P C C A R D S TA N D A R D
`
`Volume 1
`Overview and Glossary
`
`APPLE INC.
`EXHIBIT 1209 - PAGE 0001
`
`

`
`PCMCIA
`JEIDA
`
`'1999, PCMCIA/JEIDA
`All rights reserved.
`
`No part of this publication may be
`reproduced, stored in a retrieval
`system, or transmitted, in any form or
`by any means, mechanical,
`electronic, photocopying, recording
`or otherwise, without prior written
`permission of PCMCIA and JEIDA.
`Printed in the United States of
`America.
`
`PCMCIA (Personal Computer
`Memory Card International
`Association)
`2635 North First Street, Suite 209
`San Jose, CA 95134 USA
`+1-408-433-2273
`+1-408-433-9558 (Fax)
`http://www.pc-card.com
`
`JEIDA (Japan Electronic Industry
`Development Association)
`Kikai Shinko Kaikan, 3-5-8, Shibakoen
`Minato-ku, Tokyo 105, JAPAN
`+81-3-3433-1923
`+81-3-3433-6350 (Fax)
`http://www.pc-card.gr.jp
`
`The PC Card logo and PC Card are
`trademarks of PCMCIA, registered in
`the United States. The PC Card logo
`and PC Card are trademarks of
`JEIDA, registered in Japan.
`
`Cover Design: Greg Barr
`
`PCMCIA HAS BEEN NOTIFIED BY
`CERTAIN THIRD PARTIES THAT
`THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE
`STANDARD WILL REQUIRE A
`LICENSE FROM THOSE THIRD
`PARTIES TO AVOID
`INFRINGEMENT OF THEIR
`RIGHTS. PCMCIA HAS OBTAINED
`FROM SOME, BUT NOT ALL , OF
`THOSE PARTIES A GRANT OF
`IMMUNITY THAT PCMCIA WILL
`EXTEND TO YOU, CONTINGENT
`UPON YOUR ENTERING INTO
`AND DELIVERING TO PCMCIA
`THE RECIPROCAL GRANT OF
`IMMUNITY AGREEMENT
`CONTAINED ELSEWHERE IN
`THIS STANDARD.
`
`IMPORTANT:
`In order to receive the Grant of
`Immunity, the owner of this
`Standard must sign and return the
`enclosed Registration Card to:
`PCMCIA
`2635 North First Street, Suite 209
`San Jose, CA 95134 USA
`
`NEITHER PCMCIA NOR JEIDA
`MAKES ANY WARRANTY,
`EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, WITH
`RESPECT TO THE STANDARD,
`INCLUDING AS TO NON-
`INFRINGEMENT,
`MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS
`FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
`THIS STANDARD IS PROVIDED TO
`YOU (cid:210)AS IS.(cid:211)
`
`OS/2 is a trademark of IBM
`Coporation.
`
`Intel and Pentium are registered
`trademarks of Intel Corporation.
`
`MS-DOS, OnNow and Windows NT
`are trademarks and Microsoft,
`Windows and Win32 are registered
`trademarks of Microsoft Corporation.
`
`All other product names are
`trademarks, registered trademarks, or
`servicemarks of their respective
`owners.
`
`Document No. 0299-01-2000
`
`First Printing, February 1999
`
`APPLE INC.
`EXHIBIT 1209 - PAGE 0002
`
`

`
`OVERVIEW AND GLOSSARY
`OVERVIEW AND GLOSSARY
`
`CONTENTS
`CONTENTS
`1. Introduction____________________________________________1
`1. Introduction
`1
`1.1 PC Card Standard Overview ..............................................................................................1
`1.1 PC Card Standard Overview ............................................................................................ ..1
`1.2 History .................................................................................................................................2
`1.2 History ............................................................................................................................... ..2
`1.2.1 History of the PC Card Standard........................................................................................................................................2
`1.2.1 History of the PC Card Standard ...............................................................
`1.2.2 PCMCIA Standard Release 1.0/JEIDA 4.0 (June 1990)...............................................................................................3
` 1.2.2 PCMCIA Standard Release 1.0/IEIDA 4.0 (June 1990) ..........................
`1.2.3 PCMCIA Standard Release 2.0/JEIDA 4.1 (September 1991)..................................................................................3
`1.2.3 PCMCIA Standard Release 2.0/IEIDA 4.1 (September 1991) ..................................................................................3
`1.2.4 PCMCIA Standard Release 2.01 (November 1992)......................................................................................................3
`1.2.4 PCMCIA Standard Release 2.01 (November 1992) ......................................................................................................3
`1.2.5 PCMCIA Standard Release 2.1/JEIDA 4.2 (July 1993)...............................................................................................3
`1.2.5 PCMCIA Standard Release 2.1/IEIDA 4.2 (July 1993) ...............................................................................................3
`1.2.6 PC Card Standard February 1995 (Release 5.0)............................................................................................................3
`1.2.6 PC Card Standard February 1995 (Release 5.0) ............................................................................................................3
`1.2.6.1 PC Card Standard March 1995 Update............................................................................................................4
`1.2.6.1 PC Card Standard March 1995 Update ............................................................................................................4
`1.2.6.2 PC Card Standard May 1995 Update................................................................................................................4
`1.2.6.2 PC Card Standard May 1995 Update ................................................................................................................4
`1.2.6.3 PC Card Standard November 1995 Update.....................................................................................................4
`1.2.6.3 PC Card Standard November 1995 Update.....................................................................................................4
`1.2.6.4 PC Card Standard March 1996 Update............................................................................................................4
`1.2.6.4 PC Card Standard March 1996 Update ............................................................................................................4
`1.2.7 PC Card Standard March 1997 (Release 6.0).................................................................................................................4
`1.2.7 PC Card Standard March 1997 (Release 6.0) ....................
`1.2.8 PC Card Standard 6.1 Update (April 1998)....................................................................................................................4
` 1.2.8 PC Card Standard 6.1 Update (April 1998).......................
`1.2.9 PC Card Standard Release 7.0 (February 1999)............................................................................................................5
`1.2.9 PC Card Standard Release 7.0 (February 1999) ............................................................................................................5
`1.3 Uses......................................................................................................................................6
`1.3 Uses .................................................................................................................................... ..6
`1.4 Future Trends ......................................................................................................................6
`1.4 Future Trends .................................................................................................................... ..6
`1.5 The PC Card Standard (cid:190) A PCMCIA and JEIDA Joint Release......................................7
`1.5 The PC Card Standard — A PCMCIA and JEIDA Joint Release .................................... ..7
`2. Definitions and Terminology ____________________________9
`2. Definitions and Terminology
`9
`3. Compatibility _________________________________________11
`3. Compatibility 1
`4. Technical Descriptions _________________________________13
`4. Technical Descriptions
`13
`4.1 Electrical Specification.......................................................................................................13
`4.1 Electrical Specification ..................................................................................................... ..13
`4.2 Physical Specification........................................................................................................14
`4.2 Physical Specification ...................................................................................................... ..14
`4.3 Metaformat Specification..................................................................................................15
`4.3 Metaformat Specification ................................................................................................ ..15
`4.4 Card Services Specification ...............................................................................................16
`4.4 Card Services Specification ............................................................................................. ..16
`4.5 Socket Services Specification.............................................................................................17
`4.5 Socket Services Specification ........................................................................................... ..17
`4.6 Media Storage Formats Specification ...............................................................................18
`4.6 Media Storage Formats Specification ............................................................................. ..18
`4.7 PC Card ATA Specification..............................................................................................19
`4.7 PC Card ATA Specification ............................................................................................ ..19
`4.8 XIP (eXecute In Place) Specification .................................................................................20
`4.8 XIP (eXecute In Place) Specification ............................................................................... ..20
`4.9 Guidelines ..........................................................................................................................21
`4.9 Guidelines ........................................................................................................................ ..21
`4.10 Host System Specification...............................................................................................22
`4.10 Host System Specification............................................................................................. ..22
`4.11 Specific Extensions ..........................................................................................................23
`4.11 Specific Extensions ........................................................................................................ ..23
`4.11.1 PCMCIA Specific Extensions............................................................................................................................................23
`4.11.1 PCMCIA Specific Extensions ............................................................................................................................................23
`
`(cid:211) 1999 PCMCIA/JEIDA
`© 1999 PCMCIA/JEIDA
`
`iii
`iii
`
`APPLE INC.
`EXHIBIT 1209 - PAGE 0003
`
`APPLE INC.
`EXHIBIT 1209 - PAGE 0003
`
`

`
`CONTENTS
`
`4.11.1.1 Auto-Indexing Mass Storage (AIMS).............................................................................................................23
`4.11.1.2 15 Position Shielded Latching I/O Connector............................................................................................23
`4.11.1.3 Modem I/O Connector for Open Systems.....................................................................................................23
`4.11.1.4 Recommended Extensions..................................................................................................................................23
`4.11.2 JEIDA Specific Extensions.................................................................................................................................................23
`4.11.2.1 Small Block FLASH Format..............................................................................................................................2 3
`4.11.2.2 Still Image, Sound and Related Information Format for PC Card Digital Still Camera (DSC)
`68-Pin Standards.........................................................................................................................................................23
`4.11.2.3 DRAM Card Specifications................................................................................................................................23
`
`5. Glossary______________________________________________ 25
`
`iv
`
`(cid:211)1999PCMCIA/JEIDA
`
`APPLE INC.
`EXHIBIT 1209 - PAGE 0004
`
`

`
`OVERVIEW AND GLOSSARY
`
`1 . I N T R O D U C T I O N
`This Overview describes the Personal Computer Memory Card International Association (PCMCIA)
`and the Japan Electronic Industry Development Association (JEIDA) PC Card(cid:212) Standard which is
`the result of countless hours of effort by the members of JEIDA and PCMCIA. PCMCIA and JEIDA
`are grateful for and acknowledge the dedicated efforts of the PCMCIA and JEIDA staff and
`volunteer members in the creation and production of this Standard.
`
`1.1 PC Card Standard Overview
`The Personal Computer Memory Card International Association has an international membership
`comprising hundreds of member companies from all disciplines: computer manufacturers,
`semiconductor companies, peripheral vendors, software developers, and more. The Japan Electronic
`Industry Development Association was established in 1958 as a non-profit organization interested in
`contributing to Japan(cid:213)s economic prosperity by stimulating development in the electronics industry.
`PCMCIA and JEIDA have developed a standard for a credit card-sized adapter, called a (cid:212)PC Card(cid:213)
`that does for notebook and other portable computers what the AT bus did for desktop PCs (cid:190)
`provide universal, non-proprietary expansion capability.
`The Physical Specification defines a 68-pin interface between the peripheral card and the PC Card
`(cid:212)socket(cid:213) into which it gets inserted. It also defines two standard form factors, full-size and Small PC
`Cards, each in three thicknesses, called Type I, Type II and Type III. Type I, the smallest form
`factor, often used for memory cards, measures 3.3 mm in thickness. Type II, available for those
`peripherals requiring taller components such as LAN cards and modems, measures 5 mm thick.
`Type III is the tallest form factor and measures 10.5 mm thick. Type III PC Cards can support small
`rotating disks and other tall components. Smaller size cards can always fit into larger sockets but the
`reverse is not true.
`The Electrical Specification defines three basic classes of PC Cards: 16-bit PC Cards, 32-bit CardBus
`PC Cards, and Custom Interface PC Cards. Defined are characteristics of each interface including
`power, signaling, configuration, and timing requirements. Also, the PC Card Host System
`Specification describes host-side power management and a thermal ratings system.
`In addition to specifying electrical and physical requirements, the PC Card Standard has also
`defined a software architecture to provide (cid:210)plug and play(cid:211) capability across the widest possible
`range of products. The Socket Services Specification defines a BIOS level interface that masks the
`hardware implementation from card vendors(cid:213) drivers. It identifies how many sockets are in the host
`and when a card is inserted or removed from a socket. It prevents the card driver from having to
`talk directly to a specific chip. The Card Services Specification defines an Application Programming
`Interface that interfaces to Socket Services and automatically provides management of system
`resources, such as interrupt assignments and memory windows, for cards as they become active in
`the system. Also, the Metaformat Specification defines the structure and contents of card description
`information called the Card Information Structure.
`The PC Card Standard also includes three application specific specifications. The Media Storage
`Formats Specification defines how data are to be formatted on some PC Card storage devices. The
`PC Card ATA Specification defines the operation of mass storage devices using the ANSI ATA
`Interface for Disk Drives in the PC Card environment. The XIP Specification defines a method to
`directly execute applications from ROM without loading the image into RAM. Also included is a set
`of Guidelines intended to assist developers with implementation examples along with further
`explanations of the PC Card Standard.
`
`(cid:211) 1999 PCMCIA/JEIDA
`
`1
`
`APPLE INC.
`EXHIBIT 1209 - PAGE 0005
`
`

`
`INTRODUCTION
`
`1.2 History
`
`1.2.1 History of the PC Card Standard
`In 1985, the standardizing activity of PC Card Technology began with the Japan Electronic Industry
`Development Association (JEIDA). The organization was formed to promote memory cards, personal
`computers and other portable information products, and by 1990, JEIDA had released four
`specifications.
`The Personal Computer Memory Card International Association (PCMCIA) was founded in 1989 by
`a small group of companies that wanted to standardize memory cards for the classic reasons behind
`standardization (cid:190) multiple sources, lower and shared risks, and larger markets. At that time a
`company called Poqet Computer had designed a computer that used only memory cards as
`removable storage. Poqet needed software application developers to put their products on memory
`cards. At the same time there were ten different types of memory cards sold by different
`manufacturers and no real effort at standardizing them.
`An initial group of about 25 companies met in San Jose, California and agreed on the need for
`memory card standardization. This was the birth of PCMCIA. From the beginning, there have been
`two primary committees within PCMCIA(cid:209)the Technical and Marketing committees. These
`committees have worked together to develop the PC Card standards based not only on what was
`technologically feasible but also on what the market demanded. These two committees quickly
`recognized that the same slot in a host system and the same form factor card could be used for I/O
`capabilities such as fax/modem in addition to memory cards.
`The ability to put I/O capabilities on a card soon became the main attraction for the adoption of the
`technology in the rapidly expanding mobile computing market. The addition of a PC Card slot
`would allow mobile computers to have an easily accessible bus expansion capability. PCMCIA and
`JEIDA also expanded their mission and purpose to embrace any technology that would work in a
`PC Card form factor rather than restricting it to silicon-based technology. This allowed for the
`development of high capacity rotating storage cards.
`Today, virtually every type of card imaginable is available, including fax/modems, audio, SCSI,
`video, LAN adapter, and global positioning system cards. Almost all mobile computers shipped
`today have PC Card sockets which support 16-bit PC Cards along with the latest 32-bit CardBus
`technology. JEIDA and PCMCIA have ensured that PC Card technology has kept pace with
`industry trends(cid:209)allowing for lower voltage and higher performance cards. PC Card technology has
`fast become the preferred bus expansion interface in mobile computing and is a growing force in
`the mobile computing and consumer electronics markets.
`PCMCIA and JEIDA are both standards setting bodies and trade associations. PCMCIA(cid:213)s mission is
`(cid:210)To develop standards for modular peripherals and promote their worldwide adoption.(cid:211)
`There have been various revisions of the PC Card Standard as described in the following section.
`
`2
`
`(cid:211)1999PCMCIA/JEIDA
`
`APPLE INC.
`EXHIBIT 1209 - PAGE 0006
`
`

`
`OVERVIEW AND GLOSSARY
`
`1.2.2 PCMCIA Standard Release 1.0/JEIDA 4.0 (June 1990)
`The first release of the Standard defined the 68-pin interface and both the Type I and Type II PC
`Card form factors. The Integrated Circuit card form factor which utilized the 68-pin and socket
`connectors was originally defined by the Japan Electronic Industry Development Association
`(JEIDA) in 1985. The initial release of the PCMCIA Standard also specified all the electrical and
`physical requirements for memory cards. It defined the Metaformat or Card Information Structure
`(CIS) that is critical to interoperability and plug-and—play for PC Cards.
`There was no concept of input/output (I/O) cards in the first release of the PC Card Standard.
`
`1.2.3 PCMCIA Standard Release 2.0/JEIDA 4.1 (September 1991)
`The second release of the standard defined an I/O interface for the same 68—pin interface as was
`used for the PCMCIA memory cards in the first release of the Standard. The second release of the
`Standard also added various clarifications to the first release, support for dual—voltage memory
`cards, and sections dealing with card environmental requirements and test methods.
`The initial version of the software Application Programming Interface (API) embodied in the
`BIOS—type Socket Services Specification was published in Release 2.0. Many additions were made
`to enhance the Card Information Structure (CIS) definitions, including the addition of geometry and
`interleaving tuples. Support for eXecute In Place (XIP) was also added in this release.
`
`1.2.4 PCMCIA Standard Release 2.01 (November 1992)
`The initial version of the PC Card ATA Specification defining an interface for PC Cards using the
`AT Attachment Standard was defined in this release. To accommodate rotating media PC Cards, the
`Type III PC Card was added with this release. The Auto-Indexing Mass Storage (AIMS)
`Specification, geared toward digital images, was also added.
`The initial version of the Card Services Specification was published with this release. This part of
`the standard PC Card software API defined the operating system extensions required for resource
`management of cards, sockets and drivers. Socket Services was enhanced to accommodate the
`requirements of the new Card Services interface.
`Additional changes were made to the Metaformat (CIS) definitions to accommodate new PC Card
`functionality.
`
`1.2.5 PCMCIA Standard Release 2.1/JEIDA 4.2 (July 1993)
`The Card and Socket Services software specifications were enhanced based on implementations done
`in compliance with the previous Standard to form a complete and robust software architecture and
`API necessary for compatible implementations.
`The Electrical and Physical sections of the standard were updated with corrections and additions,
`and the CIS was again improved with additional definition information.
`
`1.2.6 PC Card Standard February 1995 (Release 5.0)
`The PC Card Standard February 1995 Release added information to improve compatibility with the
`Standard by requiring a Card Information Structure (CIS) on every PC Card, extending the amount
`of information within the CIS, adding a Guidelines volume to help developers implement the
`Standard, and defining common media storage formats.
`
`(cid:211) 1999 PCMCIA/JEIDA
`
`3
`
`APPLE INC.
`EXHIBIT 1209 - PAGE 0007
`
`

`
`INTRODUCTION
`
`The Standard was also enhanced to support the following optional features:
`• Low-voltage-only operation (3.3 volt)
`• Hardware Direct Memory Access (DMA)
`• Multiple-function cards
`•
`Industry standard power management interface (APM)
`• A high throughput 32—bit bus mastering interface (CardBus)
`
`1.2.6.1 PC Card Standard March 1995 Update
`Included as an errata to the First Printing of the February 1995 Release. Included general editorial
`changes.
`
`1.2.6.2 PC Card Standard May 1995 Update
`Included along with the March 1995 Update in the Second Printing. Included change to Power
`Waveforms at Power-on in the Electrical Specification.
`
`1.2.6.3 PC Card Standard November 1995 Update
`Included along with the March 1995 & May 1995 Updates in the Third Printing. Included Custom
`Interfaces and other updates.
`
`1.2.6.4 PC Card Standard March 1996 Update
`Released only as errata. Included Flash Translation Layer, Zoomed Video Port and other updates.
`
`1.2.7 PC Card Standard March 1997 (Release 6.0)
`The PC Card Standard March 1997 Release provided a variety of compatibility and functionality
`features. All of the Updates to the February 1995 release, including Custom Interfaces and the
`Zoomed Video (ZV) Port Custom Interface were incorporated into this release.
`A Thermal Ratings system was added that allows cards and hosts to be rated for thermal output,
`providing an interface to warn users of a potentially damaging thermal condition.
`The following features were also added:
`• Power Management
`•
`ISDN Function Extension Tuples
`• Security and Instrumentation Card Function ID Tuples
`• Physical Socket Naming
`• Hot Dock/Undock Software Support
`• Streamlined PC Card Software Configuration
`
`1.2.8 PC Card Standard 6.1 Update (April 1998)
`The PC Card Standard 6.1 Update added the following features:
`• PCI/CardBus Power Management
`
`4
`
`(cid:211)1999PCMCIA/JEIDA
`
`APPLE INC.
`EXHIBIT 1209 - PAGE 0008
`
`

`
`OVERVIEW AND GLOSSARY
`
`• Small PC Card Form Factor
`• Socket Services Packet Interface
`• Win32 Bindings
`• Editorial changes to the Electrical Specification, Metaformat Specification, Card Services
`Specification, Media Storage Formats Specification (FTL), PC Card ATA Specification, and
`PCMCIA Specific Extensions (Modem I/O Unshielded Connector)
`
`1.2.9 PC Card Standard Release 7.0 (February 1999)
`The PC Card Standard Release 7.0 added the following features:
`• DVB Custom Interface
`• Windows NT 4.0 Kernel Mode Bindings
`• PC Card Memory Paging
`• Serial Bus Adapter Function Extension Tuples
`• Editorial changes to the Electrical Specification, Metaformat Specification, Card Services
`Specification, and Host System Specification
`
`(cid:211) 1999 PCMCIA/JEIDA
`
`5
`
`APPLE INC.
`EXHIBIT 1209 - PAGE 0009
`
`

`
`INTRODUCTION
`
`1.3 Uses
`PC Card technology is used in a wide variety of products including notebook computers, sub-
`notebook computers, palmtop computers, pen computers, desktop computers, cameras, printers,
`telephones, medical instruments, television set-top boxes and other embedded application hosts. PC
`Cards supporting storage and I/O applications for the host systems mentioned above also
`incorporate PC Card technology as does the system and application software required to operate the
`cards and hosts.
`The PC Card Standard is aimed at developers of the above mentioned PC Card-based products
`and is designed for the technical audience. The Standard is used by technical developers to create
`standard PC Card products such as cards, hosts, silicon, and software.
`
`1.4 Future Trends
`The future holds great promise for the PC Card technology which has been widely adopted by the
`mobile computer industry. We can look forward to the continuing acceptance of this technology by
`the computing industry in desktops, printers, and other computer peripherals as well as products
`that are the result of the merging of computers with other technologies such as telephones and
`television set-top boxes. The future will also see the PC Card interface evolve to include high speed
`serial buses to support high speed networking, video and other applications. Any applications that
`require a small, portable and rugged industry standard interface to a system bus will find PC Card
`technology and the PC Card Standard suitable to their needs.
`PCMCIA and JEIDA will continue to maintain, enhance, and extend the PC Card Standard to
`accommodate the ever-changing technological and market requirements.
`
`6
`
`(cid:211)1999PCMCIA/JEIDA
`
`APPLE INC.
`EXHIBIT 1209 - PAGE 0010
`
`

`
`OVERVIEW AND GLOSSARY
`
`1.5 The PC Card Standard (cid:190) A PCMCIA and JEIDA Joint
`Release
`This PC Card Standard had its early roots in technical organizations and volunteers in Japan and in
`the United States. The more recent activities creating the PC Card Standard have been worldwide.
`The Japan Electronic Industry Development Association, JEIDA, recognized the importance of
`integrated circuit memory cards back in 1985 and has standardized a wide range of card interfaces
`and form factors since that time. This work included publication of the JEIDA Version 3 IC Memory
`Card Specifications; one of which, the 68-pin version, served as the starting point for the PC Card
`Standard.
`The Personal Computer Memory Card International Association, PCMCIA, was founded in Silicon
`Valley, California in 1989 to promote the development and standardization of memory cards for
`mobile computers. PCMCIA grew quickly to encompass a worldwide membership with chapters
`and local host offices on several continents.
`Beginning in 1989, JEIDA and PCMCIA worked closely together to develop the similar documents
`of the JEIDA IC Memory Card Specification and the PCMCIA Standards. While these documents
`and their later enhancements were similar, they were not identical and in some cases there were
`discrepancies both in language and content between the documents. Today(cid:213)s PC Card Standard is
`the unified result of a joint effort between PCMCIA and JEIDA to enhance the clarity and scope of
`the documents as well as to resolve the differences between the specifications.
`The PC Card Standard is published jointly by PCMCIA and JEIDA. Thousands of hours contributed
`by corporations and individuals from all around the globe have supplemented the efforts of the
`professional staffs of JEIDA and PCMCIA in creating this worldwide PC Card Standard.
`
`(cid:211) 1999 PCMCIA/JEIDA
`
`7
`
`APPLE INC.
`EXHIBIT 1209 - PAGE 0011
`
`

`
`APPLE INC.
`EXHIBIT 1209 - PAGE 0012
`
`APPLE INC.
`EXHIBIT 1209 - PAGE 0012
`
`

`
`OVERVIEW AND GLOSSARY
`
`2 . D E F I N I T I O N S A N D T E R M I N O L O G Y
`There are many terms and conventions used in the PC Card Standard and a good understanding
`of them will make reading and working with the Standard much easier. General terms and
`conventions that can be broadly applied will be described in this section. Specific terms and
`conventions that relate to individual sections of the Standard will be described at the beginning of
`each section.
`The term (cid:212)PCMCIA(cid:213) is an abbreviation for Personal Computer Memory Card International
`Association, and is used to refer to the organization itself. The term (cid:212)PC Card(cid:213) is used to refer to the
`technology as well as being a generic term for any products based upon the PC Card Standard.
`(cid:212)PC Card(cid:213) is used as a generic term to refer to both 16-bit PC Cards and 32-bit CardBus PC Cards.
`The term (cid:212)PC Card Standard(cid:213) is the official name of the set of specifications produced jointly by
`PCMCIA and JEIDA. The term (cid:212)Standard(cid:213), with a capital (cid:212)S(cid:213), is a proper name used as a short form
`replacement for the complete term: the PC Card Standard.
`When referring to products (both card and sockets) that support 16-bit operation, the terms (cid:212)16-bit
`PC Card(cid:213) or (cid:212)16-bit PC Card socket(cid:213) should be used. (cid:212)CardBus PC Card(cid:213) is the correct term that can
`be used when referring to the 32-bit bus master specification of the PC Card Standard. Note that
`both the (cid:210)C(cid:211) and the (cid:210)B(cid:211) are capitalized. The terms (cid:212)PCMCIA Cards(cid:213) and (cid:212)PCMCIA socket(cid:213) should
`never be used.
`
`(cid:211) 1999 PCMCIA/JEIDA
`
`9
`
`APPLE INC.
`EXHIBIT 1209 - PAGE 0013
`
`

`
`APPLE INC.
`EXHIBIT 1209 - PAGE 0014
`
`APPLE INC.
`EXHIBIT 1209 - PAGE 0014
`
`

`
`OVERVIEW AND GLOSSARY
`
`3 . C O M P A T I B I L I T Y
`Over time, PC Cards containing new technologies have been introduced, and significant new
`capabilities have been added to the Standard. At the same time, considerable experience has been
`gained by card, host and software vendors, and opportunities to improve compatibility have been
`recognized. The goal remains to make PC Card technology as easy to use as possible with the ideal
`scenario being that the customer takes the PC Card out of its box, plugs it into the system and
`begins to use it. It is recommended that in order to support PC Card technology, developers keep
`the goal of compatibility in mind and use the areas of the Standard designed to support
`compatibility and interoperability. Also, there is opportunity within the PCMCIA organization
`meetings to discuss compatibility and share information.
`The Standard encompasses many capabilities and optional features. Due to this complexity,
`manufacturers can choose different feature sets or even have different interpretations. Therefore,
`development planned for flexibility and adaptability will allow for the greatest compatibility. One
`way to be prepared for the variety of the real world is to perform exhaustive testing of designs with
`all of the significant components: f