IEEE
`Std B02.3u-1995
`
`SUPPLEMENT TO 302.3:
`
`1.4.38 bundle: A group of signals that have a common set of characteristics and differ only in their inforrna-
`tion content.
`
`1.4.39 carrier sense: In a local area network, an ongoing activity of a data station to detect whether another
`station is transmitting. Note—The carrier sense signal indicates that one or more DTEs are currently trans-
`mitting.
`
`1.4.40 Category 3 balanced cabling: Balanced 100 S2 and 120 Q cabling (cable and associated connecting
`hardware) whose transmission characteristics are specified up to 16 MHz (i.e., performance meets the
`requirements of a Class C link in accordance with ISO/IEC 11801: 1995). Commonly used by IEEE 802.3
`l0BASE-T installations. In addition to the requirements outlined in ISO/IEC 11801: 1995, IEEE 802.3
`clause 23 specifies additional requirements for these cables when used with 100BASE-T4.
`
`1.4.41 Category 4 balanced cabling: Balanced 100 S2 and 120 Q cabling (cable and associated connecting
`hardware) whose transmission characteristics are specified up to 20 MHz in accordance with ISO/
`IEC 11801: 1995. In addition to the requirements outlined in ISO/IEC 11801: 1995, IEEE 802.3 clause 23
`specifies additional requirements for these cables when used with 100BASE-T4.
`
`1.4.42 Category 5 balanced cabling: Balanced 100 Q and 120 Q cabling (cable and associated connecting
`hardware) whose transmission characteristics are specified up to 100 MHz (i.e., performance meets the
`requirements of a Class D link as per ISO/IEC 11801: 1995). In addition to the requirements outlined in
`ISO/IEC 11801: 1995, IEEE 802.3 clauses 23 and 25 specify additional requirements for these cables when
`used with l00BASE-T.
`
`1.4.43 CATV-'I‘ype broadband medium: A broadband system comprising coaxial cables, taps, splitters,
`amplifiers, and connectors the same as those used in Community Antenna Television (CATV) or cable televi-
`sion installations. (See IEEE 802.3 clause 11.)
`
`1.4.44 center wavelength: The average of two optical wavelengths at which the spectral radiant intensity is
`50% of the maximum value. (See IEEE 802.3 clause 11.)
`
`1.4.45 channel: A band of frequencies dedicated to a certain service transmitted on the broadband medium.
`(See IEEE 802.3 clause 11.)
`
`1.4.46 circuit: The physical medium on which signals are carried across the AUI for l0BASE-T or MII (for
`l00BASE-T). For l0BASE-T, the data and control circuits consist of an A circuit and a B circuit forming a
`balanced transmission system so that the signal carrier on the B circuit is the inverse of the signal carried on
`the A circuit.
`
`1.4.47 Class I repeater: A type of l00BASE-T repeater set with internal delay such that only one repeater
`set may exist between any two DTEs within a single collision domain when two maximum length copper
`cable segments are used. (See IEEE 802.3 clause 27.)
`
`1.4.48 Class H repeater: A type of IEEE 802.3 l00BASE-T repeater set with internal delay such that only
`two or fewer such repeater sets may exist between any two DTEs within a single collision domain when two
`maximmn length copper cable segments are used. (See IEEE 802.3 clause 27.)
`
`1.4.49 Clocked Data One (CD1): A Manchester-encoded data 1. A CD1 is encoded as a L0 for the first half
`of the bit-cell and a HI for the second half of the bit-cell. (See IEEE 802.3 clause 12.)
`
`1.4.50 Clocked Data Zero (CDO): A Manchester-encoded data 0. A CDO is encoded as a HI for the first
`half of the bit-cell and a LO for the second half of the bit-cell. (See IEEE 802.3 clause 12.)
`
`This is angArchive IEEE Standard.
`
`It has been superseded by a later version of this standard.
`
`bit 1025
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`Aerohive - Exhibit 1025
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`
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`Std 802.3u-1995
`
`1.4.51 Clocked Violation HI (CVH): A symbol that deliberately violates Manchester—encoding rules, used
`as a part of the Collision Presence signal. A CVH is encoded as a transition from L0 to H1 at the beginning
`of the bit cell, HI for the entire bit cell, and a transition from HI to L0 at the end of the bit cell. (See IEEE
`802.3 clause 12.)
`
`1.4.52 Clocked Violation LO (CVL): A symbol that deliberately violates Manchester—encoding rules, used
`as a part of the Collision Presence signal. A CVL is encoded as a transition firom I-II to L0 at the beginning
`of the bit cell, LO for the entire bit cell, and a transition from L0 to H1 at the end of the bit cell. (See IEEE
`802.3 clause 12.)
`
`1.4.53 coaxial cable interface: The electrical and mechanical interface to the shared coaxial cable medium
`
`either contained within or connected to the MAU. Also known as the Medium Dependent Interface (MDI).
`
`1.4.54 coaxial cable section: A single length of coaxial cable, terminated at each end with a male BNC con-
`nector. Cable sections are joined to other cable sections via BNC plug/receptacle barrel or Type T adapters.
`
`1.4.55 coaxial cable segment: A length of coaxial cable made up from one or more coaxial cable sections
`and coaxial connectors, and terminated at each end in its characteristic impedance.
`
`1.4.56 coaxial cable: A two—conductor (center conductor, shield system), concentric, constant impedance
`transmission line used as the trunk medium in the baseband system.
`
`1.4.57 Code Rule Violation (CRV): An analog waveform that is not the result of the valid Manchester-
`encoded output of a single optical transmitter. The collision of two or more 10BASE-FB optical transmis-
`sions will cause multiple CRVs. The preamble encoding of a single l0BASE-FP optical transmission con-
`tains a single CRV. (See IEEE 802.3, 16.3.1.1.)
`
`1.4.58 code-bit: In 100BASE-X, the unit of data passed across the PMA service interface, and the smallest
`signaling element used for transmission on the medium. A group of five code-bits constitutes a code-group
`in the 100BASE-X PCS. (See IEEE 802.3 clause 24.)
`
`1.4.59 code-group: For IEEE 802.3, a set of encoded symbols representing encoded data or control infor-
`mation. For l00BASE-T4, a set of six ternary symbols that, when representing data, conveys an octet. (See
`IEEE 802.3 clause 23.) For 100BASE-TX and 100BASE—FX, a set of five code-bits that, when representing
`data, conveys a nibble. (See IEEE 802.3 clause 24.)
`
`1.4.60 collision domain: A single CSMA/CD network. If two or more MAC sublayers are within the same
`collision domain and both transmit at the same time, a collision will occur. MAC sublayers separated by a
`repeater are in the same collision domain. MAC sublayers separated by a bridge are within different colli-
`sion domains.
`
`1.4.61 collision presence: A signal generated within the Physical Layer by an end station or hub to indicate
`that multiple stations are contending for access to the transmission medium. (See IEEE 802.3 clauses 8 and 12.)
`
`1.4.62 collision: A condition that results from concurrent transmissions from multiple DTE sources within a
`single collision domain.
`
`1.4.63 common-mode voltage: The instantaneous algebraic average of two signals applied to a balanced
`circuit, with both signals referenced to a common reference. Also called longitudinal voltage in the tele-
`phone industry.
`
`1.4.64 compatibility interfaces: The MDI cable, the AUI branch cable, and the MJI; the three points at
`which hardware compatibility is defined to allow connection of independently designed and manufactured
`components to a baseband transmission medium. (See IEEE 802.3 clause 8.)
`
`This is an Archive IEEE Standard.
`
`It has been superseded by a later version of this standard.
`
`bit 1025
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`
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`Aerohive - Exhibit 1025
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`

`
`IEEE
`Std 802.3u-1995
`
`SUPPLEMENT TO 802.3:
`
`1.4.65 continuous wave (CVV): A carrier that is not modulated or switched.
`
`1.4.66 Control Signal One (CS1): An encoded control signal used on the Control In and Control Out cir-
`cuits. A CS1 is encoded as a signal at half the bit rate (BR/2). (See IEEE 802.3 clause 12.)
`
`1.4.67 Control Signal Zero (CSO): An encoded control signal used on the Control In and Control Out cir-
`cuits. A CS0 is encoded as a signal at the bit rate (BR). (See IEEE 802.3 clause 12.)
`
`1.4.68 cross connect: A group of connection points, often wall- or rack-mounted in a wiring closet, used to
`mechanically terminate and interconnect twisted-pair building wiring.
`
`1.4.69 data frame: Consists of the Destination Address, Source Address, Length Field, logical link control
`(LLC) Data, PAD, and Frame Check Sequence.
`
`1.4.70 Data Terminal Equipment (DTE): Any source or destination of data connected to the LAN.
`
`1.4.71 dBmV: Decibels referenced to 1.0 mV measured at the same impedence. Used to define signal levels
`in CATV-type broadband systems. (See IEEE 802.3 clause 11.)
`
`1.4.72 dedicated service: A CSMA/CD network in which the collision domain consists of two and only two
`DTEs so that the total network bandwidth is dedicated to supporting the flow of information between them.
`
`1.4.73 differential-mode voltage: The instantaneous algebraic difference between the potential of two sig-
`nals applied to the two sides of a balanced circuit. Also called metallic voltage in the telephone industry.
`
`1.4.74 drop cable: In l0BROAD36, the small diameter flexible coaxial cable of the broadband medium that
`connects to a MAU. (See: trunk cable.)
`
`1.4.75 eight-pin modular: An eight-wire connector. (From ISO/IEC 8877: 1992.)
`
`1.4.76 End-of-Stream Delimiter (ESD): A code-group pattern used to terminate a normal data transrnis—
`sion. For l00BASE-T4, the ESD is indicated by the transmission of five predefined ternary code-groups
`named eopl-5. (See IEEE 802.3 clause 23.) For 100BASE-X, the ESD is indicated by the transmission of
`the code-group /T/R. (See IEEE 802.3 clause 24.)
`
`1.4.77 Extinction Ratio: The ratio of the low optical power level to the high optical power level on an opti-
`cal segment. (See IEEE 802.3 clause 15.)
`
`1.4.78 Fast Link Pulse (FLP) Burst: A group of no more than 33 and not less than 17 IOBASE-T compati-
`ble link integrity test pulses. Each FLP Burst encodes 16 bits of data using an alternating clock and data
`pulse sequence. (See figure 14-12, IEEE 802.3 clause 14 and figure 28-4, IEEE 802.3 clause 28.)
`
`1.4.79 Fibre Distributed Data Interface (FDDI): A 100 Mb/s, fiber optic-based, token-ring LAN standard
`(ANSI X3T12, formerly X3.237-199X.
`
`1.4.80 fiber optic cable: A cable containing one or more optical fibers as specified in IEEE 802.3, 15.3.1.
`
`1.4.81 Fiber Optic Inter-Repeater Link (FOIRL): A Fiber Optic Inter—Repeater Link segment and its two
`attached MAUs. (See IEEE 802.3 clause 15.)
`
`1.4.82 Fiber Optic Inter-Repeater Link Segment (FOIRL Segment): A fiber optic link segment provid-
`ing a point—to—point connection between two FOH{L MAUs or between one FOIRL MAU and one 10BASE—
`FL MAU. See: link segment.
`
`This is an1Archive IEEE Standard.
`
`It has been superseded by a later version of this standard.
`
`bit 1025
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`

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`CSMA/CD
`
`IEEE
`Std 802.3u-1995
`
`1.4.83 Fiber Optic Medium Attachment Unit (FOMAU): A MAU for fiber applications. (See IEEE 802.3
`clause 9.)
`
`1.4.84 Fiber Optic Medium-Dependent Interface (FOMDI): For l0BASE-F, the mechanical and optical
`interface between the optical fiber cable link segment and the FOMAU. (See IEEE 802.3 clause 9.)
`
`1.4.85 Fiber Optic Physical Medium Attachment (FOPMA): For l0BASE-F, the portion of the FOMAU
`that contains the functional circuitry. (See IEEE 802.3 clause 9.)
`
`1.4.86 fiber pair: Optical fibers interconnected to provide two continuous light paths terminated at each end
`in an optical connector. Any intermediate optical connections must have insertion and return loss character-
`istics that meet or exceed IEEE 802.3, 15.3.2.1 and 15.3.2.2, respectively. (See IEEE 802.3, l5.3.l.)
`
`1.4.87 FOIRL BER: For l0BASE-F, the mean bit error rate of the FOIRL. (See IEEE 802.3 clause 9.)
`
`1.4.88 FLP Burst Sequence: The sequence of FLP Bursts transmitted by the Local Station. This term is
`intended to differentiate the spacing between FLP Bursts from the individual pulse spacings within an FLP
`Burst. (See IEEE 802.3 clause 28.)
`
`1.4.89 FOIRL collision: For l0BASE-F, the simultaneous transmission and reception of data in a FOMAU.
`(See IEEE 802.3 clause 9.)
`
`1.4.90 FOIRL Compatibility Interface: For l0BASE-F, the FOMDI and AUI (optional); the two points at
`which hardware compatibility is defined to allow connection of independently designed and manufactured
`components to the baseband optical fiber cable link segment. (See IEEE 802.3 clause 9.)
`
`1.4.91 FOMAU’s Receive Optical Fiber: For l0BASE-F, the optical fiber from which the local FOMAU
`receives signals. (See IEEE 802.3 clause 9.)
`
`1.4.92 FOMAU’s Transmit Optical Fiber: For l0BASE-F, the optical fiber into which the local FOMAU
`transmits signals. (See IEEE 802.3 clause 9.)
`
`1.4.93 full duplex: A type of networking that supports duplex transmission as defined in IEEE Std 610.7-
`1995 [A16]. Although some types of full-duplex networking are popularly referred to as Ethernet because
`they use the IEEE 802.3 defined frame, fiill duplex does not employ CSMA/CD and is not covered by this
`standard.
`
`1.4.94 group: A repeater port or a collection of repeater ports that can be related to the logical arrangement
`of ports within a repeater.
`
`1.4.95 group delay: In IOBROAD36, the rate of change of total phase shift, with respect to frequency,
`through a component or system. Group delay variation is the maximum difference in delay as a function of
`frequency over a band of frequencies. (See IEEE 802.3 clause 11.)
`
`1.4.96 headend: In l0BROAD36, the location in a broadband system that serves as the root for the branch-
`ing tree comprising the physical medium; the point to which all inbound signals converge and the point from
`which all outbound signals emanate. (See IEEE 802.3 clause 11.)
`
`1.4.97 header hub (HH): The highest-level hub in a hierarchy of hubs. The HH broadcasts signals transmit-
`ted to it by lower level hubs or DTEs such that they can be received by all DTEs that may be connected to it
`either directly or through intermediate hubs. (See IEEE 802.3, 12.2.1 for details.)
`
`This is an Archive IEEE Standard.
`
`It has been superseded by a later version of this standard.
`
`bit 1025
`
`
`
`Aerohive - Exhibit 1025
`0028
`
`

`
`IEEE
`Std 802.3u-1995
`
`SUPPLEMENT TO 802.3:
`
`1.4.98 hub: A device used to provide connectivity between DTEs. Hubs perform the basic fimctions of
`restoring signal amplitude and timing, collision detection, and notification and signal broadcast to lower
`level hubs and DTEs. (See DEEE 802.3 clause 12.)
`
`1.4.99 idle (IDL): A signal condition where no transition occurs on the transmission line, that is used to
`define the end of a frame and ceases to exist after the next L0 or HI transition on the AUI or MII circuits. An
`
`lDL always begins with a HI signal level. A driver is required to send the IDL signal for at least 2 bit times
`and a receiver is required to detect IDL within 1.6 bit times. (See IEEE 802.3, 7.3 and 12.3.2.4.4 for addi-
`tional details.)
`
`1.4.100 in-band signaling: The transmission of a signal using a frequency that is within the bandwidth of
`the information channel. Contrast with: out-of-band signaling. Syn: in-channel signaling. (From IEEE Std
`610.7-1995 [A16].)
`
`1.4.101 Inter-Repeater Link (IRL): A mechanism for connecting two and only two repeater sets.
`
`1.4.102 Inter-Packet Gap (IPG): A delay or time gap between CSMA/CD packets intended to provide
`interfiame recovery time for other CSMA/CD sublayers and for the Physical Medium. (See IEEE 802.3,
`4.2.3.2.] and 4.2.32.2.) For example, for 10BASE-T, the IPG is 9.6 its (96 bit times); for 100BASE—T, the
`IPG is 0.96 us (96 bit times.)
`
`1.4.103 intermediate hub (II-I): A hub that occupies any level below the header hub in a hierarchy of hubs.
`(See IEEE 802.3, 12.2.1 for details.)
`
`1.4.104 Jabber function: A mechanism for controlling abnormally long transmissions (i.e., jabber.)
`
`1.4.105 jabber: A condition wherein a station transmits for a period of time longer than the maximum per-
`missible packet length, usually due to a fault condition.
`
`1.4.106 link: The transmission path between any two interfaces of generic cabling.
`[EC 11801: 1995.)
`
`(From ISO/
`
`1.4.107 Link Code Word: The 16 bits of data encoded into a Fast Link Pulse Burst. (See IEEE 802.3 clause
`28.)
`
`1.4.108 link partner: The device at the opposite end of a link segment from the local station. The link part-
`ner device may be either a DTE or a repeater. (See IEEE 802.3 clause 28.)
`
`1.4.109 link pulse: Communication mechanism used in 10BASE-T and 100BASE—T networks to indicate
`link status and (in Auto-Negotiation-equipped devices) to communicate information about abilities and
`negotiate communication methods. 10BASE-T uses Normal Link Pulses (NLPs), which indicate link status
`only. 10BASE-T and 100BASE—T nodes equipped with Auto-Negotiation exchange information using a Fast
`Link Pulse (FLP) mechanism that is compatible with NLP. (See IEEE 802.3 clauses 14 and 28.)
`
`1.4.110 link segment: The point-to-point full-duplex medium connection between two and only two MDIs.
`
`1.4.111 Link Segment Delay Value (LSDV): A number associated with a given segment that represents the
`delay on that segment used to assess path delays for 100 Mb/s CSMA/CD networks. LSDV is similar to
`SDV; however, LSDV values do not include the delays associated with attached end stations and/or repeat-
`ers. (See IEEE 802.3, 29.3.)
`
`1.4.112 local ability: See: ability.
`
`This is an1¢\rchive IEEE Standard.
`
`It has been superseded by a later version of this standard.
`
`bit 1025
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`Aerohive - Exhibit 1025
`0029
`
`

`
`CSMA/CD
`
`IEEE
`Std 802.3u-1995
`
`1.4.113 local device: The local device that may attempt to Auto—Negotiate with a link partner. The local
`device may be either a DTE or repeater. (See IEEE 802.3 clause 28.)
`
`1.4.114 Media Access Control (MAC): The data link sublayer that is responsible for transferring data to
`and from the Physical Layer.
`
`1.4.115 Media Independent Interface (MII): A transparent signal interface at the bottom of the Reconcili-
`ation sublayer. (See IEEE 802.3 clause 22.)
`
`1.4.116 Medium Attachment Unit (MAU): A device containing an AUI, PMA, and MDI that is used to
`connect a repeater or DTE to a transmission medium.
`
`1.4.117 Medium Dependent Interface (MDI): The mechanical and electrical interface between the trans-
`mission medium and the MAU(10BASE-T) or PHY (IOOBASE-T).
`
`1.4.118 Message Code (MC): The predefined 12-bit code contained in an Auto-Negotiation Message Page.
`(See IEEE 802.3 clause 28.)
`
`1.4.119 Message Page (MP): An Auto-Negotiation Next Page encoding that contains a predefined 12-bit
`message code. (See IEEE 802.3 clause 28.)
`
`1.4.120 Management Information Base (MIB): A repository of information to describe the operation of a
`specific network device.
`
`1.4.121 mixing segment: A medium that may be connected to more than two MDIs.
`
`1.4.122 network control host: A network management central control center that is used to configure
`agents, communicate with agents, and display information collected from agents.
`
`1.4.123 Next Page Algorithm (NPA): The algorithm that governs Next Page communication. (See IEEE
`802.3 clause 28.)
`
`1.4.124 Next Page Bit: A bit in the Auto-Negotiation base Link Code Word or Next Page encoding(s) that
`indicates that further Link Code Word transfer is required. (See IEEE 802.3 clause 28.)
`
`1.4.125 Next Page: General class of pages optionally transmitted by Auto-Negotiation-able devices follow-
`ing the base Link Code Word negotiation. (See IEEE 802.3 clause 28.)
`
`1.4.126 nibble: A group of four data bits. The unit of data exchange on the MII. (See IEEE 802.3 clause 22.)
`
`1.4.127 NLP Receive Link Integrity Test Function: Auto-Negotiation’s Link Integrity Test fimction that
`allows backward compatibility with the l0BASE-T Link Integrity Test fimction of IEEE 802.3 figure 14-6.
`(See IEEE 802.3 clause 28.)
`
`1.4.128 NLP sequence: A Normal Link Pulse sequence, defined in IEEE 802.3, 14.2.1.1 as TP_1DL.
`
`1.4.129 Normal Link Pulse (NLP): An out-of-band communications mechanism used in l0BASE-T to
`indicate link status. (See IEEE 802.3 figure 14-12.)
`
`1.4.130 NRZI-bit: A code-bit transferred in NRZI format. The unit of data passed across the PMD service
`interface in l00BASE-X.
`
`This is an Archive IEEE Standard.
`
`It has been superseded by a later version of this standard.
`
`bit 1025
`
`
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`Aerohive - Exhibit 1025
`0030
`
`

`
`IEEE
`Std 802.3u-1995
`
`SUPPLEMENT TO 802.3:
`
`1.4.131 NRZI: Non—Retum—to-Zero, Invert on Ones. An encoding technique used in FDDI (ISO 9314-1:
`1989, ISO 9314-2: 1989, ISO 9314-3: 1989) where a polarity transition represents a logical ONE. The
`absence of a polarity transition denotes a logical ZERO.
`
`1.4.132 octet: A byte composed of eight bits. Groin IEEE Std 610.7-1995 [A16].)
`
`1.4.133 Optical Fiber Cable Interface: See: FOMDI.
`
`1.4.134 Optical Fiber Cable Link Segment: A length of optical fiber cable that contains two optical fibers
`and is comprised of one or more optical fiber cable sections and their means of interconnection, with each
`optical fiber terminated at each end in the optical connector plug. (See IEEE 802.3, 9.9.5.1 and 9.9.5.2.)
`
`1.4.135 optical fiber: A filament-shaped optical waveguide made of dielectric materials.
`
`1.4.136 Optical Idle Signal: The signal transmitted by the FOMAU into its transmit optical fiber during the
`idle state of the DO circuit. (See IEEE 802.3 clause 9.)
`
`1.4.137 Optical Interface: The optical input and output connection interface to a 10BASE-FP Star. (See
`IEEE 802.3 clause 15.)
`
`1.4.138 out-of-band signaling: The transmission of a signal using a frequency that is within the pass band
`of the transmission facility but outside a frequency range normally used for data transmission. Contrast
`with: in-band signaling. (From IEEE Std. 610.7-1995 [A16].)
`
`1.4.139 packet: Consists of a data fi'ame as defined previously, preceded by the Preamble and the Start
`Frame Delimiter, encoded, as appropriate, for the PHY type.
`
`1.4.140 page: In Auto-Negotiation, the encoding for a Link Code Word. Auto—Negotiation can support an
`arbitrary number of Link Code Word encodings. The base page has a constant encoding as defined in
`28.2.1.2. Additional pages may have a predefined encoding (see: Message Page) or may be custom encoded
`(see: Unformatted Page).
`
`1.4.141 parallel detection: In Auto-Negotiation, the ability to detect 100BASE-TX and 100BASE-T4 tech-
`nology specific link signaling while also detecting the NLP sequence or FLP Burst sequence. (See IEEE
`802.3 clause 28.)
`
`1.4.142 Passive-Star Coupler: A component of a 10BASE-FP fiber optic mixing segment that divides opti-
`cal power received at any of N input ports among all N output ports. The division of optical power is approx-
`imately uniforrn. (See IEEE 802.3 clause 15 .)
`
`1.4.143 patch cord: Flexible cable unit or element with connectors(s) used to establish connections on a
`patch panel. (From ISO/IEC 11801: 1995.)
`
`1.4.144 patch panel: A cross-connect designed to accommodate the use of patch cords. It facilitates admin-
`istration for moves and changes. (From ISO/IEC 11801: 1995 .)
`
`1.4.145 Path Delay Value (PDV): The sum of all Segment Delay Values for all segments along a given path.
`(See IEEE 802.3 clauses 13 and 29.)
`
`1.4.146 Path Variability Value (PVV): The sum of all Segment Variability Values for all the segments along
`a given path. (See IEEE 802.3 clause 13.)
`
`1.4.147 path: The sequence of segments and repeaters providing the connectivity between two DTEs in a
`single collision domain. In CSMA/CD networks there is one and only one path between any two DTEs.
`
`This is an14\rchive IEEE Standard.
`
`It has been superseded by a later version of this standard.
`
`bit 1025
`
`
`
`Aerohive - Exhibit 1025
`0031
`
`

`
`CSMA/CD
`
`IEEE
`Std 802.3u-1995
`
`1.4.148 Physical Coding Sublayer (PCS): A sublayer used in 100BASE—T to couple the MII and the PMA.
`The PCS contains the functions to encode data bits into code-groups that can be transmitted over the physi-
`cal medium. Two PCS structures are defined for 100BASE-T—one for l00BASE-X and one for 100BASE-
`
`T4. (See IEEE 802.3 clauses 23 and 24.)
`
`1.4.149 Physical Layer entity (PHY): The portion of the Physical Layer between the MDI and lVlII consist-
`ing of the PCS, PMA, and, if present, PMD sublayers. The PHY contains the functions that transmit, receive,
`and manage the encoded signals that are impressed on and recovered from the physical medium. (See IEEE
`802.3 clauses 23-26.)
`
`1.4.150 Physical Medium Attachment (PMA) sublayer: That portion of the Physical Layer that contains
`the functions for transmission, collision detection, reception, and (in the case of l00BASE-T4) clock recov-
`ery and skew alignment. (See IEEE 802.3 clauses 23 and 24.)
`
`1.4.151 Physical Medium Dependent (PMD) sublayer: In 100BASE-X, that portion of the Physical Layer
`responsible for interfacing to the transmission medium. The PMD is located just above the MDI. (See IEEE
`802.3 clause 24.)
`
`1.4.152 Physical Signaling Sublayer (PLS): In l0BASE-T, that portion of the Physical Layer contained
`within the DTE that provides the logical and functional coupling between the MAU and the Data Link Layer.
`
`1.4.153 port: A segment or IRL interface of a repeater unit.
`
`1.4.154 postamble: In l0BROAD36, the bit pattern appended after the last bit of the Frame Check
`Sequence by the MAU. The Broadband End-of-Frame Delimiter O3EOFD). (See IEEE 802.3 clause 11.)
`
`1.4.155 Priority Resolution Table: The look-up table used by Auto-Negotiation to select the network con-
`nection type where more than one common network ability exists (l00BASE—TX, 100BASE—T4, 10BASE—
`T, etc.) The priority resolution table defines the relative hierarchy of connection types fi'om the highest com-
`mon denominator to the lowest common denominator. (See IEEE 802.3 clause 28.)
`
`1.4.156 quad: See: star quad.
`
`1.4.157 Reconciliation Sublayer (RS): A 100BASE—T mapping function that reconciles the signals at the
`M11 to the MAC—PLS service definitions. (See IEEE 802.3 clause 22.)
`
`1.4.158 remote fault: The generic ability of a link partner to signal its status even in the event that it may not
`have an operational receive link. (See IEEE 802.3 clause 28.)
`
`1.4.159 renegotiation: Restart of the Auto—Negotiation algorithm caused by management or user interac-
`tion. (See IEEE 802.3 clause 28.)
`
`1.4.160 repeater port: See: port.
`
`1.4.161 repeater set: A repeater unit plus its associated Physical Layer interfaces (MAUs or PHYS) and, if
`present, AU or MI Interfaces (i.e., AUIs, lVlIIs).
`
`1.4.162 repeater unit: The portion of a repeater that is inboard of its PMA/PLS or PMA/PCS interfaces.
`
`1.4.163 repeater: A device used to extend the length, topology or interconnectivity of the physical medium
`beyond that imposed by a single segment, up to the maximum allowable end-to-end trunk transmission line
`length. Repeaters perform the basic actions of restoring signal amplitude, waveform, and timing applied to
`the normal data and collision signals. For wired star topologies, repeaters provide a data distribution func-
`tion. In 100BASE—T, a device that allows the interconnection of 100BASE—T Physical Layer network
`
`This is an Archive IEEE Standard.
`
`It has been superseded by a later version of this standgrd.
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`bit 1025
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`Std 802.3u-1995
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`SUPPLEMENT TO 802.3:
`
`segments using similar or dissimilar PHY implementations (e.g., 100BASE—X to 100BASE—X, 100BASE—X
`to 100BASE-T4, etc.). (See IEEE 802.3 clauses 9 and 27.)
`
`1.4.164 Return Loss: In IOBROAD36, the ratio in decibels of the power reflected from a port to the power
`incident to the port. An indicator of impedance matching in a broadband system. (See IEEE 802.3 clause 11.)
`
`1.4.165 router: A layer 3 interconnection device that appears as a MAC to a CSMA/CD collision domain.
`(See IEEE Std 610.7-1995 [Al6].)
`
`1.4.166 Seed: In IOBROAD36, the 23 bits residing in the scrambler shifi register prior to the transmission of
`a packet. (See IEEE 802.3 clause 11.)
`
`1.4.167 Segment Delay Value (SDV): A number associated wit.l1 a given segment that represents the delay
`on that segment including repeaters and end stations, if present, used to assess path delays for 10 Mb/s
`CSMA/CD networks. (See IEEE 802.3, 13.4.)
`
`1.4.168 Segment Variability Value (SVV): A number associated with a given segment that represents the
`delay variability on that segment (including a repeater) for 10 Mb/s CSMA/CD networks. The SVVs for dif-
`ferent segment types are specified in IEEE 802.3 table 13-3. (See IEEE 802.3, 13.4.)
`
`1.4.169 segment: The medium connection, including connectors, between MDIs in a CSMA/CD LAN.
`
`1.4.170 Selector field: A five-bit field in the Base Link Code Word encoding that is used to encode up to 32
`types of messages that define basic abilities. For example, selector field 00001 indicates that the base tech-
`nology is IEEE 802.3. (See IEEE 802.3 clause 28.)
`
`1.4.171 shared service: A CSMA/CD network in which the collision domain consists of more than two
`
`DTEs so that the total network bandwidth is shared among them.
`
`1.4.172 shielded twisted-pair (STP) cable: An electrically conducting cable, comprising one or more ele-
`ments, each of which is individually shielded. There may be an overall shield, in which case the cable is
`referred to as shielded twisted pair cable with an overall shield. (From ISO/IEC 11801: 1995.) Specifically
`for IEEE 802.3 100BASE-TX, 150 Q balanced inside cable with performance characteristics specified to
`100 MHz (i.e., performance to Class D link standards as per ISO/IEC 11801: 1995). In addition to the
`requirements specified in ISO/IEC 11801: 1995, IEEE 802.3 clauses 23 and 25 provide additional perfor-
`mance requirements for 100BASE-T operation over STP.
`
`1.4.173 Simplex Fiber Optic Link Segment: A single fiber path between two MAUs or PHYS, including
`the terminating connectors, consisting of one or more fibers joined serially with appropriate connection
`devices, for example, patch cables and wall plates. (See IEEE 802.3 clause 15.)
`
`1.4.174 simplex link segment: A path between two MDIs, including the terminating connectors, consisting
`of one or more segments of twisted pair cable joined serially with appropriate connection devices, for exam-
`ple, patch cords and wall plates. (See IEEE 802.3 figure 14-2.)
`
`1.4.175 skew between pairs: The diiference in arrival times of two initially coincident signals propagated
`over two different pairs, as measured at the receiving end of the cable. Total skew includes contributions
`from transmitter circuits as well as the cable.
`
`1.4.176 special link (SL): A transmission system that replaces the normal medium. (See IEEE 802.3, 12.8.)
`
`1.4.177 Spectral Width, Full-Width Half Maximum (FWI-IlVI): The absolute difi‘erence between the
`wavelengths at which the spectral radiant intensity is 50% of the maximum. (See IEEE 802.3 clause 15.)
`
`This is anlgtrchive IEEE Standard.
`
`It has been superseded by a later version of this standard.
`
`bit 1025
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`Aerohive - Exhibit 1025
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`CSMA/CD
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`IEEE
`Std 802.3u-1995
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`1.4.178 spectrum mask: A graphic representation of the required power distribution as a function of fre-
`quency for a modulated transmission.
`
`1.4.179 star quad: A cable element that comprises four insulated connectors twisted together. Two diamet-
`rically facing conductors form a transmission pair. Note—Cables containing star quads can be used inter-
`changeably with cables consisting of pairs, provided the electrical characteristics meet
`the same
`specifications. O7rom ISO/IEC 11801: 1995.)
`
`1.4.180 Start-of-Stream Delimiter (SSD): A pattern of defined code words used to delineate the boundary
`of a data transmission sequence on the Physical Layer stream. The SSD is unique in that it may be recog-
`nized independent of previously defined code-group boundaries and it defines subsequent code-group
`boundaries for the stream it delimits. For 100BASE-T4, SSD is a pattern of three predefined sosb code-
`groups (one per wire pair) indicating the positions of the first data code-group on each wire pair. For
`l00BASE-X, SSD consists of tlie code-group sequence /J/K/.
`
`1.4.181 stream: The Physical Layer encapsulation of a MAC frame. Depending on the particular PHY, the
`MAC fi‘ame may be modified or have information appended or prepended to it to facilitate transfer through
`the PMA. Any conversion from a MAC fi'ame to a PHY stream and back to a MAC frame is transparent to
`the MAC. (See IEEE 802.3 clauses 23 and 24.)
`
`1.4.182 symbol: The smallest unit of data transmission on the medium. Symbols are unique to the coding
`system employed. 100BASE-T4 uses ternary symbols; 10BASE-T and IOOBASE-X use binary symbols or
`code bits.
`
`1.4.183 symbol rate (SR): The total number of symbols per second transferred to or fi'om the Media Depen-
`dent Interface (MDI) on a single wire pair. For 100BASE-T4,
`the symbol rat