
`enclosed.
`
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`The U.S. Patent and Trademark Office is hereby authorized to charge
`any fee associated with this filing to our Deposit Account No. 19-
`
`
`0036.
`
`
`
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`El
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`Yes, the name of the U.S. Government agency and the Government contract number are:
`
`
`The invention was made by an agency of the United States Government or under a contract with an
`agency of the United States Government.
`I8
`No
`
`Typed or Printed Name: Robert Sokohl
`
`0. 36:0l3
`(Ifappropriate)
`Additional inventors are being named on separately numbered sheets attached hereto.
`
`Registration
`
`E1
`
`USE ONL Y FOR FILING A PROVISIONAL APPLICA TION FOR PA TENT
`P:\USERS\MICHELLE\ROB\l875‘.187S-001013
`
`SKGF Rev. 7/30/98mac
`
`Netflix, Inc. Exhibit 1027
`
`
`
`Netflix, Inc. Exhibit 1027
`
`

`
`NETWORKED AUDIO PLAYER TRANSPORT PROTOCOL AND
`ARCHITECTURE
`
`1
`
`Inventor
`
`Stephen Palm
`870 West Maude Ave., Sunnyvale, California 94086, USA
`
`2 Field of the Invention
`
`The present invention is directed to a communications device and system, and a method for deploying
`home networking based multimedia delivery solutions. Specifically, the instant invention focuses on
`solutions for multimedia content delivery from a centralized repository, via the home- networking
`infrastructure, to IP based multimedia devices, which are connected to that same network.
`
`3 Background
`The recent proliferation of high speed home networking technologies (e.g. phone wire based, wireless,
`power- line, etc) combined with the deployment of broadband intemet access (e.g. xDSL, cable
`modems, satellite, wireless, etc) encourages and provides a foundation for consumers to listen to and
`view digital multimedia content. On one hand, users of computers have been able to play digital
`media content on their computer, but it has required detailed knowledge of operating systemsand
`application programs. On the other hand, devices such as televisions and radios have extremely
`simple and user friendly interfaces but are generally limited to receiving non-interactive broadcast
`programming. From the consumer user perspective, what is needed are receiving devices (players)
`with relatively simple to operate user interfaces in which they can interactively select content stored
`on media servers that is delivered via their home network
`
`From the system design perspective, protocols and interfaces are needed to provide communication
`between the user player and media server so that the user may navigate and select the particular media
`items to be played. Once the user has made their selection, a format for describing the pieces of
`content, the ordering of play, and other information must also be communicated between the server
`and the player before the transmission of the actual media. In the process of making selections, user
`will desire many different ways of indicating their preferences such as selection from a hierarchical
`list, searches, both interactive and submitted, content provider suggestions, etc.
`
`
`
`4 Definitions
`
`A Definitions and abbreviation include the following:
`SDMI
`Secure Digital Music Initiative
`WAP
`Wireless Access Protocol
`
`WML
`
`Wireless Markup Language
`
`5 References
`
`The present disclosure also refers to the following Recommendations, Standards, drafts and
`contributions, the subject matter of which is expressly incorporated herein by reference in their
`entirety:
`[SSDP]
`
`Y. Goland, T. Cai, P. Leach., Y. Gu, S. Albright, “DRAFT Simple Service Discovery
`Protocol/1.0”, http://www.ietf.org/intemet drafts/draft- cai-ssdp v1- 03.txt
`
`[DHC]
`
`R. Troll, “DRAFT Automatically Choosing an IP Address in an Ad-Hoc IPv4
`Network" , http://wvvw.ietf.org/intemet- drafts/draft- ietf- dhc-ipv4- autoconflg- 04.txt
`
`[HTTPUDP]
`
`Y. Y. Goland. Multicast and Unicast UDP HTTP Requests. Internet Draft - a work in
`progress, draft— goland— http udp 00.txt.
`
`
`
`BPl33l-2.rtf
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`[RFC2365]
`
`D. Meyer. Administratively Scoped IP Multicast. RFC 2365, July 1998.
`
`[RFC2396]
`
`T. Bemers-Lee, R. Fielding and L. Masinter. Uniform Resource Identifiers (URI):
`Generic Syntax. RFC 2396, August 1998.
`
`[HTTP]
`
`[ASX]
`
`[SDMI]
`
`R. Fielding, J. Gettys, J. C. Mogul, H. Frystyk, L. Masinter, P. Leach and T. Berners—
`Lee. Hypertext Transfer Protocol - HTTP/1.1. RFC 2616, November 1998.
`
`http://msdn.rnicrosoft.com/workshop/imedia/windowsmedia/crcontent/asx.asp
`
`http://www.sdmi.org
`
`
`
`
`‘ill
`
`6 Summary of the Invention
`The present invention contains a communications system consisting of a networked multimedia
`device (also referred to as a multimedia player) and a media server that may be located within the
`home network or an external network. Further it contains a method for selecting and delivering
`multimedia. Specifically, the instant invention focuses on solutions for multimedia content delivery
`from a centralized repository, via the home networking infrastructure, to IP based multimedia devices,
`which are connected to that same network. The present invention utilizes HTML and WML to
`optimize for playlists and media headers.
`
`Usable home network media include, but are not limited to, phone wire based, wireless, power- line,
`etc. Usable broadband Internet access media include. xDSL, cable modems, satellite, wireless, etc.
`The invention provides consumer user receiving devices (multimedia devices or players) with
`relatively simple to operate user interfaces in which they can interactively select content stored on
`media servers that is delivered via their home network.
`
`The present invention provides protocols and interfaces for communication between the multimedia
`devices and media server so that the user may navigate and select a particular media item to be
`played. The invention also allows communication either with at least one of a local media server
`(content repository) and media servers on the Internet. Users are provided the ability to type a few
`letters and see the possible completions after each letter is typed since a unique match may be reached
`without typing the full letters of the keyword. This is especially important since the present invention
`contemplates multimedia devices that do not have a full size keyboard.
`
`One feature of the invention is that once the user has made their selection, it provides a format for
`describing the pieces of content, the ordering of play, and other information that must be
`communicated between the server and the player before the transmission of the actual media.
`
`Another feature of the invention, is that it provides a method to allow the user many different ways of
`indicating their preferences such as, but not limited to selection from a hierarchical list, searches, both
`interactive and submitted, content provider suggestions, etc
`
`An advantage of the instant invention is that it provides an interactive search by processing of a
`database of track, album, playlist, etc., information.
`
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`7 Detailed Description
`
`7. 1 System Requirements
`
`Player Device Requirements
`7.1.1
`The proposed framework for multimedia delivery over home networks is accomplished by
`implementing some or all of the following capabilities in the Multimedia devices connected to the
`network:
`
`1. Automatic configuration of the device on the network using a method such as DHCP
`as determined by the Universal Plug-and—Play organization as described in the article
`“Automatically Choosing an IP Address in an Ad-Hoc IPv4 Network” [DHC].
`
`2. Each multimedia device will be able to issue HTTP requests (GET, POST) [HTTP]
`and receive HTTP responses containing MIME classified objects.
`
`3. Each multimedia device will be capable of at least displaying Wireless Markup
`Language compatible (WML) or HTML content.
`
`4. Each Multimedia device will be capable of being able to parse a play list, containing
`URLs of specific clips, in XML format.
`
`5. Each multimedia device will be able to resolve a host name using DNS call
`
`6. Each multimedia device shall be capable of connecting either directly to a local media
`server (content repository) or media servers on the Internet.
`
`7. Each multimedia device shall be capable of supporting interactive search by
`processing of a database of track/album/playlist information.
`
`8. Each multimedia device shall be capable of mixing remote (song title, total length,
`advertisements, etc) content and local (elapsed time, eye candy (spectral analyzer,
`etc) content.
`
`9. Each Multimedia device shall be capable of receiving "channels" designated by
`number. This functionality is equivalent to television or radio where the user selects
`a channel number and receives a broadcast if available. Since this implies multipoint
`(non— interactive) reception, the receiver must be capable of starting playback in mid
`stream (ie no header information describing the contents)
`(e.g. MS Netshow .nsc
`file)
`
`
`
`A preferred embodiment includes all the items described above. Another embodiment only includes
`items 1-4 and 8. However, it is contemplated that other embodiments may include any subset of
`these items. The present invention is described with reference to audio. However, it is contemplated
`that graphics and video will be accessed as well.
`
`Functionality
`7.1.2
`The introduction of the above capabilities for a home networking multimedia device will allow the
`device to perform the following sample functions against a centralized repository connected inside, or
`outside the home network:
`
`1. Navigate through the content repository’s logical hierarchy of media categories
`
`2. Request and display play lists
`
`3. Passive Search for specific titles using keywords (in title, artist, playlist name, etc) (Optional)
`
`0 Request a specific title for playback
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`0 Request scheduled or non- scheduled interruptions for the purpose of aborting the
`current media tifle (if any), to switch to another.
`
`4.
`
`Interactive Search for specific titles using keywords (in title, artist, playlist name, etc)
`(Optional)
`
`o The interactive search may function on the first word of a text string or all words
`in a text string. For example, if the user is interactively searching by artist,
`typing the letters "P" "R" may match with "PRince", "The PRetenders", "Elvis
`PResley" and "Bruce SPRingsteen"?
`
`S 7.2 Typical network Configuration
`Following is a sample configuration of a home- networking based multimedia delivery network:
`
`
`
`Public Media Servers
`connected to the WAN
`
`Public Home
`Media Server
`
`
`
`
`Local Home
`
`Media Server
`
`Multimedia Devices
`
`Inside the home network, Multimedia devices are connected via the home networking link to a unique
`Home Media Server, which is capable of accepting requests over HTTP (and WAP or equivalent for
`broadband wireless) for content catalog browsing as well as media streaming. The Media Server may
`respond to each request with response, which complies with the WML standard, in which case the
`
`
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`
`Multimedia device will render it accordingly to obtain the next request from the user interface, or with
`a response which denotes a multimedia object to be retrieved by the device (e.g. an MP3 clip).
`
`The Home Media Server can reside in the LAN (Local), or on the WAN (Public). The Multimedia
`Devices should however be able to function without the presence of a Local Home Media Server,
`allowing servers outside the scope of the Home Network to function as alternative Media Servers. It is
`assumed that some devices may ship out— of- the-box with the ability to directly connect with servers
`attached to the WAN.
`(This implies an architecture that can withstand long latency and round trip
`delays.)
`
`The Home Media Server address is published on the network using the method defined in the ‘Initial
`Setup’ section. In addition, as noted by the diagram, the devices will be able to issue similar requests
`to Media Servers outside the scope of the home network In similar to ordinary Web browsing, initial
`access to a Media Server will be obtained by specifying a URL. It is proposed that the Home Media
`Server located inside the local network loop will be used to locate the servers on the WAN.
`
`With the above assumptions, the actual application remains generic, and it is up to the Media Server’s
`implantation to define the functionality, as long as the implementation remains within the constraints
`of the WML language and the capabilities of the device requesting the information.
`
`
`
`7.3 Initial Setup Phase
`
`In general, the Multimedia Devices should follow the guidelines proposed by UPnP. In brief, initial
`setup for the Multimedia device will consist of requesting an IP setup configuration via DHCP, with
`the Auto— Configuration option. After the address is assigned, the client should test if the address is not
`conflicting, and try again until all retries are exhausted.
`
`Next, the device will attempt to connect to the Home Media Server. Certain devices will attempt to
`connect to a Home Media Server using a DNS call to the name server assigned during the DHCP
`session, which will, in turn, return the address of a Media Server connected to the WAN.
`
`In addition, the device will attempt to discover more Media Home Servers within the vicinity of the
`home network using the SSDP discovery method or equivalent.
`
`7.4 Sample Multimedia Devices
`
`Described below are the input and display mechanism associated with the multimedia device. In a
`preferred embodiment, the multimedia device will be capable of playing the audio signals or
`transmitting the audio or video signals to an external device (e.g., speakers or video screen).
`
`Input: 4-key - Output: 4x25 character
`7.4.1
`The following sample illustrates a sample Device which implements WML browsing for the purpose
`of navigating through a catalog containing MP3 clips. The device brought in this example has a
`capability of displaying four lines of text containing up to 25 characters. In addition, the device is
`capable of playing back MP3 content (e.g. Live feeds) directly off the Internet. The purpose of this
`sample to show that these WML browsing and MP3 playback over HTTP are sufficient enough to
`implement a fully— fledged MP3 player, since most of the menu generation is the responsibility of the
`Media Server.
`
`The navigation capabilities of the proposed device include the following:
`
`0 Up & Down buttons (scroll): Will navigate forward/backward to the next hyperlink in
`the content page
`
`0
`
`Select button: Will select the hyperlink and will fetch the next object specified in the
`hyperlink.
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`0 Back button: Will return to the previous page..
`
`After the device is booted, and is assigned with an IP address, the device will display all discovered
`Media Servers. Some of the servers on the list may be pre— defined in the device’s built in
`configuration by the manufacturer:
`
`MEDIAMUSI." S‘
`
`HOME
`
`Next, the device connects using HTTP to the selected Home Server and retrieves the default home
`page:
`
`OUR NEW HOT RELEASES
`
`FAVORITES
`RADIO STATIONS
`
`Selecting ‘Categories’ will issue a command for the server to fetch the list of categories, resulting in a
`new document, which lists the existing categories available for browsing.
`
`ROCk._...,,..
`DANCE
`
`CLASSICAL
`
`Scrolling down beyond the last visible item will result in the screen scrolling up. When the last item is
`reached, the screen should scroll to the initial position in a cyclic fashion, and the first item should be
`selected. The method of displaying the selected item is device specific.
`
`The user may play an entire list of songs arranged in play lists (typically albums) in their original
`order or in random order, or individual songs. The lists and the songs they contain depend on how the
`media was arranged in the Media Server’s song repository.
`
`BEATLES — WHITE ALBUM
`
`RRI
`YES . HIGHLIGHTS
`TALKING HEADS - REMAIN
`
`When the user selects to play a song or a list of songs, the play list is transferred from the Media
`Server to the Device using an XML script, which contains all the information, required by the player
`to playback the list. This mechanism is explained later in this document in more detail.
`
`In a similar manner, the device should be able to display Radio Stations defined by the Home Media
`Server:
`
`
`
`:
`'
`. I
`KFOX - SAN FRANCISCO
`KLSX- LOS ANGELES
`
`
`
`.'..::'.::'.::
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`
`To summarize, via this relatively simple display and navigation tool, the user may move from one
`Media Server to another seamlessly, accessing Media Servers, and content stored in them, located
`within the local network and on the Internet.
`
`Input: 14-key- Output: 4x25 character
`7.4.2
`This device has essentially the same display as the previous example, but the user interface has
`_ approximately 14- keys instead of 4—keys.
`To make interactive search possible, it is assumed that at least 14—keys are needed - the 4-keys above
`plus 10 keys that are primarily used as "digits" but also overlay alphabetical input in a manner similar
`to telephone keypads: 2- "ABC, 3» "DEF", etc.
`
`When the user has navigated to an interactive search mode, the partial keyword lookup can be in the
`category of artist, title, playlist name, etc.
`
`Input: 4/l4—key— Output: PIXEL Addressable (SMALL)
`7.4.3
`The is essentially a handheld PC, pen— input based device, or similar class device that might be
`running an operating system such as WinCE or PalmOS. No special requirements as it should be able
`to support HTML and all other necessary protocols.
`
`7.4.4
`
`Input method can be varied. Output is pixel addressable so the transport protocol must
`allow graphical data such as pixmaps. Input: Full Keyboard - Output: PIXEL
`Addressable (Medium to large)
`This essentially a PC or similar class device. No special requirements as it should be able to support
`HTML and all other necessary protocols.
`
`7.5 GUI Display
`
`In all of the sample multimedia devices above, a means is needed to display content transmitted by the
`media server (lists, titles, etc) with content generated locally on the client (elapsed time, eye candy,
`
`etc).
`
`In the traditional HTML environment, client side scripting (eg JavaScript) isfrequently used to mix
`local information with the information transmitted by the server. Client— side script statements
`embedded in an HTML page can respond to user events such as mouse clicks, form input, and page
`navigation. We will need the script statements to respond to system events (e.g. elapsed timer
`variable updating, spectrum bitmap updating, etc) as well. The script statements execute without any
`network transmission (after their initial download with the page)
`
`The WAP forum has standardized WMLscript as a simpler version of JAVAScript (ECMAscript) that
`can be used in combination with WML and WAP.
`
`7.6 Controlled Content Access
`
`In some case, and to protect content from unauthorized access, the content provider should be able to
`linrit access to its media repository only to authorized devices. This can be accomplished using the
`following proposed methods:
`
`0 The media device should only be able to access the Home Media Server only after
`completing a registration phase (e.g. over the phone, email or from the WWW). After the
`device has been properly registered, the IP address of the device, the IP of the f‘1rewall
`protecting the home network, or the subnet mask of that network should be added to the
`access list of the media service.
`
`0
`
`Secured access using HTTPS, using an authorized client-based authentication certificate.
`This may be limited to high— end devices only.
`
`
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`o
`
`SDMI based approaches [SDMI].
`
`c Any other proprietary authentication method implemented in the device, which is
`recognized by the content provider's server as an authorized device.
`
`7.7 The Home Media Server
`
`Regardless if the Media Server resides in vicinity of the home or office, or at some Data Center on the
`Intemet, it provides a uniform functionality, which to the device appears transparent through the
`simple WML script, which is used to render the screens at the device's end. In general, the Media
`Server's role is identical to one of a web server: to allow the device to navigate through a set of
`screens which describe the media titles, or the play lists, and to access the content in a direct access
`fashion for playback purpose.
`
`Clever content providers should be able to leverage this capability and to insert additional content
`such as advertising and branding messages into the actual content or to the menus. Others (typically
`portals) can use this to link a few Home Media Servers to each other, thus providing a ring of content
`sewers, which appear to the device as one entity.
`
`A typical implementation of a Home Media Server will consist of the following:
`
`0
`
`0
`
`Storage medium for the content
`
`Indexing engine that contains pointers to content location (e.g. RDBMS), and any
`additional information associated with the content. At this level, the content provider will
`also implement the content grouping into categories.
`
`0 An application server, which dynamically generates the WML content and the XML
`scripts describing the play lists based on the device’s requests.
`
`0 An HTTP server to whom the device is connected.
`
`0 An optional mechanism for authenticated device access
`
`It is the responsibility of the Home Media Server to compose play list descriptor files. This task will
`be accomplished using dynamic generation of those scripts, in accordance with the specification
`provided in this document. It is the player’s responsibility to parse those scripts, and issue
`corresponding calls to the Media server to retrieve the content specified in them.
`
`
`
`7.8 Play Lists
`
`Play list description scripts are XML files containing a list of files, which are to be played by device.
`The script can contain additional information per clip, such as graphics, copyright message and title
`description. This proposal has some similarities to the Microsoft ASX file format, which is derived
`from XML.
`
`The play list file will have the following MIME type registered: application/x- brcm hnm (where
`‘hnm’ stands for ‘Home Networking Media’). This MIME type is to be registered as a certified IETF
`MIME type.
`
`The following sample file contains two clips, which are to be played back- to-back one after another:
`<HNM Version = ”1.0”>
`<TITLE>S1'mple Play List:</TITLE>
`<ENTRY>
`<TITLE>Thi s i S the firs t: C1ip</TITLE>
`<AUTHOR>Broadcom Corpora t i on</AUTHOR>
`<COPYRIGHT> (C) 1999 Broadcom Corpora ti on</COPYRIGHT>
`<REF HREF = "ht: tp : //media . broadcom . com/sampl es/sampl e1 . mp3 "
`< /ENTRY)
`<ENTRY>
`<TITLE>Tbi s i s the second cl ip</TITLE>
`<AUTHOR>Broadcom Corpora t .7‘. on</AUTHOR>
`
`/>
`
`
`
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`<COPYRIGHT> (c ) 1 .999 Broadcom Corpora tion< /COPYRIGHT>
`<REF HREF = "htztp://media.broadcom.com/samples/sa.mpJ.e2.mp3” />
`</ENTRY>
`</HNM
`
`The device should support at least the <REF> tag. Implementing extended tags (such as copyright,
`logo etc) is optional and depends on the capability of the player. More information about ASX file
`formats can be found in reference [ASX].
`
`7.9 Technologies, Standards, and Implementations
`
`Bootup ofRAVANbox to
`
`communicate on the
`network
`Find multimedia
`
`DHCP client
`
`DHCP client with auto-
`confiuration fallback
`SSDP (with HTTP-UDP)
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`“home grown” access
`interface?
`
`
`
`media, and la lists
`
`Sucks in files from the
`hardisk or internet into the
`media server database —
`
`Media server database siphon
`
`
`
`may need CDDB interface
`
`for more info
`
`
`BP1331— 2.rtf
`
`9 of9
`
`9
`
`Netflix, Inc. Exhibit 1027
`
`Server discovery
`
`Multicast transmission (client)
`Multicast reception (server)
`Browser lanuae
`
`Script language
`
`Pla list (transmission) format
`Incremental search
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`WAN?)
`SSDP
`SSDP
`UI dis la
`UI disla
`Add locally generated
`content to the displa
`
`Start a keyword search by
`typing a few letters of the
`keyword
`
`IETF RFC2365
`IETF RFC2365
`WML- WAP Forum
`HTML-
`W1V[Lscript— WAP
`Forum
`XML ~ASX
`Query Preview Thesis
`
`_
`
`
`
`
`
`7__
`Content rotection
`SDMI
`Content rotection
`HTTPS
`M“H“°"°' _tools
`
`Media server contents database Manage all of the titles,
`
`
`
`Netflix, Inc. Exhibit 1027
`
`9