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`PETITIONER EXHIBIT 1024
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` !"#$%&'(&)*)+,*)),
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`Samsung USP 7,793,773
`Exhibit 1024 Page 1
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`

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`-
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`

`
`Table of Contents
`
`BEE
`
`INTRODUCTION ............................................................. ..3
`
`A.
`
`B.
`
`C.
`
`D.
`
`Engagement ........................................................................................ .. 3
`
`Opinion ............................................................................................... .. 3
`
`Background and Qualifications .......................................................... .. 4
`
`Documents and Other Materials Relied Upon ................................... .. 5
`
`LEGAL PRINCIPLES ....................................................... ..6
`
`A.
`
`B.
`
`C.
`
`Claim Interpretation ........................................................................... .. 6
`
`Prior Art ............................................................................................. .. 7
`
`Obviousness ....................................................................................... .. 8
`
`1.
`
`2.
`
`Factors Relating To Obviousness ............................................ .. 8
`
`Motivation to Combine .......................................................... .. 10
`
`THE ‘773 Patent ............................................................. .. 12
`
`A.
`
`B.
`
`C.
`
`D.
`
`E.
`
`Technology Background .................................................................. .. 12
`
`Prosecution History of the ‘773 Patent ............................................ .. 14
`
`Challenged Claims of the ‘773 Patent .............................................. .. 17
`
`Person of Ordinary Skill in the Art for the ‘773 Patent ................... .. 19
`
`Claim Construction .......................................................................... .. 20
`
`PRIOR ART ................................................................... .. 22
`
`A.
`
`Gemmell ........................................................................................... .. 22
`
`B. Wang ................................................................................................ .. 23
`
`C.
`
`D.
`
`Hoevel .............................................................................................. .. 26
`
`Kasday .............................................................................................. .. 27
`
`INVALIDITY OF CLAIMS 15, 17, 21, 22, 30 AND 34 OF
`
`THE ‘773 PATENT IN LIGHT OF THE PRIOR ART ...... ..29
`
`A.
`
`Ground 1: Claims 15, 17, 21, 22, 30 and 34 Are Obvious in Light of
`
`Gemmell and Kasday. ...................................................................... .. 29
`
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`æçèéêéëìíîïðìñòóôìõ
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`1
`
`Exhibit 1024 Page 3
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`¯
`
`¯
`
`¯
`
`III.
`
`¯
`
`IV.
`
`¯
`
` 
`
`

`
`Ground 2: Claims 15 and 17 Are Obvious in Light of Gemmell and
`
`Kasday in Further View of Hoevel. ................................................. .. 39
`
`Ground 3: Claims 15 and 17 Are Obvious in Light of Wang and
`
`Kasday in Further View of Hoevel. ................................................. .. 42
`
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`¦
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`
` 
`
`Ground 4: Claims 21, 22, 30 and 34 Are Obvious in Light of Wang
`
`and Kasday ....................................................................................... .. 51
`
`Ù 
`
`2
`
`øùúûüûýþ  þþ
`
`Exhibit 1024 Page 4
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`

`
`I.
`
`INTRODUCTION
`
`A.
`
`Engagement
`
`1.
`
`My name is Robert D. Howe.
`
`I have been retained by Samsung
`
`Electronics America, Inc. (“Petitioner”) in connection with the above-captioned
`
`proceeding to investigate and opine on certain issues relating to claims 15, 17, 21,
`
`22, 30 and 34 of U.S. Patent No. 7,973,773 (“the ‘773 Patent”) (Exhibit 1001). I
`
`may refer to these claims as the “Challenged Claims.”
`
`2.
`
`In particular, I have been asked to investigate, analyze, and opine if
`
`the Challenged Claims are invalid under 35 U.S.C. § 103. To support my opinions
`
`contained in this declaration, I have further been asked to discuss the particular
`
`technology related to the Challenged Claims, including the state of the art of that
`
`technology, as it was known at the time of the earliest available priority date for
`
`each of the Challenged Claims.
`
`3.
`
`I am being compensated for my time spent on this matter at the rate of
`
`
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`!"#$%$&'()*+',-./'0
`
`$500 per hour. My compensation does not depend on the outcome of any matter or
`
`the specifics of my testimony, and I have no other interest in this matter or the
`
`parties thereto.
`
`B.
`
`4.
`
`Opinion
`
`I currently hold the opinions set forth in this declaration. In summary,
`
`it is my opinion that the references cited below render obvious the Challenged
`
`Claims. My detailed opinions are set forth below.
`
`3
`
`Exhibit 1024 Page 5
`
`

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`filing date of the prior art reference or that the prior art reference and the ‘773
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`Patent shared common inventors, were co-owned, or under an obligation of
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`assignment to a common owner at the time the application was filed.
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`C.
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`Obviousness
`
`19.
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`I am informed and understand that a patent claim may be invalid if the
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`differences between the invention and the prior art are such that the subject matter
`
`as a whole would have been “obvious” at the time of the invention to a person
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`having ordinary skill in the art to which the subject matter pertains. Obviousness,
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`as I understand, is based on the scope and content of the prior art, the differences
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`between the prior art and the claim, the level of ordinary skill in the art, and
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`secondary indications of non-obviousness to the extent they exist.
`
`I understand
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`that hindsight must not be used when comparing the prior art to the invention.
`
`1.
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`Factors Relating To Obviousness
`
`20.
`
`I understand that, in determining whether there are any relevant
`
`differences between the prior art and the claimed invention, I must consider the
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`view of a person of ordinary skill in the art at the time of the invention. A person
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`all of the relevant art at the time of the invention. I understand that the person of
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`ordinary skill is not an automaton, and may be able to fit together the teachings of
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`of ordinary skill in the art is a hypothetical person who is presumed to be aware of
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`multiple patents employing ordinary creativity and the common sense that familiar
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`items may have obvious uses in another context or beyond their primary purposes.
`
`21.
`
`In analyzing the relevance of the differences between the claimed
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`invention and the prior art, I understand that I must consider the impact of such
`
`differences on the obviousness or non-obviousness of the invention as a whole, not
`
`merely some portion of it. The person of ordinary skill faced with a problem is
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`able to apply his or her experience and ability to solve the problem and look to any
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`available prior art to help solve the problem.
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`of ordinary skill in the art would recognize that it would improve similar devices in
`
`22.
`
`I understand that an invention is obvious if a designer of ordinary skill
`
`in the art, facing the wide range of needs created by developments in the field,
`
`would have seen an obvious benefit to the solutions tried by the applicant.
`
`Likewise, I understand that when there is a design need or market pressure to solve
`
`a problem and there are a finite number of identified, predictable solutions, it
`
`would be obvious to a person of ordinary skill to try the known options.
`
`I also
`
`understand that if a technique has been used to improve one device, and a person
`
`the same way, using the technique would have been obvious.
`
`23.
`
`I understand that I do not need to look for precise teaching in the prior
`
`art directed to the subject matter of the claimed invention. I understand that I may
`
`take into account the inferences and creative steps that a person of ordinary skill in
`
`Exhibit 1024 Page ll
`
`

`
`the art would have employed in reviewing the prior art at the time of the invention.
`
`For example, I am informed that if the claimed invention combined elements
`
`known in the prior art and the combination yielded results that were predictable to
`
`a person of ordinary skill in the art at the time of the invention, then this evidence
`
`would make it more likely that the claim was obvious. On the other hand, I am
`
`also informed that if the combination of known elements yielded unexpected or
`
`unpredictable results, or if the prior art teaches away from combining the known
`
`elements, then this evidence would make it more likely that the claim that
`
`successfi1lly combined those elements was not obvious.
`
`2.
`
`Motivation to Combine
`
`24.
`
`I understand that a claimed invention may be obvious if some
`
`teaching suggestion or motivation exists that would have led a person of ordinary
`
`skill in the art to combine the invalidating references.
`
`I also understand that this
`
`suggestion or motivation may come from such sources such as explicit statements
`
`in the prior art, or from the knowledge of a person having ordinary skill in the art.
`
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`׾ ¶µ·¼Æ¶ä Ð µ· ½³Ç¾Â·¶Ä ¸Ëµ¸ ½Ç ¸Ë¶ ÀƵ½·¶Ä ½³Õ¶³¸½¾³ À¾·Ô½³¶Ä ¶Æ¶·¶³¸È 
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`µ ¼¶ÂȾ³ ¾Ç ¾ÂĽ³µÂÛ ÈÁ½ÆÆ ½³ ¸Ë¶ µÂ¸ µ¸ ¸Ë¶ ¸½·¶ ¾Ç ¸Ë¶ ½³Õ¶³¸½¾³ä ¸Ë¶³ ¸Ë½È ¶Õ½Ä¶³À¶ 
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`ó¼Â¶Ä½À¸µÔƶ Â¶ÈÃƸÈ䠾 ½Ç ¸Ë¶ ¼Â½¾Â µÂ¸ ¸¶µÀ˶Ƞµ÷µÛ Ç¾· À¾·Ô½³½³´ ¸Ë¶ Á³¾÷³ 
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`¸Ë¶ ¼µ¸¶³¸ ·µÛ ¼Â¾Õ½Ä¶ µ Â¶µÈ¾³ Ç¾Â À¾·Ô½³½³´ ¶Æ¶·¶³¸È ¾Ç ¸Ë¶ ¼Â½¾Â µÂ¸±  Ð µÆȾ 
`óĶÂȸµ³Ä ¸Ëµ¸ ÷˶³ ¸Ë¶Â¶ ½È µ Ä¶È½´³ ³¶¶Ä ¾Â ·µÂÁ¶¸ ¼Â¶ÈÈö䠵³Ä ¸Ë¶Â¶ µÂ¶ µ 
`ǽ³½¸¶ ³Ã·Ô¶Â ¾Ç ¼Â¶Ä½À¸µÔƶ È¾Æø½¾³Èä µ ¼¶ÂȾ³ ¾Ç ¾ÂĽ³µÂÛ ÈÁ½ÆÆ ·µÛ Ô¶ ·¾¸½Õµ¸¶Ä 
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`
`Alternatively, any need or problem known in the field at the time and addressed by
`
`the patent may provide a reason for combining elements of the prior art.
`
`I also
`
`understand that when there is a design need or market pressure, and there are a
`
`finite number of predictable solutions, a person of ordinary skill may be motivated
`
`10
`
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`Exhibit 1024 Page 12
`
`

`
`to apply both his skill and common sense in trying to combine the known options
`
`in order to solve the problem.
`
`25.
`
`I am informed that obviousness may also be shown by demonstrating
`
`that it would have been obvious to modify what is taught in a single piece of prior
`
`art to create the patented invention. I understand that obviousness may also be
`
`of more than one item of prior art.
`
`26.
`
`In determining whether a piece of prior art could have been combined
`
`with other prior art or with other information within the knowledge of a person
`
`having ordinary skill in the art, I understand that the following are examples of
`
`approaches and rationales that may be considered:
`
`° Combining prior art elements according to known methods to yield
`
`predictable results;
`
`° Simple substitution of one known element for another to obtain predictable
`
`results;
`
`° Use of a known technique to improve similar devices (methods, or products)
`
`in the same way;
`
`0 Applying a known technique to a known device (method, or product) ready
`
`for improvement to yield predictable results;
`
`shown by demonstrating that it would have been obvious to combine the teachings
`
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`introduced in automobiles in the 1986 model Buick Riviera for control of the radio,
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`heater, and air conditioner, and by 1990, they were familiar in bank automated
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`teller machines.
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`ACM SIGCHI Bulletin 16, no. 4, 21-25 (1985) (Exhibit 1011); W. Buxton, R. Hill,
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`
`28. Multi-touch input devices, which can detect simultaneous contacts by
`
`more than one finger at a time, are an element in many of the claims in the ‘773
`
`patent. Such multi-touch input devices were invented in the 1980s (e.g. U.S.
`
`Patent Nos. 4,202,041; 4,914,624) (Exhibits 1015 and 1016) and were well known
`
`in the user interface research community by the late 1980s (e.g., S. K. Lee, W.
`
`Buxton, and K. C. Smith, A multi-touch three dimensional touch-sensitive tablet,
`
`and P. Rowley, Issues and techniques in touch-sensitive tablet input, ACM
`
`SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics 19, no. 3, 215-224 (1985) (Exhibit 1025); B.
`
`Shneiderman, Future directionsfor human -computer interaction, International
`
`Journal of Human-Computer Interaction 2, no. 1, 73-90 (1990)) (Exhibit 1026).
`
`29.
`
`Tactile force feedback was also well known before the ‘773 patent’s
`
`alleged date of invention. The goal of this technology is to relay information to a
`
`user through the sense of touch. The most common and widely adopted version is
`
`vibration feedback, often produced by a small motor spinning an off-center mass.
`
`The ‘773 patent refers to “vibrating the touch screen front surface with a force
`
`feedback signal” in claim 30. Throughout the twentieth century, various devices
`
`13
`
`Exhibit 1024 Page 15
`
`

`
`using vibration feedback were patented, including a tactile telephone (U.S. Patent
`
`No. 3,780,225) (Exhibit 1017) and a system to relay fuel efficiency to the driver of
`
`a car by vibrating the gas pedal (U.S. Patent No. 3,961,598) (Exhibit 1018). By the
`
`early 1990s, vibration force feedback was deployed in consumer products,
`
`particularly in the form of the “silent” mode in pagers, which traces back to U.S.
`
`patent 3,623,064, filed in 1968 (Exhibit 1019).
`
`30.
`
`Combining touch input devices and tactile force feedback was also
`
`described well before 1995. For example, the 1992 edition of a leading textbook
`
`on human-computer interface development discusses both multi-touch input
`
`devices and force feedback (Ben Shneiderman, Designing the user intetface:
`
`Strategiesfor eflective human-computer interaction, 2nd edition, Reading, MA:
`
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