`NYSCEF DOC. NO. 10
`
`INDEX NO. 88107
`
`RECEIVED NYSCEF: 04/09/2019
`
`MONROE
`
`COUNTY
`
`CLERK'S
`
`OFFICE
`
`THIS
`
`IS NOT A BILL.
`
`THIS
`
`IS YOUR RECEIPT.
`
`Receipt
`
`# 2038633
`
`Book
`
`Page
`
`CIVIL
`
`No.
`
`Pages:
`
`11
`
`Ir.stT.ment:
`
`MISCELLANEOUS
`
`DOCUMENT
`
`Control
`
`#:
`
`201904091084
`
`Index
`
`#:
`
`E2019000628
`
`Date:
`
`04/09/2019
`
`Time:
`
`4:27:45
`
`PM
`
`Return
`JENNA
`
`To:
`WHITE
`
`KLUCSIK
`
`Spring,
`
`Spring,
`Eugene
`
`Keri
`
`Keri
`
`Eugene
`
`Spring
`
`and
`
`Keri
`
`Spring,
`
`as
`
`the
`
`duly
`
`Gregory
`
`Spring
`
`Spring
`appointed
`
`on behalf
`
`of Gregory
`Spring
`of The
`administrator
`Estate
`
`of
`
`Central
`
`School
`
`District
`
`of Education
`
`of
`
`the
`
`Allegany-Limestone
`
`Central
`
`Allegany-Limestone
`The
`
`Board
`
`School
`
`Straub,
`
`Does,
`
`Does,
`
`District
`
`Kevin
`
`John
`
`Jane
`
`Total
`
`Fees
`
`Paid:
`
`$0.00
`
`Employee:
`
`State
`
`of New York
`
`COUNTY
`MONROE
`CLERK'S
`OFFICE
`- THIS
`WARNING
`SHEET
`CONSTITUTES
`BY SECTION
`REQUIRED
`ENDORSEMENT,
`319 OF THE REAL
`PROPERTY
`SECTION
`OF NEW YORK.
`DO NOT DETACH
`STATE
`
`THE CLERKS
`&
`317-a(5)
`LAW OF THE
`OR REMOVE.
`
`ADAM J BELLO
`
`MONROE
`
`COUNTY
`
`CLERK
`
`11111
`._..... .....
`
`||||||||lll!!!!!!IllIllIllIIIIIII1111111111ii|l!I11111
`!!IIIi:!l
`iiiii
`iiiii
`iiiii
`iiii
`iiiiii
`ig111Iniiiiii|||!!!
`
`
`
`201904091084
`FILED: CATTARAUGUS COUNTY CLERK 04/09/2019 04:23 PM
`Pagel
`of
`Case
`Document
`10
`15-3909,
`89-1,
`07/14/2016,
`1815248,
`NYSCEF DOC. NO. 10
`RECEIVED NYSCEF: 04/09/2019
`
`# : E2019000628
`INDEX NO. 88107
`
`Index
`
`15-3909-cv
`
`Spring
`
`v. Allegany-Limestone
`
`Central
`
`Sch. Dist.
`
`COURT
`UNITED
`STATES
`FOR THE SECOND
`
`OF APPEALS
`
`CIRCUIT
`
`SUMMARY
`
`ORDER
`
`RULINGS
`
`ORDER FILED ON OR AFTER
`TO A SUMMARY
`ORDER DO NOT HAVE PRECEDENTIAL
`BY SUMMARY
`EFFECT. CITATION
`BY FEDERAL RULE OF APPELLATE
`IS PERMITTED
`AND IS GOVERNED
`PROCEDURE
`32.1 AND THIS COURT'S
`JANUARY1,2007,
`LOCAL RULE 32.1.1. WHEN CITING A SUMMARY
`ORDER IN A DOCUMENT
`FILED WITH THIS COURT, A PARTY MUST CITE EITHER
`A PARTY CITING A
`THE FEDERAL
`APPENDIX
`OR AN ELECTRONIC
`DATABASE
`(WITH THE NOTATION
`"SUMMARY
`ORDER").
`SUMMARY ORDER MUST SERVE A COPY OF IT ON ANY PARTY NOT REPRESENTED BY COUNSEL.
`
`At
`
`a stated
`
`term
`
`of
`
`the
`
`United
`
`States
`
`Court
`
`of Appeals
`
`for
`
`the
`
`Second
`
`Circuit,
`
`Square,
`
`held
`
`at
`
`the
`
`in
`
`the
`
`City
`
`Thurgood
`Marshall
`of New York,
`
`on the
`
`United
`14th
`
`States
`
`day
`
`of
`
`Courthouse,
`two
`
`July,
`
`40
`
`Foley
`sixteen.
`
`thousand
`
`PRESENT:
`
`RICHARD
`DEBRA
`GERARD
`
`C. WESLEY,
`ANN LIVINGSTON,
`E. LYNCH,
`
`Circuit
`
`Judges.
`
`KERI
`SPRING,
`JULIANNE
`AND KERI
`KERI
`
`Spring,
`
`EUGENE
`SPRING,
`EUGENE
`
`SPRING,
`
`SPRING,
`
`on behalf
`
`SPRING,
`
`as
`
`the
`
`SPRING
`
`of Gregory
`
`duly
`estate
`
`of
`
`appointed
`
`administrator
`
`of
`
`the
`
`Gregory
`
`Spring,
`
`Plaintiffs-Appellants,
`
`-v.-
`
`No.
`
`15-3909
`
`ALLEGANY-LIMESTONE
`SCHOOL
`EDUCATION
`
`CENTRAL
`THE BOARD
`DISTRICT,
`OF THE ALLEGANY-
`
`OF
`
`1
`
`
`
`201904091084
`FILED: CATTARAUGUS COUNTY CLERK 04/09/2019 04:23 PM
`of
`Page2
`Case
`Document
`10
`15-3909,
`89-1,
`07/14/2016,
`1815248,
`RECEIVED NYSCEF: 04/09/2019
`NYSCEF DOC. NO. 10
`
`#: E2019000628
`INDEX NO. 88107
`
`Index
`
`LIMESTONE
`
`DISTRICT,
`
`CENTRAL
`KAREN
`
`SCHOOL
`
`GEELAN,
`JOE ZIMMER,
`
`Vice
`
`President,
`
`President,
`
`JEFF
`
`Member,
`DAVID
`
`FARRELL,
`KIM
`
`Member,
`SUE
`
`SCHIFLEY,
`
`NUSS,
`DIANE
`
`Member,
`LOWRY,
`
`KEVIN
`
`ERIC
`HEMPHILL,
`CHRISTOPHER
`JOHN WOLFGANG,
`ROBERT
`DECKER,
`
`KENYON,
`
`all
`
`in
`their
`MICHAEL
`
`individual
`
`and
`
`EASTON,
`
`and
`
`Defendants-Appellees,
`
`KAHM,
`
`Member,
`JAY
`
`KING,
`
`Member,
`MAGGIE
`
`Principal,
`
`Superintendent,
`PHIL
`QUINLIN,
`MATTHEW
`
`BLACK,
`
`Member,
`PALMER,
`
`Member,
`
`STRAUB,
`
`Teacher
`
`Assistant,
`
`Teacher/Coach,
`
`Teacher/Coach,
`
`Psychologist,
`
`Psychologist,
`
`official
`JACOB
`
`capacity,
`ROWE,
`
`JOHN
`
`DOE(S),
`
`JANE
`
`DOE,
`
`representatives,
`
`agents,
`
`employees,
`
`administrators,
`and
`
`servants
`
`of
`
`the
`
`School
`
`District,
`
`Allegany-Limestone
`JOHN
`
`DOE(S),
`
`students
`
`of
`
`the
`
`Allegany-Limestone
`
`JANE
`
`Central
`
`DOE,
`High
`
`School,
`
`Defendants.
`
`2
`
`
`
`201904091084
`FILED: CATTARAUGUS COUNTY CLERK 04/09/2019 04:23 PM
`of
`Case
`Document
`10
`Page3
`15-3909,
`89-1,
`07/14/2016,
`1815248,
`RECEIVED NYSCEF: 04/09/2019
`NYSCEF DOC. NO. 10
`
`#: E2019000628
`INDEX NO. 88107
`
`Index
`
`FOR APPELLANTS:
`
`DANIEL
`
`Bosman
`
`FLYNN
`Law Firm,
`
`(A.J.
`
`Bosman,
`
`on
`
`the
`
`L.L.C.,
`
`Canastota,
`
`brief),
`NY.
`
`JENNA
`
`LLP,
`
`W. KLUCSIK,
`NY.
`
`Syracuse,
`
`Sugarman
`
`Law Firm,
`
`OF
`
`FOR APPELLEES
`ALLEGANY-LIMESTONE
`CENTRAL
`SCHOOL
`THE BOARD
`DISTRICT,
`OF THE
`EDUCATION
`ALLEGANY-LIMESTONE
`CENTRAL
`SCHOOL
`KAREN
`PHIL
`MATTHEW
`
`GEELAN,
`
`DISTRICT,
`JOE ZIMMER,
`QUINLAN,
`KAHM,
`
`JEFF
`
`BLACK,
`JAY
`
`KING,
`
`DAVID
`KIM
`
`FARRELL,
`PALMER,
`MAGGIE
`
`SUE
`
`SCHIFLEY,
`KEVIN
`
`NUSS,
`ERIC
`HEMPHILL,
`STRAUB,
`CHRISTOPHER
`KENYON,
`AND
`JOHN WOLFGANG
`ROBERT
`DECKER:
`
`FOR APPELLEE
`LOWRY:
`
`DIANE
`
`AIMÉE
`
`LAFEVER
`
`Burke,
`
`LLP,
`
`Rochester,
`
`Osborn,
`
`Reed
`
`&
`
`KOCH,
`NY.
`
`Appeal
`New York
`
`from
`
`the
`
`United
`
`States
`
`District
`
`Court
`
`for
`
`the Western
`
`District
`
`of
`
`(Skretny,
`
`J.).
`
`UPON DUE CONSIDERATION,
`
`IT
`
`IS HEREBY
`
`ORDERED,
`
`ADJUDGED
`
`AND DECREED
`
`that
`
`the
`
`orders
`
`and
`
`judgment
`
`of
`
`the
`
`District
`
`Court
`
`are AFFIRMED
`
`in
`
`part
`
`and VACATED
`
`in
`
`part,
`
`and
`
`the
`
`case
`
`is
`
`REMANDED
`
`for
`
`further
`
`proceedings.
`
`3
`
`
`
`201904091084
`FILED: CATTARAUGUS COUNTY CLERK 04/09/2019 04:23 PM
`of
`Page4
`Case
`Document
`10
`15-3909,
`89-1,
`07/14/2016,
`1815248,
`RECEIVED NYSCEF: 04/09/2019
`NYSCEF DOC. NO. 10
`
`#: E2019000628
`INDEX NO. 88107
`
`Index
`
`Plaintiffs-Appellants
`
`Keri,
`
`Eugene,
`
`and
`
`Julianne
`
`Spring
`
`appeal
`
`from
`
`several
`
`orders
`
`and
`
`a judgment
`
`of
`
`the
`
`United
`
`States
`
`District
`
`Court
`
`for
`
`the Western
`
`District
`
`of New York
`
`(Skretny,
`
`J.), which
`
`together
`
`granted
`
`a motion
`
`to
`
`dismiss
`
`their
`
`claims
`
`under
`
`the
`
`Americans
`
`with
`
`Disabilities
`
`Act
`
`("ADA"),
`
`42 U.S.C.
`
`§ 12132;
`
`the
`
`Rehabilitation
`
`Act,
`
`29 U.S.C.
`
`§ 794(a);
`
`42 U.S.C.
`
`§ 1983,
`
`based
`
`on
`
`alleged
`
`violations
`
`of
`
`the
`
`First
`
`Amendment,
`
`as well
`
`as
`
`the Due
`
`Process
`
`and
`
`Equal
`
`Protection
`
`Clauses
`
`of
`
`the
`
`Fourteenth
`
`Amendment;
`
`the New York
`
`Constitution,
`
`the New York
`
`Civil
`
`Rights
`
`Law;
`
`and New York
`
`common
`
`law;
`
`and
`
`further
`
`denied
`
`leave
`
`to
`
`amend
`
`with
`
`respect
`
`the ADA and
`
`to
`
`Rehabilitation
`
`Act
`
`claims.
`
`Plaintiffs
`
`their
`
`lawsuit
`
`against
`
`in
`
`after
`
`of
`
`filed
`
`the
`
`defendants
`
`this
`
`case
`
`the
`
`tragic
`
`suicide
`
`their
`
`son
`
`and
`
`brother,
`
`Gregory
`
`Spring,
`
`a seventeen-year-old
`
`boy
`
`with
`
`disabilities.
`
`We assume
`
`the
`
`parties'
`
`familiarity
`
`with
`
`the
`
`underlying
`
`facts
`
`and
`
`the
`
`procedural
`
`history,
`
`which
`
`we reference
`
`only
`
`as necessary
`
`to
`
`explain
`
`our
`
`conclusions.
`
`First,
`
`with
`
`respect
`
`to
`
`the
`
`District
`
`Court's
`
`denial
`
`of
`
`leave
`
`to
`
`amend
`
`the
`
`pleadings,
`
`we review
`
`such
`
`denials
`
`for
`
`abuse
`
`of
`
`discretion,
`
`while
`
`keeping
`
`in mind
`
`the
`
`balance
`
`between
`
`the
`
`federal
`
`rules'
`
`liberal
`
`policy
`
`towards
`
`amendment
`
`and
`
`a
`
`court's
`
`interest
`
`in
`
`finality.
`
`See Williams
`
`v. Citigroup
`
`Inc.,
`
`659
`
`F.3d
`
`208,
`
`212-13
`
`(2d
`
`Cir.
`
`2011)
`
`(per
`
`curiam)
`
`(citing
`
`Foman
`
`v. Davis,
`
`371
`
`U.S.
`
`178
`
`(1962)).
`
`A district
`
`4
`
`
`
`201904091084
`FILED: CATTARAUGUS COUNTY CLERK 04/09/2019 04:23 PM
`of
`Case
`Document
`10
`Page5
`15-3909,
`89-1,
`07/14/2016,
`1815248,
`RECEIVED NYSCEF: 04/09/2019
`NYSCEF DOC. NO. 10
`
`#: E2019000628
`INDEX NO. 88107
`
`Index
`
`court
`
`necessarily
`
`abuses
`
`its
`
`discretion
`
`"if
`
`it based
`
`its
`
`ruling
`
`on
`
`an
`
`erroneous
`
`view
`
`of
`
`the
`
`law
`
`or
`
`on
`
`a clearly
`
`erroneous
`
`assessment
`
`of
`
`the
`
`evidence."
`
`Highmark
`
`Inc.
`
`v.
`
`Allcare
`
`Health
`
`Mgmt.
`
`Sys.,
`
`Inc.,
`
`134
`
`S. Ct.
`
`1744,
`
`1748
`
`n.2
`
`(2014)
`
`(internal
`
`quotation
`
`marks
`
`District
`
`Court
`
`dismissed
`
`Plaintiffs'
`
`ADA
`
`and
`
`Rehabilitation
`
`omitted).
`
`The
`
`Act
`
`claims
`
`on the
`
`ground
`
`that
`
`the
`
`complaint
`
`failed
`
`to
`
`allege
`
`adequately
`
`that
`
`Gregory's
`
`named
`
`conditions
`
`susbtantially
`
`limited
`
`him
`
`in
`
`a major
`
`life
`
`activity
`
`and
`
`further
`
`determined
`
`that
`
`the
`
`proposed
`
`amendments
`
`to
`
`the
`
`complaint
`
`failed
`
`to
`
`cure
`
`this
`
`defect.
`
`We conclude
`
`that
`
`in
`
`holding
`
`that
`
`the
`
`proposed
`
`amendments
`
`did
`
`App.
`
`208-
`
`not
`
`allege
`
`a qualifying
`
`disability
`
`through
`
`specific
`
`facts
`
`about
`
`Gregory,
`
`09,
`
`the
`
`District
`
`Court
`
`clearly
`
`misconstrued
`
`the
`
`amended
`
`pleadings
`
`and
`
`misapplied
`
`the
`
`law.
`
`The
`
`proposed
`
`second
`
`amended
`
`complaint
`
`explicitly
`
`identified
`
`the
`
`effects
`
`of Gregory's
`
`conditions
`
`on his major
`
`life
`
`activities
`
`of,
`
`inter
`
`"speaking,"
`
`"learning,"
`
`"concentrating,"
`
`alia,
`
`"communicating,"
`
`and
`
`identifying
`
`with
`
`of motor
`
`and
`
`vocal
`
`tics"
`
`with
`
`"a
`
`long-standing
`
`record
`
`of
`
`suffering
`
`a variety
`
`a specific
`
`list
`
`of
`
`examples
`
`including
`
`"outbursts,"
`
`"involuntary
`
`knee
`
`slapping
`
`and
`
`eye
`
`blinking
`
`questioning."
`
`tics,"
`
`"repetitive
`
`utterance
`
`of
`
`foul
`
`language,"
`
`and
`
`"repetitive
`
`App.
`
`186.
`
`It
`
`further
`
`alleged
`
`that
`
`the
`
`effects
`
`intensified
`
`"during
`
`periods
`
`of
`
`stress
`
`or
`
`unfamiliar
`
`settings
`
`or
`
`situations"
`
`and
`
`that
`
`his
`
`disabilities
`
`5
`
`
`
`201904091084
`FILED: CATTARAUGUS COUNTY CLERK 04/09/2019 04:23 PM
`of
`Case
`Document
`10
`Page6
`15-3909,
`89-1,
`07/14/2016,
`1815248,
`RECEIVED NYSCEF: 04/09/2019
`NYSCEF DOC. NO. 10
`
`#: E2019000628
`INDEX NO. 88107
`
`Index
`
`"substantially
`
`limited
`
`his
`
`ability
`
`to
`
`communicate"
`
`because
`
`"he
`
`was
`
`unable
`
`recognize
`
`emotions
`
`communicated
`
`by
`
`tone
`
`of
`
`voice
`
`and misunderstanding
`
`to
`
`of
`
`social
`
`cues."
`
`App.
`
`185-86.
`
`Taken
`
`together,
`
`the
`
`proposed
`
`amendments
`
`alleged
`
`sufficient
`
`facts
`
`to make
`
`plausible
`
`that
`
`the
`
`impact
`
`on Gregory's
`
`learning
`
`ability,
`
`which
`
`also
`
`prompted
`
`a need
`
`for
`
`special
`
`education
`
`services,
`
`constituted
`
`a
`
`substantial
`
`limitation.
`
`On the
`
`facts
`
`alleged,
`
`therefore,
`
`we conclude
`
`that
`
`these
`
`proposed
`
`amendments
`
`would
`
`have
`
`sufficed
`
`to meet
`
`the
`
`requirements
`
`of
`
`a
`
`qualifying
`
`disability,
`
`particularly
`
`given
`
`the ADA Amendments
`
`Act
`
`of
`
`2008's
`
`significant
`
`relaxation
`
`of
`
`the
`
`standard
`
`for
`
`substantial
`
`limits
`
`on major
`
`life
`
`activities.
`
`F.3d
`
`(2d
`
`Cir.
`
`See,
`
`e.g.,
`
`Parada
`
`v. Banco
`
`Industrial
`
`de Venezuela,
`
`C.A.,
`
`753
`
`68 & n.3
`
`62,
`
`2014).
`
`Accordingly,
`
`we vacate
`
`the
`
`District
`
`Court's
`
`denial
`
`of
`
`leave
`
`to
`
`amend
`
`and
`
`so much
`
`of
`
`the
`
`judgment
`
`as
`
`dismissed
`
`Plaintiffs'
`
`ADA and
`
`Rehabilitation
`
`Act
`
`claims.
`
`We affirm
`
`the
`
`District
`
`Court's
`
`dismissal
`
`of
`
`Plaintiffs'
`
`substantive
`
`due
`
`process
`
`claims
`
`but
`
`for
`
`different
`
`reasons
`
`than
`
`those
`
`articulated
`
`below.
`
`See
`
`Blackman
`
`v. N.Y.C.
`
`Transit
`
`Auth.,
`
`491
`
`F.3d
`
`95,
`
`100
`
`(2d
`
`Cir.
`
`2007)
`
`("We
`
`may,
`
`of
`
`course,
`
`affirm
`
`the
`
`district
`
`court's
`
`judgment
`
`on
`
`any
`
`ground
`
`appearing
`
`in
`
`the
`
`record,
`
`even
`
`if
`
`the
`
`ground
`
`is
`
`different
`
`from
`
`the
`
`one
`
`relied
`
`on by
`
`the
`
`district
`
`6
`
`
`
`201904091084
`FILED: CATTARAUGUS COUNTY CLERK 04/09/2019 04:23 PM
`of
`Page7
`Case
`Document
`10
`15-3909,
`89-1,
`07/14/2016,
`1815248,
`RECEIVED NYSCEF: 04/09/2019
`NYSCEF DOC. NO. 10
`
`#: E2019000628
`INDEX NO. 88107
`
`Index
`
`court."
`
`(internal
`
`quotation
`
`marks
`
`omitted)).
`
`A violation
`
`of
`
`substantive
`
`due
`
`process
`
`rights
`
`requires
`
`that
`
`the
`
`official
`
`conduct
`
`in
`
`question
`
`be
`
`"'so
`
`egregious,
`
`so
`
`outrageous,
`
`that
`
`it may
`
`fairly
`
`be
`
`said
`
`to
`
`shock
`
`the
`
`contemporary
`
`conscience.'"
`
`Okin
`
`v. Vill.
`
`of Cornwall-on-Hudson
`
`Police
`
`Dep't,
`
`577
`
`F.3d
`
`415,
`
`431
`
`(2d
`
`Cir.
`
`2007)
`
`847
`
`(1998)).
`
`In
`
`(quoting
`
`County
`
`of Sacramento
`
`v. Lewis,
`
`523
`
`U.S.
`
`833,
`
`n.8
`
`situations
`
`in which
`
`time
`
`for
`
`deliberation
`
`is
`
`available
`
`to
`
`the
`
`official,
`
`we apply
`
`a "deliberate
`
`indifference"
`
`standard,
`
`which
`
`requires
`
`demonstration
`
`of
`
`a "willful
`
`disregard"
`
`of
`
`the
`
`"obvious
`
`risks,"
`
`"serious
`
`implications,"
`
`"likelihood"
`
`and
`
`of
`
`harm.
`
`Id.
`
`at
`
`432.
`
`Even
`
`assuming
`
`Plaintiffs'
`
`that
`
`allegations
`
`suffice
`
`to
`
`show
`
`that
`
`individual
`
`defendants'
`
`conduct
`
`amounted
`
`to
`
`a state-created
`
`danger,
`
`see id.
`
`at 428-29,
`
`there
`
`are
`
`no
`
`facts
`
`alleged
`
`from
`
`which
`
`we can
`
`plausibly
`
`infer
`
`that
`
`any
`
`individual
`
`defendant
`
`had
`
`actual
`
`knowledge
`
`of
`
`yet
`
`disregarded
`
`an
`
`obvious
`
`or
`
`excessive
`
`risk
`
`of Gregory's
`
`suicide,
`
`see id.
`
`at 432
`
`(applying
`
`the
`
`Eighth
`
`Amendment
`
`deliberate
`
`indifference
`
`requirement
`
`that
`
`the
`
`official
`
`both
`
`of
`
`and
`
`an
`
`"'know[]
`
`disregard[]
`
`excessive
`
`risk'"
`
`(quoting
`
`Farmer
`
`v. Brennan,
`
`511
`
`U.S.
`
`825,
`
`837
`
`(1994)).
`
`In
`
`order
`
`to
`
`state
`
`a claim,
`
`factual
`
`allegations
`
`must
`
`be more
`
`than
`
`"'merely
`
`consistent
`
`with'"
`
`the
`
`defendant's
`
`liability
`
`and
`
`instead
`
`make
`
`it
`
`"more
`
`than
`
`a sheer
`
`possibility."
`
`Ashcroft
`
`v.
`
`Iqbal,
`
`556
`
`U.S.
`
`662,
`
`678
`
`(2009)
`
`(quoting
`
`Bell
`
`Atl.
`
`Corp.
`
`v. Twombly,
`
`550
`
`7
`
`
`
`201904091084
`FILED: CATTARAUGUS COUNTY CLERK 04/09/2019 04:23 PM
`of
`Case
`Document
`10
`Page8
`15-3909,
`89-1,
`07/14/2016,
`1815248,
`RECEIVED NYSCEF: 04/09/2019
`NYSCEF DOC. NO. 10
`
`#: E2019000628
`INDEX NO. 88107
`
`Index
`
`U.S.
`
`544,
`
`554
`
`(2007)).
`
`We are
`
`unable
`
`to
`
`conclude
`
`that
`
`the
`
`Plaintiffs'
`
`allegations
`
`meet
`
`that
`
`requirement
`
`with
`
`respect
`
`to
`
`any
`
`defendant's
`
`deliberate
`
`indifference
`
`and must
`
`therefore
`
`affirm
`
`the
`
`District
`
`Court's
`
`dismissal
`
`of
`
`the
`
`substantive
`
`due
`
`process
`
`claims.
`
`We also
`
`affirm
`
`the
`
`District
`
`Court's
`
`dismissal
`
`of
`
`Plaintiffs'
`
`equal
`
`protection
`
`claims.
`
`Plaintiffs
`
`first
`
`allege
`
`that
`
`Defendants
`
`subjected
`
`Gregory
`
`to
`
`disparate
`
`treatment.
`
`Such
`
`claims
`
`require
`
`plaintiffs
`
`to
`
`show
`
`that
`
`the
`
`person
`
`"was
`
`treated
`
`differently
`
`than
`
`others
`
`similarly
`
`situated
`
`as
`
`a result
`
`of
`
`intentional
`
`or
`
`purposeful
`
`discrimination."
`
`Phillips
`
`v. Girdich,
`
`408
`
`F.3d
`
`124,
`
`129
`
`(2d
`
`Cir.
`
`2009).
`
`The
`
`first
`
`amended
`
`no
`
`treatment
`
`complaint
`
`contains
`
`allegations
`
`regarding
`
`disparate
`
`between
`
`Gregory
`
`and
`
`similarly
`
`situated
`
`students;
`
`for
`
`example,
`
`although
`
`it
`
`refers
`
`to Gregory's
`
`suspension,
`
`it
`
`contains
`
`no
`
`factual
`
`allegations
`
`that
`
`non-disabled
`
`students
`
`who
`
`also
`
`physically
`
`responded
`
`to
`
`bullying
`
`were
`
`not
`
`punished
`
`nor
`
`that
`
`Gregory's
`
`bullies
`
`committed
`
`similar
`
`physical
`
`acts
`
`but
`
`were
`
`left
`
`unpunished.
`
`The
`
`absence
`
`of
`
`such
`
`allegations
`
`render
`
`us
`
`unable
`
`to make
`
`a plausible
`
`inference
`
`that
`
`Gregory
`
`was
`
`selectively
`
`treated
`
`on the
`
`basis
`
`of
`
`his
`
`disability
`
`or,
`
`as
`
`is also
`
`required,
`
`that
`
`such
`
`treatment
`
`was
`
`irrational.
`
`See
`
`id.
`
`(noting
`
`that
`
`disparate
`
`treatment
`
`must
`
`fail
`
`"the
`
`appropriate
`
`level
`
`of
`
`scrutiny"
`
`applicable
`
`to
`
`the
`
`equal
`
`8
`
`
`
`201904091084
`FILED: CATTARAUGUS COUNTY CLERK 04/09/2019 04:23 PM
`of
`Case
`Document
`10
`Page9
`15-3909,
`89-1,
`07/14/2016,
`1815248,
`RECEIVED NYSCEF: 04/09/2019
`NYSCEF DOC. NO. 10
`
`#: E2019000628
`INDEX NO. 88107
`
`Index
`
`protection
`
`claim);
`
`Suffolk
`
`Parents
`
`of Handicapped
`
`Adults
`
`u. Wingate,
`
`101
`
`F.3d
`
`818,
`
`824
`
`n.4
`
`(2d
`
`Cir.
`
`1996)
`
`(holding
`
`that
`
`disparate
`
`treatment
`
`based
`
`on
`
`disability
`
`is
`
`subject
`
`to
`
`rational
`
`basis
`
`review).
`
`Plaintiffs
`
`also
`
`allege
`
`that
`
`Defendants
`
`were
`
`deliberately
`
`indifferent
`
`to
`
`Gregory's
`
`harassment.
`
`The
`
`factual
`
`allegations
`
`are
`
`insufficient
`
`to
`
`establish
`
`deliberate
`
`indifference
`
`of
`
`the
`
`kind
`
`we have
`
`required
`
`in
`
`the
`
`context
`
`of
`
`racial
`
`or
`
`sexual
`
`harassment
`
`in
`
`schools.
`
`See,
`
`e.g.,
`
`Gant
`
`ex
`
`rel.
`
`Gant
`
`v. Wallingford
`
`Bd.
`
`of Educ.,
`
`195
`
`F.3d
`
`134,
`
`141
`
`(2d
`
`Cir.
`
`1999)
`
`(requiring
`
`"defendant's
`
`response
`
`to
`
`known
`
`discrimination
`
`'[to
`
`be]
`
`clearly
`
`unreasonable
`
`in
`
`light
`
`of
`
`the
`
`known
`
`circumstances'"
`
`(1999)).
`
`(quoting
`
`Davis
`
`v. Monroe
`
`Cty.
`
`Bd.
`
`of Educ.,
`
`526
`
`U.S.
`
`629,
`
`648
`
`With
`
`respect
`
`to
`
`the
`
`retaliation
`
`claims,
`
`Monell
`
`liability
`
`claims,
`
`and
`
`state
`
`constitutional
`
`claims,
`
`we affirm
`
`for
`
`substantially
`
`the
`
`reasons
`
`stated
`
`by
`
`the
`
`District
`
`Court.
`
`With
`
`respect
`
`to
`
`the
`
`state
`
`statutory
`
`and
`
`common-law
`
`claims,
`
`we
`
`vacate
`
`the
`
`order
`
`and
`
`judgment
`
`of
`
`the
`
`District
`
`Court
`
`for
`
`consideration
`
`of whether
`
`supplemental
`
`jurisdiction
`
`over
`
`them
`
`should
`
`be
`
`exercised
`
`in
`
`light
`
`of
`
`our
`
`remand
`
`of
`
`the ADA and
`
`Rehabilitation
`
`Act
`
`claims.
`
`We have
`
`considered
`
`all
`
`of
`
`Plaintiffs'
`
`remaining
`
`arguments
`
`and
`
`conclude
`
`that
`
`none
`
`warrant
`
`further
`
`vacatur.
`
`Accordingly,
`
`the
`
`District
`
`Court's
`
`order
`
`denying
`
`leave
`
`to
`
`amend
`
`the
`
`complaint
`
`9
`
`
`
`201904091084
`FILED: CATTARAUGUS COUNTY CLERK 04/09/2019 04:23 PM
`of
`Case
`Document
`10
`Page10
`15-3909,
`89-1,
`07/14/2016,
`1815248,
`RECEIVED NYSCEF: 04/09/2019
`NYSCEF DOC. NO. 10
`
`#: E2019000628
`INDEX NO. 88107
`
`Index
`
`with
`
`respect
`
`to
`
`Plaintiffs'
`
`ADA and
`
`Rehabilitation
`
`Act
`
`claims,
`
`its
`
`order
`
`declining
`
`to
`
`exercise
`
`supplemental
`
`jurisdiction
`
`over
`
`the
`
`state
`
`statutory
`
`and
`
`common-law
`
`claims,
`
`and
`
`the
`
`corresponding
`
`portions
`
`of
`
`the
`
`judgment
`
`are VACATED,
`
`while
`
`the
`
`remainder
`
`of
`
`the
`
`orders
`
`and
`
`judgment
`
`is AFFIRMED.
`
`The
`
`case
`
`is
`
`REMANDED
`
`for
`
`further
`
`proceedings
`
`consistent
`
`with
`
`this
`
`order.
`
`FOR THE
`
`COURT:
`
`Catherine
`
`O'Hagan
`
`Wolfe,
`
`Clerk
`
`SECOND
`
`10
`
`