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`Case 1:19-cv-11586-FDS Document 405-2 Filed 10/21/22 Page 1 of 22
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`EXHIBIT B
`EXHIBIT B
`
`

`

`(71) Applicants: William James Gibson, Apex, NC
`(US); Juan Royston Benito, Raleigh,
`NC (US); Jason Philip Henry
`Bradicich, Apex, NC (US)
`
`O
`O
`(72) Inventors: William James Gibson, Apex, NC
`(US), Juan Royston Benito, Raleigh,
`NC (US); Jason Philip Henry
`Bradicich, Apex, NC (US)
`
`(73) Assignee: Joosy, Inc., Raleigh, NC (US)
`
`(*) Notice:
`
`Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this
`patent is extended or adjusted under 35
`U.S.C. 154(b) by 196 days.
`
`(21) Appl. No.: 14/023,172
`
`(22) Filed:
`
`Sep. 10, 2013
`
`(65)
`
`Prior Publication Data
`
`US 2014/OO74991 A1
`
`Mar. 13, 2014
`
`(2006.01)
`(2006.01)
`
`2/2012 Richardson et al.
`8,122,098 B1
`4/2012 Choi
`8, 166,154 B2
`2004/0246921 A1 12/2004 Bates et al.
`2004/0249888 A1 12, 2004 Berk
`tal.
`2005/0216473 A1* 9, 2005 E. A. .
`.
`2006/0031537 A1
`2/2006 Boutboul et al.
`2006/0265401 A1 11/2006 Edmond et al.
`2007/0214207 A1* 9, 2007 Xie et al. ...................... TO9,201
`2008. O189617 A1
`8, 2008 Cowell et al.
`2008/0273541 A1* 11/2008 Pharn ............................ 370/400
`2009,0055461 A1
`2/2009 Georgis et al.
`2009,0083390 A1* 3, 2009 Abu-Ghazaleh et al. ... 709,209
`2010.0070570 A1
`3/2010 Lepeska
`2010, 0198992 A1
`8/2010 Morrison et al.
`2011/O128889 A1* 6, 2011 Liao et al. .................... 370,255
`2011/0271275 A1* 11/2011 Ochi et al. .................... 717/177
`2012/0102535 A1
`4/2012 Weintraub et al.
`2012,0191778 A1
`7/2012 Kim et al.
`O
`O
`2012/0221646 Al
`8, 2012 Ciminiera et al.
`Related U.S. Application Data
`2012fO221647 A1
`8/2012 Ciminiera et al.
`(60) Provisional application No. 61/699,083, filed on Sep.
`* cited by examiner
`10, 2012.
`Primary Examiner — Viet Vu
`(51) Int. Cl.
`Assistant Examiner — Herman Belcher
`G06F 5/16
`(74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm — Triangle Patents, PLLC
`H04L 29/08
`(57)
`ABSTRACT
`(52) U.S. Cl.
`CPC ............. H04L 67/104 (2013.01); H04L 67/06
`Peer-to-peer (P2P) dynamic networks and/or sub-networks
`(2013.01); H04L 67/1021 (2013.01); H04L
`for file distribution between peers receiving the same con
`67/1074 (2013.01); H04L 67/1044 (2013.01)
`tent, wherein nodes are outside controlled networks and/or
`(58) Field of Classification search
`content distribution networks (CDNs), and wherein large
`CPC HO4L 67/104 HO4L 67/1074: HO4L 67/06:
`data files are distributed or shared across and among the peer
`s
`H04L 67/1044
`USPC .......................................................... 7000 nodes.
`See application file for complete search history.
`
`USOO943.2452B2
`
`(12) United States Patent
`Gibson et al.
`
`(10) Patent No.:
`(45) Date of Patent:
`
`US 9,432,452 B2
`Aug. 30, 2016
`
`(54) SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR DYNAMIC
`NETWORKED PEER-TO-PEER CONTENT
`DISTRIBUTION
`
`(56)
`
`References Cited
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`2/2005 Sim et al.
`6,857,012 B2
`7,149,797 B1 * 12/2006 Weller ................... G06Q 40/04
`370,254
`7.5.12,943 B2
`3/2009 Hester et al.
`7,567,987 B2
`7/2009 Shapell et al.
`7,594,030 B2
`9, 2009 Teodosiu et al.
`7,603.464 B2 10/2009 White et al.
`7,672,235 B1 ck
`3, 2010 Lian et al. .
`7,903,652 B2
`3/2011 Huang et al.
`8,073,978 B2 * 12/2011 Sengupta .......... G06F 17,30864
`370/401
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`15 Claims, 14 Drawing Sheets
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`Case 1:19-cv-11586-FDS Document 405-2 Filed 10/21/22 Page 2 of 22
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`Server
`Store viewer information
`Check content request
`Use trace route to segment
`Find peers/neighbors
`Return client-block pairs
`
`
`
`Client
`Initiate
`Communication
`
`Other Clients
`
`Repeat as needed
`
`Return additional
`client-block pairs
`
`Request client-block pairs
`Request blocks from clients
`Render/playfuse content
`
`Store for metrics
`
`Completed content stream
`Return resultsfretrics
`
`

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`U.S. Patent
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`US 9,432,452 B2
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`U.S. Patent
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`US 9,432,452 B2
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`U.S. Patent
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`US 9,432,452 B2
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`cocood.
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`U.S. Patent
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`US 9,432,452 B2
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`U.S. Patent
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`US 9,432,452 B2
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`U.S. Patent
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`U.S. Patent
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`U.S. Patent
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`coooood (c.
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`U.S. Patent
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`U.S. Patent
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`U.S. Patent
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`Sheet 11 of 14
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`US 9,432,452 B2
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`Case 1:19-cv-11586-FDS Document 405-2 Filed 10/21/22 Page 14 of 22
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`Case 1:19-cv-11586-FDS Document 405-2 Filed 10/21/22 Page 15 of 22
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`U.S. Patent
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`Aug. 30, 2016
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`US 9,432,452 B2
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`US 9,432,452 B2
`
`1.
`SYSTEMIS AND METHODS FOR DYNAMIC
`NETWORKED PEER-TO-PEER CONTENT
`DISTRIBUTION
`
`CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED
`APPLICATIONS
`
`This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional
`Application No. 61/699,083, filed Sep. 10, 2012.
`
`BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
`
`5
`
`10
`
`2
`network continues to be provided to the Sub-grid upon
`departure of a node from the Sub-grid that has been respon
`sible for providing the content.
`U.S. Patent Pub. No. 20060031537 by Boutboul, et al. for
`"Method, system, and program product for optimized con
`current data download with a grid computing environment.”
`filed Jun. 8, 2004, teaching a grid computer system having
`a plurality of download servers in network communication
`with client computers and a download management system,
`a client requests a download plan from the download man
`agement system for downloading data in parallel from the
`plurality of download servers to a client.
`U.S. Patent Pub. No. 20120221647 by Ciminera, et al. for
`“Sharing of Digital Contents in P2P Networks Exploiting
`Localization Data, filed Nov. 3, 2009, disclosing a method
`for enabling sharing of content files among nodes of a P2P
`network is provided. The P2P network comprises sub
`networks each including a respective plurality of nodes
`capable of storing content files.
`U.S. Patent Pub. No. 20100198992 by Morrison, et al. for
`"Synchronization of audio and video signals from remote
`sources over the internet, filed Apr. 8, 2010, describing an
`architecture and technology for a method for synchronizing
`multiple streams of time-based digital audio and video
`content from separate and distinct remote sources, so that
`when the streams are joined, they are perceived to be in
`unison.
`U.S. Patent Pub. No. 20090055461 by Georgis, et al. for
`“System and method for effectively optimizing content
`segment downloads in an electronic network,' filed Aug. 23.
`2007, disclosing a system and method for optimizing con
`tent distribution in an electronic network includes a peer
`to-peer network of client devices; also, including an opti
`mization module from a tracking server iteratively
`redistributes said content segments among the client devices
`to seek an optimal content segment configuration of said
`content segments for optimizing performance characteristics
`of content reassembly procedures.
`U.S. Pat. No. 7,903,652 by Huang, et al. for “System and
`method for peer to peer video streaming, filed Dec. 14,
`2006, teaching, in an Internet Protocol Television (IPTV)
`system, an IPTV server is configured to receive a request
`from an IPTV content storage device (CSD) to view a video
`stream. The IPTV server selects a set of peers for the IPTV
`CSD, and transmits the set of peers to the IPTV CSD.
`U.S. Pat. No. 7,512,943 by Hester, et al. for “Distributed
`caching of files in a network, filed Aug. 30, 2005, disclos
`ing distributed caching and download of a filing, including
`a method for building a peer list comprising a listing of
`potential peer servers from among one or more networked
`computers.
`U.S. Pat. No. 7,567,987 by Shappell, et al. for “File
`Sharing in P2P group shared spaces.” filed Oct. 24, 2003,
`describing a computer implemented method and system
`enable users to share files in a server-less shared space, by
`providing access to such spaces via a visual presentation, the
`system renders content available for access by other group
`members.
`U.S. Pat. No. 7,594,030 by Teodosiu, et al. for “Locator
`and tracing service for peer to peer resource, filed Sep. 13,
`2001, including a resource naming service (RNS) server
`receives peer resource request from peer platforms through
`a networking environment.
`U.S. Pat. No. 8,122,098 by Richardson, et al. for “Man
`aging content delivery network service providers by a con
`tent broker, filed Nov. 17, 2008, describing a system,
`
`15
`
`45
`
`1. Field of the Invention
`The present invention relates to peer-to-peer network
`content distribution.
`2. Description of the Prior Art
`Generally, it is known in the relevant prior art to provide
`peer-to-peer (P2P) networks via the internet for sharing
`digital content, including video, for live streaming service
`over content distribution networks (CDNs). By way of 20
`example, relevant documents include the following:
`U.S. Patent Pub. No. 20120221646 by Ciminiera, et al. for
`“Caching of Digital Contents in P2P Networks, filed Nov.
`13, 2009, describing a method for enabling sharing of
`content files among nodes of a P2P network, comprising 25
`Sub-networks each including a respective plurality of nodes
`capable of storing content files.
`U.S. Patent Pub. No. 20040249888 by Berkey, et al. for
`“Command and control of arbitrary resources in a peer-to
`peer network, filed May 12, 2004, disclosing a method and 30
`apparatus for virtualizing access to resources in a distributed
`peer-to-peer (P2P) network.
`U.S. Patent Pub. No. 20120191778 by Kim, et al. for
`“Content Distribution Network for Supporting Peer-to-Peer
`Live Streaming, filed Jan. 28, 2011, describing a method 35
`and system for providing a Peer-to-Peer (P2P) live stream
`ing service over a Content Distribution Network (CDN).
`U.S. Patent Pub. No. 20120102535 by Weintraub, et al.
`for “Content Storage and Delivery System and Associated
`Method and Device.’ filed Nov. 9, 2011, disclosing a system 40
`for the storage of content on a network and the delivery of
`content to subscriber locations. Content is delivered over a
`packet-switching network according to a peer to peer file
`distribution protocol.
`U.S. Patent Pub. No. 20100070570 by Lepeska for “Dedi
`cated Shared Byte Cache.” filed Sep. 10, 2009, relates to
`methods, apparatus, and systems for providing peer-to-peer
`network acceleration.
`U.S. Patent Pub. No. 20080189617 by Covell, et al. for
`“Distributed Video Content Management and Sharing Sys
`tem, filed Jan. 22, 2008, describing a system which enables
`cooperative rich media content management, sharing, and
`publishing across a distributed set of websites, web servers,
`and media servers based on control information in an online
`database.
`U.S. Patent Pub. No. 20060265401 by Edmond, et al. for
`“Grid Network for Distribution of Files,” filed May 19,
`2006, disclosing a system including first server nodes having
`authentication functions coupled to a network, wherein the
`system also includes second server nodes having reposito
`ries of complete files also coupled to the network, and still
`further includes a set of client nodes having local reposito
`ries for files coupled to the network.
`U.S. Patent Pub. No. 20040246921 by Bates, et al. for
`“Method and System for persisting content in a decentral
`ized network, filed May 27, 2004, describing methods to
`ensure that content defining a Sub-grid of a decentralized
`
`50
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`60
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`65
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`

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`US 9,432,452 B2
`
`3
`method, and computer readable medium for managing net
`work storage provider and CDN service providers are pro
`vided.
`U.S. Pat. No. 6,857,012 by Sim et al. for “Method and
`apparatus for initializing a new node in a network, filed
`May 18, 2001, teaching a method for initializing a new node
`in a network. The network has multiple nodes arranged in a
`virtual tree format.
`U.S. Pat. No. 7,603.464 by White, et al. for “Method and
`system for identifying available resources in a peer-to-peer
`network.’ filed May 27, 2004, disclosing a method for a peer
`of a peer-to-peer network to search for an available resource
`is provided, including a peer-to-peer grid and system for
`publishing and identifying an available resource in a peer
`to-peer distributed network are also provided.
`U.S. Pat. No. 8,166,154 by Choi for “Method for stream
`ing multimedia content, filed Aug. 13, 2005, describing
`streaming multimedia content from a content server to
`client, user multimedia devices (UMDs) connected to the
`content server through a network includes the steps of
`monitoring storage States, of UMDs connected to the net
`work, for present multimedia content, and automatically
`transmitting a starting block of the content to any UMD not
`yet storing the block; also, tasks preparatory to streaming are
`advantageously offloaded to the client side and distributed
`among UMDs, to realize reduced bandwidth and delay and
`to conserve on storage capacity of a UMD.
`U.S. Pat. No. 8,117.306 by Baumback, et al. for “Opti
`mizing content management, filed Sep. 29, 2008, teaching
`a system and method for monitoring the performance asso
`ciated with fulfilling resource requests and determining
`optimizations for improving such performance are provided,
`including the use of a CDN/CDN service provider.
`The prior art fails to provide video streaming over P2P
`networks outside the structure and control of CDNs.
`
`10
`
`15
`
`25
`
`30
`
`35
`
`SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
`
`4
`embodiment when considered with the drawings, as they
`Support the claimed invention.
`
`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
`
`FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of the
`invention.
`FIGS. 2-9 are schematic diagrams of additional embodi
`ments of the invention.
`FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of
`the invention.
`FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of the invention illustrat
`ing use cases for a registration function.
`FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of the invention illustrat
`ing use cases for a withdraw function.
`FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of the invention illustrat
`ing use cases for a request stream source list function.
`FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of the invention illustrat
`ing use cases for a Submit report function.
`
`DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE
`INVENTION
`
`Referring now to the drawings in general, the illustrations
`are for the purpose of describing a preferred embodiment of
`the invention and are not intended to limit the invention
`thereto.
`The present invention provides systems and methods for
`peer-to-peer (P2P) dynamic networks and/or sub-networks
`for file distribution between peers receiving the same con
`tent. Accordingly, a broad embodiment of this invention is
`directed to, by way of example, embodiments of the present
`invention include dynamic networks based upon a trace
`route or other dynamic network segmentation strategy, e.g.,
`content delivery networks (CDN) internet protocol (IP)
`address. In particular, any instance of large data file distri
`bution to recipient peer nodes is considered within the scope
`of the present invention, including but not limited to video
`file distribution, game content distribution, large data files,
`and combinations thereof. Any packet and/or stream of data
`that is ordered correctly and delivered in a timely way is
`considered the content for distribution within the P2P
`dynamic networks and/or Sub-networks of the present inven
`tion.
`By way of contrast to prior art content delivery networks,
`the systems and methods of the present invention, which
`include virtualized computing networks and content deliv
`ery origination server(s) for dynamic network-based P2P
`content distribution, provide more efficient and reduced cost
`of delivery for the content, as well as optionally providing
`live streaming for video and/or audio content as well as data,
`files, analytics, and combinations thereof. The content
`recipients have a peerness established and/or defined by the
`common content they are receiving from the CDN server;
`the systems and methods automatically identify peer nodes
`receiving common content and create dynamic network
`communication connection for the peer nodes to transmit
`that common content to each other, rather than the content
`being directed from the CDN server directly to each recipi
`ent node.
`Systems and methods of the present invention provide for
`content delivery to a multiplicity of peer nodes within P2P
`dynamic networks and/or sub-networks, wherein the file
`distribution occurs between peers receiving the same con
`tent. Accordingly, a broad embodiment of this invention is
`directed to, by way of example, embodiments of the present
`invention include dynamic networks base upon at least one
`
`Case 1:19-cv-11586-FDS Document 405-2 Filed 10/21/22 Page 18 of 22
`
`The present invention relates to peer-to-peer (P2P)
`dynamic networks and/or Sub-networks, wherein nodes are
`outside controlled networks and/or content distribution net
`works (CDNs), and wherein large data files are distributed or
`shared across and among the peer nodes. Furthermore, the
`peers are only those that are consuming the same content,
`45
`i.e., the P2P connection is because of the content common
`ality.
`It is an object of this invention to provide P2P dynamic
`networks and/or sub-networks for file distribution between
`peers receiving the same content. Accordingly, a broad
`50
`embodiment of this invention is directed to, by way of
`example, embodiments of the present invention include
`dynamic networks base upon a trace route, e.g., CDN
`internet protocol (IP) addresses.
`Another object of the present invention is to provide
`dynamic P2P networks for distribution of large data file(s) to
`recipient peer nodes, wherein the dynamic P2P networks are
`outside a static network of controlled systems.
`Still another object of the present invention is to provide
`dynamic P2P networks for real-time or near-real-time dis
`tribution of digital content to a multiplicity of peer nodes
`within the network, wherein the peer nodes are established
`and/or defined based upon their consumption of the same
`content, i.e., the peer nodes are receiving the same content.
`These and other objects and aspects of the present inven
`tion will become apparent to those skilled in the art after a
`reading of the following description of the preferred
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`trace route, e.g., CDN internet protocol (IP) addresses.
`Preferably, the present invention does not require any nam
`ing outside the IP addresses for peer nodes.
`Preferably, the systems and methods of the present inven
`tion provide for dynamic P2P networks distributing digital
`content in real-time or near-real-time to a multiplicity of
`peer nodes within the network, wherein the peer nodes are
`established and/or defined based upon their consumption of
`the same content, i.e., the peer nodes are receiving the same
`COntent.
`It will be appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art
`that the embodiments of the present invention described
`herein assume the use of existing audio and/or video play
`back. Advantageously, this corresponds to systems and
`methods for P2P content distribution among peers of a
`dynamic network or Sub-network without requiring new
`compression or playback for efficient distribution. Further
`more, the content distributed via the peer nodes of the
`present invention does not establish the “peerness” or the
`P2P connections is not physical location-dependent, control
`dependent, or ownership-dependent; in other words, the
`peerness of peer nodes of the present invention are estab
`lished by the commonality of the content consumed ther
`ebetween. The P2P distribution of content according to the
`systems and methods of the present invention provide for
`cached content at each peer node; there is no stored content
`among the peer nodes.
`Beneficially, the present invention systems and methods
`provide increased reliability, more redundancy, and more
`efficient delivery than those of the prior art. A content
`delivery server originates distribution of at least one prede
`termined piece of content over dynamic network(s) and/or
`sub-network(s) as illustrated in the figures. The content
`delivery server of the present invention identifies the peer
`nodes for at least one piece of content; those peer nodes
`having content in common are identified and used for the
`distribution within that dynamic network; new peer nodes
`are added for common content with other peer nodes. Peer
`nodes or content recipients of the same content provide for
`redirected content delivery among peer nodes (or users),
`thereby by-passing any established or static content delivery
`network (CDN); advantageously, this saves time, improves
`redundancy, and also reduces or eliminates costs for content
`delivery over the CDN for the peer nodes. The content
`delivery server further identifies those peer nodes that are in
`close network proximity to each other and uses them to
`distribute content to each other to create more efficient
`content delivery thereby.
`Factors for balancing or managing distribution of the P2P
`content delivery over dynamic networks associated with the
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`present invention include segmentation based on CDN
`address resolution, trace route to CDN and the P2P server
`manager, dynamic feedback from peers reporting traffic
`rates between individual peer and its neighbors, round-robin,
`other server side scheduling/resource allocation techniques,
`and combinations thereof. Management of peer distribution
`is preferably centrally managed, although some level of
`management may be offloaded to client peers.
`In one embodiment of the present invention, the systems
`and methods of the present invention may be integrated with
`applications (Apps) for mobile devices, including but not
`limited to Smart phones, tablet computers, mobile comput
`ers, mobile communication devices, and the like, and com
`binations thereof. However, no customized or proprietary
`software download to the peer node content recipient
`devices is required for the systems and methods of the
`present invention. By way of example, existing technologies
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`and/or software that may be used to download peer node
`content include either Adobe Flash or a combination of W3C
`standards WebRTC and MediaSource, along with modern
`web browsers like WebKit., Google Chrome, Apple Safari,
`Mozilla, and/or MS IE. The present invention dynamic
`networking of peer nodes easily integrates with existing
`websites and Apps that provide for content distribution
`and/or delivery over the Internet or other CDN. Further
`more, by contrast to the prior art, there is no unique content
`delivery network registration required for peer node opera
`tion and dynamic network content distribution according to
`the present invention.
`In another embodiment of the present invention, by way
`of example and not limitation, streaming video is provided
`by at least one content server constructed and configured in
`remote physical location or remote network distance from a
`multiplicity of peer node content recipient devices, all of
`which are configured in network-based communication with
`each other, over at least one network and/or sub-network.
`While proximity of physical location is important, it is
`primarily the network proximity or network distance that is
`also used to determine the dynamic P2P networks among
`peer nodes, based upon the network routing required.
`Groups are preferably within the same subnetwork of an
`internet service provider (ISP) for the nodes. Also, load
`balancing is a factor considered in determining the dynamic
`P2P networks. A content delivery network where the video
`content originates includes a series of servers; preferably, the
`closest network distance to those is included in the dynamic
`P2P networks. By way of example and not limitation, a
`routing table including IP addresses of the source of the
`video content provides a grouping mechanism and a sorting
`mechanism to provide at least one grouping of peer nodes
`having the common content. This is illustrated in FIG. 11 for
`the Register function, at the step of adding client to content
`item group.
`The at least one content server originates at least one
`content piece for distribution over the network(s) and/or
`Sub-network(s) to the peer nodes and their corresponding
`content recipient devices, wherein the peer nodes are con
`nected in dynamic network-based (IP-based) communica
`tion for receiving and sharing the same content with each
`other, wherein the peerness of the peer nodes that initiates
`their cross-communication is based upon common content
`that each is receiving from the server(s).
`Also, the systems and methods of the present invention, in
`particular as illustrated in the figures, and more particularly
`in FIGS. 11-14, include implementation for dynamic peer
`to-peer (P2P) network-based, IP-based communication
`among peer nodes, wherein the peerness of the peer nodes
`is defined by their common content. In one embodiment of
`the present invention, the dynamic P2P networks are scal
`able to provide for a single dynamic P2P network among
`peer nodes, so long as all peer nodes have common content.
`Preferably, the dynamic P2P networks include small groups
`of peer nodes, between about five to about 100 peer nodes,
`all having common content. More preferably, the dynamic
`P2P networks include small groups of peer nodes, between
`about five (5) and about twenty (20) peer nodes all having
`common content. And more preferably still, the dynamic
`P2P networks include small groups of peer nodes, between
`about eight (8) and about ten (10) peer nodes having
`common content defining their peerness. The number of peer
`nodes determines the number of common connections,
`which is affected by the IP protocol being used; thus, a single
`"hop' is preferred over “leapfogging among the peer nodes.
`If there are too many peer nodes the repeat is slowed, and
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`performance, trends, miss count/CDN requests, client/CDN
`addresses), and active viewers/sessions (e.g., content;
`viewer info-System, address, . . . ; routing CDN addresses,
`route trace, grouping; blocks available and requested; Ser
`Vice information and history).
`FIGS. 2-9 are schematic diagrams of additional embodi
`ments of the invention. In these figures, embodiments of live
`streaming synchronized viewing processes are represented.
`Content playback is slightly delayed, like normal streaming,
`and the streaming media is broken up into Smaller segments.
`Segments are downloaded as needed preference is to
`obtain from other viewers (a, b, c, d, e... n.) but will default
`to CDN if needed. Viewers are grouped by network “close
`ness.' Downloading of content looks like “leap-frog’ or
`bicycling peloton. In FIG. 2, the server directs viewers to
`pre-fetch an initial segment. In FIG. 3, viewer a: segment 1
`(CDN), segment 2 (viewer b), segment 3 (viewer c), seg
`ment 4 (viewer d), segment 5 (viewer e). In FIG. 4, viewer
`b: Segment 1 (viewer a), segment 2 (CDN), segment 3
`(viewer c), segment 4 (viewer d), segment 5 (viewer e). In
`FIG. 5, viewer c: segment 1 (viewera), segment 2 (viewer
`b), segment 3 (CDN), segment 4 (viewer d), segment 5
`(viewer e). In FIG. 6, viewer d: segment 1 (viewer a).
`segment 2 (viewer b), segment 3 (viewer c), segment 4
`(CDN), segment 5 (viewer e). In FIG. 7, viewere: segment
`1 (viewer a), segment 2 (viewer b), segment 3 (viewer c).
`segment 4 (viewer d), segment 5 (CDN). In FIG. 8, viewer
`n: segment 1 (viewer a), segment 2 (viewer b), segment 3
`(viewer c), segment 4 (viewer d), segment 5 (viewer e),
`segment n (CDN). In FIG.9, viewera: segment n (viewer n),
`segment n+1 (CDN), segment n+2 (viewerb), segment n+3
`(viewer c).
`FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of
`the invention, which illustrates the business process
`employed with a calculation/processing cycle harvesting
`ecosystem. The main points are peer nodes that process
`calculations and are rewarded by consuming online enter
`tainment or other content. End users of calculations pay for
`the results. The payment is used to defray the cost of content
`license, distribution, and revenue back to the dynamic CDN
`distribution server and/or service provider.
`FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of the invention illustrat
`ing use cases for a registration function. A client icon is
`illustrated at an initiation of the registration function and
`corresponding steps. From a register step, a profile client is
`provided, including profile client content items and a profile
`network including Subcomponents of profile network loca
`tion and profile network bandwith. Also from the register
`step, add client is provided, including add client to client
`profiles and another option of add client to network graph.
`Additionally, from the register step, add client to content
`item groups, further including the steps of add client to
`group for active content item and add client to groups for
`other content items on their device(s). Also, request stream
`Source list function extends from the register function
`step(s).
`FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of the invention illustrat
`ing use cases for a withdraw function. From a withdraw step,
`a remove client is provided, including remove client from
`client profiles step and remove client from network graph,
`which are automatically initiated upon indication of with
`draw request received by at least one server associated with
`the P2P networks of the present invention. Also, the steps of
`remove client from content item groups, which further
`includes the steps of remove client from group for active
`content item and remove client from groups for other
`content items on their device(s).
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`Switching among processors and servers is costly. Also,