Platinum
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`Platinum Element Facts
`Data Zone | Discovery | Facts | Appearance & Characteristics | Uses | Abundance & Isotopes | References
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`The chemical element platinum is classed as a transition metal. It was discovered by South American peoples.
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`Both sides of a platinum eagle coin.
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`DATA ZONE
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`Classification:
`
`Color:
`
`Atomic weight:
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`State:
`
`Melting point:
`
`Boiling point:
`
`Electrons:
`
`Protons:
`Neutrons in most abundant
`isotope:
`Electron shells:
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`Platinum is a transition
`metal
`
`silvery-white
`
`195.08
`
`solid
`
`1768 oC, 2041 K
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`3820 oC, 4093 K
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`78
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`78
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`117
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`2, 8, 18, 32, 17, 1
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`Electron configuration:
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`[Xe] 4f14 5d9 6s1
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`Density @ 20oC:
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`21.45 g/cm3
`Show more, including: Heats, Energies, Oxidation,
`Reactions, Compounds, Radii, Conductivities
`
`Platinum acts as a catalyst for the decomposition of hydrogen
`peroxide into water and oxygen. Since platinum is acting as a
`catalyst, it is not consumed in the reaction.
`
`78
`
`Pt
`195.1
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`DISCOVERY OF PLATINUM
`Platinum was discovered by South American peoples who
`produced artifacts of a white gold-platinum alloy.
`
`The first written account of platinum was from Julius C
`Scaliger in 1557. He describes it as a strange metal found
`in mines between Panama and Mexico and wrote that no
`fire or any of the Spanish arts could melt it.
`
`In 1783 French chemist Francois Chabaneaus discovered
`and patented a method of producing workable platinum.
`However the quality of the metal was still very inconsistent
`from batch to batch – unknown to him, there were
`impurities of, as then, undiscovered metals.
`
`English chemist William H Wollaston developed a
`commercial process for producing pure platinum in the
`early 19th century. In the course of his studies on platinum
`ores he also discovered the metals osmium, iridium,
`rhodium and palladium – the elements which had made
`Chabaneaus’ work so frustrating.
`
`The element name comes from the Spanish word ‘platina’
`meaning little silver.
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`APPEARANCE AND CHARACTERISTICS
`Harmful effects:
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`Platinum is considered to be non-toxic.
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`Characteristics:
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`Platinum is a precious metal; soft, silvery-white, and dense with
`a beautiful lustrous sheen.
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`It is one of the of the six platinum group metals consisting of
`platinum, palladium, rhodium, osmium, iridium and ruthenium.
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`The Platinum Group Metals
`These metals have similar properties and are often present in
`the same mineral ores.
`
`44
`Ru
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`76
`Os
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`45
`Rh
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`77
`Ir
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`46
`Pd
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`78
`Pt
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`Platinum is malleable and ductile and has a high melting point.
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`THE ELEMENTS
`
`A
`Actinium - Aluminum - Americium - Antimony - Argon -
`Arsenic - Astatine
`
`B
`Barium - Berkelium - Beryllium - Bismuth - Bohrium -
`Boron - Bromine
`
`C
`Cadmium - Calcium - Californium - Carbon - Cerium -
`Cesium - Chlorine - Chromium - Cobalt - Copernicium -
`Copper - Curium
`
`D - E
`Darmstadtium - Dubnium - Dysprosium - Einsteinium -
`Erbium - Europium
`
`F - G
`Fermium - Flerovium - Fluorine - Francium - Gadolinium
`- Gallium - Germanium - Gold
`H - I
`Hafnium - Hassium - Helium - Holmium - Hydrogen -
`Indium - Iodine - Iridium - Iron
`K - L
`Krypton - Lanthanum - Lawrencium - Lead - Lithium -
`Livermorium - Lutetium
`
`M
`Magnesium - Manganese - Meitnerium - Mendelevium -
`Mercury - Molybdenum
`
`N - O
`Neodymium - Neon - Neptunium - Nickel - Niobium -
`Nitrogen - Nobelium - Osmium - Oxygen
`P
`Palladium - Phosphorus - Platinum - Plutonium -
`Polonium - Potassium - Praseodymium - Promethium -
`Protactinium
`
`R
`Radium - Radon - Rhenium - Rhodium - Roentgenium -
`Rubidium - Ruthenium - Rutherfordium
`S
`Samarium - Scandium - Seaborgium - Selenium -
`Silicon - Silver - Sodium - Strontium - Sulfur
`T
`Tantalum - Technetium - Tellurium - Terbium - Thallium
`- Thorium - Thulium - Tin - Titanium - Tungsten
`U
`Ununoctium - Ununpentium - Ununseptium - Ununtrium
`- Uranium
`
`V - Z
`Vanadium - Xenon - Ytterbium - Yttrium - Zinc -
`Zirconium
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`7/3/2017
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`Dexcom Inc. v. WaveForm Technologies, Inc.
`IPR2016-01679
`Exhibit 1028
`
`

`

`Platinum
`
`Page 2 of 3
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`It does not oxidize in air even at high temperatures and is
`unaffected by common acids.
`
`Platinum dissolves in aqua regia (mixture of nitric acid and
`hydrochloric acid in the ratio 1:3) forming chloroplatinic acid
`(H2PtCl6).
`
`It is also corroded by halogens, cyanides, sulfur, and caustic
`alkalis.
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`USES OF PLATINUM
`Platinum is widely used as a catalyst for chemical reactions.
`The most important use of platinum is in vehicles, as a catalytic
`converter, facilitating the complete combustion of unburned
`hydrocarbon passing through the exhaust.
`
`Learn more about platinum’s history and properties.
`
`Platinum is used in jewelry, decoration and dental work. The metal and its alloys are also used for electrical contacts, fine
`resistance wires and medical / laboratory instruments.
`
`An alloy of platinum and cobalt is used to produce strong permanent magnets.
`
`The metal is also used to make electrodes sealed in glass (as its thermal coefficient of expansion is almost equal to that of
`glass).
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`ABUNDANCE AND ISOTOPES
`Abundance earth’s crust: 5 parts per billion by weight, 0.5 parts per billion by moles
`
`Abundance solar system: 9 part per billion by weight, 0.06 parts per billion by moles
`
`Cost, pure: $13000 per 100g
`
`Cost, bulk: $5000 per 100g
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`Source: Platinum is an extremely rare metal and can be found uncombined in alluvial deposits often accompanied by
`small amounts of other platinum family metals. A major source of platinum is the ore sperrylite (PtAs2). It is also found in
`the mineral cooperite (PtS). Platinum is also produced commercially as a by-product of nickel refining from copper-nickel
`ores.
`
`Isotopes: Platinum has 35 isotopes whose half-lives are known, with mass numbers 202 to 168. Naturally occurring
`platinum is a mixture of six isotopes and they are found in the percentages shown: 190Pt (0.01%), 192Pt (0.78%), 194Pt
`(33.0%), 195Pt (33.8%), 196Pt (25.2%) and 198Pt (7.2%). The most abundant is 195Pt at 33.8%.
`
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`7/3/2017
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`Comments
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`SAYS:JAYSON BROWNJAYSON BROWN SAYS:
`
`
`SEPTEMBER 23, 2014 AT 3:20 PM
`SEPTEMBER 23, 2014 AT 3:20 PM
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`http://www.chemicool.com/elements/platinum.html
`
`7/3/2017
`
`Dexcom Inc. v. WaveForm Technologies, Inc.
`IPR2016-01679
`Exhibit 1028
`
`

`

`Platinum
`
`Page 3 of 3
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`http://www.chemicool.com/elements/platinum.html
`
`7/3/2017
`
`Dexcom Inc. v. WaveForm Technologies, Inc.
`IPR2016-01679
`Exhibit 1028
`
`