001
`
`
`
`Chemical
`Demon
`
`ions
`
`A Handbook for
`
`Teachers of Chemistry
`
`
`
`Bassam Z. Shakhashiri
`
`auras‘
`
`THE UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN PRESS
`
`
`
`002
`
`002
`
`
`
`Thounivuitydwhaolninfnn
`Ifioflouneslnu
`Mulcomwhcouuln $37!!
`
`3I'&'HlI8£
`
`l&bW1lLU.B@nIl
`
`onpyuuuoma
`nsnouaotnqannomcuuvusuyotwbeauusyuun
`Aldfiumuvd
`
`I3
`
`I2
`
`ll
`
`I0
`
`9
`
`PlimdiIIbUdhdS£ofA$icI
`
`FapuuindonbqnouhonpIw£oIndyoopyddmd%.aahowb@§bunuhflyunhbhhflow-
`hgnllnatndpfilhbs:
`
`P.V.AdII.PhdulCh-nIuI7.uunlIhpIflnIu|dVl.ll.PaIu:
`flitqyilfifilfll.
`I.I.I¢i.1ddI&$Q¢.fincludMI£lck-lb.
`A&P$.lI‘ll.
`l.A.idO.Xi.A¢u$Iuqfic&u7.-AC2
`pIiu1'd.Qd..l&VhO8G.b..l@.
`[lid]. Iuvé."l'h&£udjId
`1hIouh$uu.“l'unh.Ia-kg. Dnuduu. vol. 62.
`Iqdljdiy. I916.
`I. A. jlbollucay. ivhpjdfix-C
`IulOn@.0lnl¢Ol$.
`ll.o.o&ynIA.I.Aju."&h&unnnu:Mj-
`QII@i."l$fid%Ij.Id.$1. WIS.
`I.I.ovhaI0.\hDo."£IIynlhuundInu1."'
`IurddGnInlhpla.Inl. II. I90.
`I.l.loInnlD.II.IhuhI."OId&IQunulIn&ju
`dAjA&iflIj(Imj."Pb
`%yfiPtauO&.Id.l).qjIijn
`(THC. I.l..fl1&OI!fl.
`K.IhutnIT.Ihyfi."!In!pundlnOud—nnunII.&-
`Guam: d Annals d Li 3 I lluuln lfi
`hIIIIu."hlnIndnrfiaIIlud8adII7UJQuI.-0&0;
`1&1.
`IiU.I.j."IjT."I$fl4ill-
`udnn.nI.!1. IQ.
`I.1.jInlL.0.I|Ih-.°‘l§hI0Iypn('IohApuu
`lj—AljT.“l¢fidGil’b-
`adnnnal. 5). I916.
`
`u.z:nununu-u¢I.un-us.-um-g-n-«run-um-n
`lIno—aun—nu—n-I-."1-Ida-unto
`I-.-umnn.
`
`|.zannnlu._o.I.nIu-.-u.n.u-pa.-uunqnn
`o-uni-ngnnn-«mu-map:-uaquuuur
`I-.-J.-uqcn-uuuuu-.-u.n.nu.
`|.zann-Iu.o.|.nuun.-u.1.u-us.‘-out-vauunq
`ijfifldmhhj
`an-.-1.-uuqcuuauanuu-uu.s1.mI.
`I.2.T.0.l.&.dL.0.&."lT
`fiOtdl.fi0Iy§Al.§j."l—fl
`UT. fl. 97. I3.
`I.l.3nfiII.0.l.II:.nII..o.$:."ljd
`fij atL (1 J3.‘ bfl J
`%lfii.vd.!1.lX.
`
`I.l.X3Ii.l..0.\lli.0.l.&.dA.fli."&d
`l.@l.nj."lcofidClddlfi%I.Id.8.
`III.
`
`I.lI.&dIl.Il.I¢y."TmudI.ild
`jll1&‘l'bl.&1nIq."laufidh
`an-hnclnddSouaq.vd.I.j-hpj
`«A-u-o-uuuuugapuunonuo.
`
`Il.l.Ku3.J.l.OI&.dD.0.&."1hj-
`aluudjtlnqhtutbfhufldnn
`An-In-&nd.ladq.ud.l1.ujIhj
`dA&&&dh&y.upp$OlIO.
`
`
`
`
`
`003
`
`003
`
`
`
`F'l'l'|'I¢-I
`
`Eli; ff
`E.i:Im::lJiLE:n::u:
`
`Inflndllcflun
`
`Baum H. 5|!1:I1:huhir'|
`
`Prn:-an-n1in; Eff:n:|i.w: Dcmanslrilium
`
`Usinl Th.-i1 Bu-mi‘.
`A ‘Hand .i..|:n-out Sultry
`S-nurms Cnnlaing-g Des-crifliuns Ur LI:l:1urI: l'h:nI11Ihn':|lII3t‘I3
`Egg uf ]nI'a|1'nal:inn an Huuds and ]Jl'!|.-El
`
`1|
`
`xiii
`
`'.li"I'I|
`
`mriii
`
`II
`Hi
`xiii
`!I:1i'|-'
`
`
`
`i L. Frill:-|:rt,1.lg»gu.1G.‘h'|:"||Iia:11~|a.
`
`I.l Evnpulrujun as an Enduthcrrniw: Pl'l'II:II.'::£.5
` hfl
`L3 Enclulhcnnic liznctiuns I.'|IfH1I:.'Il1l|.‘-I1 Banum Hfdrmidt and
` fln
`
`L4 The Hmhumigg Tuwtl
` m
`
`'5 H
`
`“:1.
`
`[5 IE. !.|
`
`fl;gjign_-|] Q] §a|;ig[|1 gang and ‘#11:: lfilakigg uI' Linn:
`1.1
`1“ H HI.
`“.I.
`L.“
`-|
`
`1.? Heat of Hfltnfiun u'I'CgE;:£l'|III1 Sulfur:
`LIII} Fltittiillli of Metals and H In-rhlnrir: Acid
`
`1. I I Cgjfillllitaliun [mm Sugaeiaturatad 5-uluti-ans of Sn-clium Acctuc
`1. I2 Cgpslnlliraliun of Eudium 'l'hiu5u|I'aIe
`I- I3 Sugnnling ui'T'|I1Ir|n|
` k
`I _ [5 Iiurning nf M5-gncsium
` fl
`
` }
`
`I. I3 Ccnnhmiun uf Pemqacflurr
`
`Ul-
`
`D:
`
`Efimbfifitbfifluflfinums
`
`
`
`004
`
`ull
`
`
`
`004
`
`
`
`1.2
`
`Chemical cold Pack
`
`
`
`First-aid cold packs demonstrate spontaneous endothermic reactions.
`
`MATERIALS
`
`Instant cold packs can be obtained from medical supply outlets. We use a Kwik
`Kold Instant Ice Pack [I] which contains ammonium nitrate and water.
`
`PROCEDURE
`
`The Kwik Kold Instant Ice Pack consists of an outer pouch containing solid
`ammonium nitrate and an inner pouch containing water with a blue dye. Firmly
`squeeze the inner pouch to release the water and mix it with the ammonium nitrate.
`Since the mixture is well sealed in the outer pouch. the pack can be passed around the
`class.
`
`HAZARDS
`
`Since the cold pack reaches temperatures significantly lower than body tempera-
`ture. prolonged application to the body should be avoided.
`This mixture of chemicals is not harmful. Ammonium nitrate is a very strong
`oxidant in dry form and can initiate combustion in flammable materials. If the outer
`pouch breaks. its contents should be flushed down the drain with water. Spills should
`be absorbed with a cloth or sponge. which should then be thoroughly rinsed with
`water.
`
`DISPOSAL
`
`The sealed pack should be discarded in a waste container. If the pack breaks. its
`contents should be flushed down the drain with water.
`
`DISCUSSION
`
`When the inner pouch containing the water is broken. the ammonium nitrate
`dissolves. This process absorbs heat from the materials present and causes the temper-
`ature of the system to drop. The reaction is
`
`NI-l.NO,(s)—-> Nll.‘(aq) + NO,'(aq)
`
`
`
`
`
`005
`
`005
`
`
`
`
`
`1.2 Chemical cold Pack
`
`This reaction absorbs 26.2 Id/mole or approximately 326 J/g of ammonium nitrate
`[2]. The standard heat of formation values. AH?. for NH.NO,(s) and NH.NO,(aq) are
`— 365.6 Id/mole and -339.4 Id/mole. respectively [2]. Recorded values for the sol-
`ubility of ammonium nitrate vary sharply. ranging from ll8.3 g/I00 ml [3, 4] to 50
`g/lm ml [5] in water at 0“C. Our observations are consistent with the lower value. In
`the commercial cold pack system used. 2l4 g of NH.N0, were present in the outer
`pouch and 220 ml of water in the inner pouch. We mixed these in a Dewar flask with
`a heat capacity of 42 J/deg and obtained a temperature of - 7°C. Significant amounts
`of undissolved solid remained.
`
`REFERENCES
`
`I. Kwik Kold Division of Kay Laboratories. Inc.. Moberly. Missouri 65270; patent numbers
`2 925 7l9 and 3 I75 558.
`
`2. "Selected Values of Chemical Therrnodynarnic
`Technical Note 270-I; p 67.
`3. Weast. R. C.. Ed. “CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics." 49th ed.: CRC Press:
`Cleveland. Ohio. 1968: pp D-38. B-I76.
`4. Kaufman. J. A. 1. Client. Educ. I970. 47. 518.
`
`Natl. Bur. Stand. (U.S.) I965:
`
`of Inorganic and Metal Organic Compounds." 4th ed.; American
`5. Linke. W. F.
`Chemical Society: Washington. D.C.. 1965: Vol. II. pp 708-9.
`
`
`
`006
`
`006
Still Working On It
This document is taking longer than usual to download. This can
happen if we need to contact the court directly to obtain the
document and their servers are running slowly.
Give it another minute or two to complete, and then try the
refresh button.
Sealed Document
We are unable to display this document, it may be under a court
ordered seal.
If you have proper credentials to access the file, you may proceed
directly to the court's system using your government issued username
and password.
Access Government Site
