Case 1:19-cv-11586-FDS Document 390 Filed 07/11/22 Page 1 of 91
`
`UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
`FOR THE DISTRICT OF MASSACHUSETTS
`
`
`PHILIPS NORTH AMERICA LLC,
`
`v.
`
`FITBIT, INC.,
`
`Plaintiff,
`
`Defendant.
`
`
`Civil Action No. 1:19-cv-11586-FDS
`
`
`REDACTED
`
`
`PLAINTIFF’S PRESENTATION FOR
`SUMMARY JUDGMENT MOTIONS
`
`
`
`

`

`Case 1:19-cv-11586-FDS Document 390 Filed 07/11/22 Page 2 of 91
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`Case 1:19-cv-11586-FDS Document 390 Filed 07/11/22 Page 2 of 91
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`PHILIPS
`
`Case No. 1:19-cv-11586 (D. Mass)
`Hon. Chief Judge Saylor
`
`Philips v. Fitbit
`
`Plaintiff’s Presentation on Motions for Summary Judgment
`June 24, 2022
`
`

`

`Case 1:19-cv-11586-FDS Document 390 Filed 07/11/22 Page 3 of 91
`
`Pending Motions for Summary Judgment
`
`Dkt. 340, 364, 378 – Philip’s motion for Summary Judgment of Direct Infringement and No 
`Invalidity on iFIT Prior Art 
`
`Also
`Dkt. 305, 323 – Philips’s motion to Preclude the Testimony of Dr. Joseph A. Paradiso Regarding 
`the iFit Prior Art System
`
`Dkt. 330, 362, 372 – Fitbit’s motion for Summary Judgment of Noninfringement of U.S. Patent 
`No. 8,277,377
`
`Dkt. 332, 363, 373 – Fitbit’s motion for Summary Judgment of Noninfringement of U.S. Patent 
`No. 8,277,377 Based on Plaintiff's Failure of Proof 
`
`Dkt. 334, 361, 374 – Fitbit’s motion for Summary Judgment of Invalidity of U.S. Patent No. 
`8,277,377 Under 35 U.S.C. § 101
`
`Dkt. 337, 360, 376 – Fitbit’s motion for Summary Judgment of No Joint or Induced Infringement 
`of U.S. Patent No. 8,277,377
`
`2
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`

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`Case 1:19-cv-11586-FDS Document 390 Filed 07/11/22 Page 4 of 91
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`Infringement of Quy ’377 by 
`Fitbit
`(element‐by‐element)
`
`3
`
`

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`Case 1:19-cv-11586-FDS Document 390 Filed 07/11/22 Page 5 of 91
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`U.S. Patent No. 8,277,377
`
`4
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`

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`Case 1:19-cv-11586-FDS Document 390 Filed 07/11/22 Page 6 of 91
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`U.S. Patent No. 8,277,377 ‐ Preamble
`Preamble: A method for interactive exercise monitoring, the method 
`comprising the steps of:
`
`• There is no dispute that the preamble is not limiting.
`
`5
`
`

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`Case 1:19-cv-11586-FDS Document 390 Filed 07/11/22 Page 7 of 91
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`U.S. Patent No. 8,277,377 – 1(a)
`Limitation 1(a): downloading an application to a web‐enabled wireless phone 
`directly from a remote server over the internet
`
`See e.g., Ionic User Manual, Dkt. 342‐02 at page 
`10 of 79
`
`See generally Dkt. 340 at 4‐5
`
`6
`
`See e.g., Paradiso Dep. Tr. 
`(Dkt. 342‐14) at 242:3‐243:9
`
`

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`Case 1:19-cv-11586-FDS Document 390 Filed 07/11/22 Page 8 of 91
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`U.S. Patent No. 8,277,377 — 1(b)
`
`Limitation 1(b): coupling the a web-enabled wireless phoneto a device
`18
`Q. And I'm not asking whetherFitbit
`which provides exercise-related information;
`19 is doing this.
`I'm just asking if a user
`20 pairs one of the accused device to say an
`21
`iPhone running the Fitbit app,is that user
`22 coupling a web-enabled wireless phoneto a
`23 device which provides exercise-related
`24 information?
`25
`
`Set up with your phone or tablet
`
`A. Well, the -- 268
`
`The free Fitbit app is compatible with more than 200 devices that support iOS,
`Android, and Windows 10 operating systems.
`
`To get started:
`
`1. Find the Fitbit app in one of the locations below, depending on your device. If
`you're unsureif the Fitbit app is compatible with your phone or tablet, see
`http://www. fitbit.com/devices.
`e Apple App Store for iOS devices such as an iPhone or iPad.
`e Google Play Store for Android devices such as the Samsung Galaxy S6 and
`Motorola Droid Turbo 2.
`
`e Microsoft Windows Store for Windows 10 devices such as the Lumia phone
`or Surface tablet.
`Install the app. If you don’t have an account with the store, must create one
`before you can download the app.
`. When the app is installed, open it and tap Join Fitbit to be guided through a
`series of questions that help you create your Fitbit account, or log in to your
`
`one another (sync data back and forth).
`
`See e.g., lonic User Manual, Dkt. 342-02 at page
`10 of 79
`
`OONONAEWH=
`
`J. PARADISO - CONFIDENTIAL
`MR. SHAW: Objectto form.
`A. Well, the phoneis coupling to
`the device. Is the user doingit -- the
`userisn't going to the Bluetooth protocol
`and doing that and the waythis patent kind
`of looks, you just get near the device,
`you're in range and it works. This is a
`much more detailed dance here. The user
`10 basically is making the decision whether
`11
`they wantto pair or not and -- yeah.
`12
`Q.
`Soam| correct to understand
`13
`that your opinionis that the userisn't
`14 coupling the device.
`It's the phone
`
`. Okay.
`19
`But -- so if a user pairs one of
`20
`the accused devices to an iPhone running
`21
`22 the Fitbit app, then you would agree that a
`23 web-enabled wireless phone has been coupled
`24 toa device which provides exercise-related
`25 information, right?
`
`269
`
`J. PARADISO - CONFIDENTIAL
`
`OnkoOhd=
`
`Q. Okay.
`A. The phonewill do the coupling.
`See e.g., Paradiso Dep.Tr. (Dkt. 342-
`
`

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`Case 1:19-cv-11586-FDS Document 390 Filed 07/11/22 Page 9 of 91
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`U.S. Patent No. 8,277,377 — 1(c)
`
`Limitation 1(c): rendering a user interface on the web-enabled wireless
`phone;
`
`‘ay
`
`Lad
`
`% 4 0100%
`
`‘7
`
`me icts] ate] co)
`
`Cardio Fitness
`
`1:07 PM
`fitbit
`
`TODAY
`
`5090
`
`4,326
`
`n
`
`2.18
`
`1,935
`
`wy
`
`64 bpm
`
`rq z
`hid
`
`WearyourFitbit to bed
`0
`
`See e.g., Martin Opening Report (Dkt. 342-1) at 7] 73, 163
`
`€
`

`

`Case 1:19-cv-11586-FDS Document 390 Filed 07/11/22 Page 10 of 91
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`Case 1:19-cv-11586-FDS Document 390 Filed 07/11/22 Page 10 of 91
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`U.S. Patent No. 8,277,377 — 1(d)
`
`Limitation 1(d): using the application, receiving data indicating a physiologic
`status of a subject;
`
`¢ Every time a sync occurs, data
`indicating a physiologic status of
`a subject(i.e. heart rate data) is
`received by the paired
`smartphoneusing the Fitbit App.
`
`peak
`
`@ RESTING HEART RATE
`
`58 bpm
`
`“EXERCISE ZONES
`
`203 calories
`
`44 min
`| O min
`
`See e.g., Martin Opening Report (Dkt. 342-1) at J 81
`
`

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`Case 1:19-cv-11586-FDS Document 390 Filed 07/11/22 Page 11 of 91
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`Case 1:19-cv-11586-FDS Document 390 Filed 07/11/22 Page 11 of 91
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`U.S. Patent No. 8,277,377 —1(e)
`
`Limitation 1(e): using the application, receiving data indicating an amountof
`exercise performed by the subject;
`
`¢ Every time a sync occurs, data indicating an amountof exercise performed by
`the subject (e.g., step, distance, and/or Active Minutes data) is received by
`the paired smartphoneusing the Fitbit App
`
`eee)
`
`Distance
`
`eee
`
`Today
`
`0.15 miles
`
`4.37 mies
`
`8,485 veoe
`
`9,183 steps
`
`Howdoes Fitbit calculate distance?
`%& Try hitting 10,000steps a day! Learn More
`* woe areee ia ie
`@ Fitbit trackers calculate distance using your
`y're periodsofmoderate activity done for
`stride length or GPS.
`Learn More
`ee A 10 minutes or more. Learn More
`es
`Today
`steps
`328
`Mays
`eter
`Today
`Oactive minutes
`
`>
`
`Wea
`
`66 active minutes
`
`See e.g., Martin Opening Report (Dkt. 342-1) at | 85
`
`

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`Case 1:19-cv-11586-FDS Document 390 Filed 07/11/22 Page 12 of 91
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`U.S. Patent No. 8,277,377 – 1(f)
`Limitation 1(f): wherein at least one of the data indicating a physiologic status 
`of a subject or the data indicating an amount of exercise performed by the 
`subject is received from the device which provides exercise‐related 
`information, and wherein the data indicating a physiologic status of a subject 
`is received at least partially while the subject is exercising;
`
`• Every time a sync occurs while the user is exercising, this limitation is met
`
`See e.g., Fitbit advertising video (Dkt. 343‐20) at 0:12‐0:16; Syncs occur 
`every 15 minutes. Dkt. 367 at ¶ 40.
`
`See generally Dkt. 340 at 5‐7
`
`11
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`

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`Case 1:19-cv-11586-FDS Document 390 Filed 07/11/22 Page 13 of 91
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`U.S. Patent No. 8,277,377 — 1(g)
`
`Limitation 1(g): sending the exercise-related information to an internet server
`via a wireless network;
`
`The exercise-related information is sent to Fitbit’s servers every time a sync
`occurs
`
`When You Sync Your Device
`
`address used whensyncing.
`
`|This
`Whenyousync your device, data about your activity is transferred from your device to our servers.
`data is stored andusedto provide the Fitbit Service. Each time a sync occurs, we also log data aboutthe
`transmission. Some examplesof the log data are the sync time anddate, device battery level, and the IP
`
`See e.g., Martin Opening Report (Dkt. 342-1) at 4 127 (reproducing excerpt from Fitbit’s
`website (annotated))
`
`e¢ Syncs occur over wireless networks of Wi-Fi or cellular networks
`
`

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`U.S. Patent No. 8,277,377 — 1(h) and 1(i)
`
`Limitations 1(h): receiving a calculated response from the server, the response
`associated with a calculation performed by the server based on the exercise-
`related information; and
`Limitation 1(i): using the application, displaying the response
`
`. = :| Cardio Fitness Level
`
`_.—+--| Cardio Fitness Score
`
`© 94 499%
`
`See e.g., Martin Opening Report (Dkt. 342-1) at 7 163
`
`

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`Case 1:19-cv-11586-FDS Document 390 Filed 07/11/22 Page 15 of 91
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`Sending/Receiving – 1(g) and 1(h)
`
`14
`
`See generally Dkt. 340 at 7‐13, Dkt. 378 at 2‐4; Dkt. 362 at 3‐15
`
`

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`Sending/Receiving — 1(g) and 1(h)
`
`6°] ~~>
`
`Fitbit admitted that “Cardio Fitness
`Levels include ‘Excellent’, ‘Very
`Good’, ‘Good’,‘Average’, ‘Fair’, and
`‘Poor’.” Dkt. 367 at 162
`
`‘TERE tullete-oherennenidence
`_.
`Y
`contradicting that someof the data
`used “was gathered by an Accused
`Wearable.” Only denied as to
`
`the
`
`interactive exercise monitoring,
`1. A method for
`method comprising the stepsof:
`a. downloading an application to a web-enabled wireless
`phonedirectly from a remote server over the internet;
`b. coupling the a web-enabled wireless phone to a device
`whichprovides exercise-related information;
`c. rendering a user interface on the web-enabled wireless
`phone;
`d. using the application, receiving data indicating a physi-
`ologic status of a subject;
`e. using the application, receiving data indicating an
`amount of exercise performed bythe subject;
`f. wherein at least one ofthe data indicating a physiologic
`status of a subject or the data indicating an amount of
`exercise performed bythe subject is received from the
`device whichprovides exercise-related information, and
`wherein the data indicating a physiologic status ofa
`subject is receivedat least partially while the subject is
`exercising;
`. sending the exercise-related information to an internet
`server Via a wireless network;
`the
`, receiving a calculated response from the server,
`response associa
`ith a calculation performedbythe
`server based on the exercise-related information; and
`. using the application, displaying the response.
`
`we
`
`

`

`Case 1:19-cv-11586-FDS Document 390 Filed 07/11/22 Page 17 of 91
`
`bi ahd
`
`Ceac)
`pedauLtag
`BT auee ele eeeBega bielg
`Cold
`
`0?
`a
`
`of 46-50
`
`Fitbit App running on
`cellphone and
`displaying Cardio
`Fitness Level of
`
`EXCELLENT
`46-50
`
`“Excellent” and
`
`Cardio Fitness Score
`
`

`

`Case 1:19-cv-11586-FDS Document 390 Filed 07/11/22 Page 18 of 91
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`Summary Judgment 
`Infringement of Quy ’377 by 
`Fitbit
`
`17
`
`

`

`Case 1:19-cv-11586-FDS Document 390 Filed 07/11/22 Page 19 of 91
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`Fitbit Arguments Against Infringement
`1. Claim construction – same server – “a remote server” and “an internet server” 1(a) and 
`1(g).  See Dkt. 364 at 2; Dkt. 330 at 12‐14.
`
`2. Claim construction – single server – “an internet server” 1(g) and 1(h).  See Dkt. 364 at 2; 
`Dkt. 330 at 12‐14.
`
`3. Claim construction – “calculated response … associated with a calculation …” 1(h). See Dkt. 
`364 at 5‐7; Dkt. 330 at 15‐19.
`a. Resting Heart Rate not based on exercised related information
`
`4. Claim construction – “triggering” and “Wi‐Fi.” See Dkt. 364 at 5‐6. 
`
`5. Performance of “coupling” and “rendering” 1(b) and 1(c). See Dkt. 364 at 9‐10; Dkt. 337 at 
`9‐10.
`
`6. Evidence insufficient on performance of the method. See Dkt. 364 at 10‐18; Dkt. 332.
`1. Non‐infringing alternatives
`
`18
`
`

`

`Case 1:19-cv-11586-FDS Document 390 Filed 07/11/22 Page 20 of 91
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`Fitbit Arguments – Single Server 1(a) and 1(g)
`Fitbit failed to raise this argument 
`during Markman
`
`•
`
`•
`
`•
`
`The antecedent references and 
`different names demonstrate that 
`the “remote server” and the 
`“internet server” may be different 
`servers. Bd. of Regents of the U. of 
`Texas System v. BENQ Am. Corp., 
`533 F.3d 1362, 1371 (Fed. Cir. 2008) 
`(“Different claim terms are 
`presumed to have different 
`meanings.”)
`
`Fitbit offered no evidence to 
`contradict the fact that “The Fitbit 
`App must be downloaded from the 
`Apple App Store for smartphones 
`running iOS.” See e.g., Dkt. 367, ¶2 
`and ¶3 (for Android).
`
`19
`
`See generally Dkt. 340 at 10‐11; Dkt. 291 at 2‐6
`
`

`

`Case 1:19-cv-11586-FDS Document 390 Filed 07/11/22 Page 21 of 91
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`Fitbit Arguments — Single Server 1(g) and 1(h)
`
`’377 specification explains that
`”
`s
`server 22”
`resides on more than
`one physical server. Physical
`configuration not specified.
`
`
`
`the
`1. A method for interactive exercise monitoring,
`method comprising the stepsof:
`a. downloading an application to a web-enabled wireless
`phonedirectly from a remote server overthe internet;
`b. coupling the a web-enabled wireless phone to a device
`which provides exercise-related information;
`c. rendering a user interface on the web-enabled wireless
`phone;
`d. using the application, receiving data indicating a physi-
`ologic status of a subject;
`e. using the application, receiving data indicating an
`amount of exercise performed by the subject;
`f. wherein at least one of the data indicating a physiologic
`status of a subject or the data indicating an amount of
`exercise performed by the subject is received from the
`device which provides exercise-related information, and
`wherein the data indicating a physiologic status of a
`subject is received at least partially while the subject is
`exercising;
`g. sending the exercise-related informationtoaninternet
`"It should also be noted that each ofapplication 62, algo-
`via a wireless network;
`rithm 63, external data source 74, or AI system 76,
`h. receiving a calculated responseaayte
`
`
`OL e.g, storage or multiple processing purposes.
`response associated with a calcula ion performed
`by the
`of application 62, algorithm 63, external data source 74,
`server based on the exercise-related information: and
`or AI system 76, or combinations of each, may also respec-
`i. using the application, displaying the response.
`tively reside on different servers.
`
`

`

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`Case 1:19-cv-11586-FDS Document 390 Filed 07/11/22 Page 22 of 91
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`iceoats
`
`APPLICATION
`PRESENTATION
`LAY!
`
`en a base serverapplication 62 with which the
`
`same calculates or provides a response based at least in part
`on data from WHMA 10. Application 62 may include an
`algorithm 63 for analyzing data from the HMD,andeither
`application 62 or algorithm 63 may optionally access data
`
`Fitbit Arguments — Single Server 1(g) and 1(h)
`
`
`
`from anSpiele7Aend may further consult an
`
`artificial intelligence system 76.
`
`’377 at 8:14-20,Fig. 4
`
`
`"It should also be noted that each of application 62, algo-
`rithm 63, external data source 74, or AI system 76,
`
`
`or, ¢.g., storage or multiple processing purposes.
`
`ch
`of application 62, algorithm 63, external data source 74,
`or Al system 76, or combinations of each, may also respec-
`tively reside on different servers.
`,
`:
`.
`377 at 8:45-51,Fig. 4
`
`Broken/dotted line as opposed to
`solid lines; arrows show array
`communicating
`
`and so on. Accordingly, the scope of the invention is to be
`limited only by the claims appended hereto, and equivalents
`
`ments of the above-described preferred embodiment thatare
`knownorlater come to be knownto those ofordinary skill in
`the art are expressly incorporated herein by reference and are
`intended to be encompassed bythe present claims. Moreover,
`
`’377 at 13:3-6
`
`

`

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`Case 1:19-cv-11586-FDS Document 390 Filed 07/11/22 Page 23 of 91
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`Fitbit Arguments — Single Server 1(g) and 1(h)
`
`The indefinite article “an” means “one or more.”
`Baldwin Graphic Sys., Inc. v. Siebert, Inc., 512 F.3d 1338, 1342 (Fed Cir. 2008) (the
`Federal Circuit “has repeatedly emphasized that an indefinite article ‘a’ or ‘an’ in
`patent parlance carries the meaning of ‘one or more’ in open endedclaims
`containing the transitional phrase ‘comprising’” and “subsequentuse of definite
`articles ‘the’ or ‘said’ in a claim to refer back to the same claim term does not
`change the general plural rule, but simply reinvokes that non-singular meaning.”)
`See e.g., Dkt. 291 at 3-6.
`Fitbit’s FotoMedia caseis inapposite relying on circumstance that “[the
`specification] does not suggest or teach the concept of a distributed system
`anywhere.” FotoMedia, LLC v. AOL, LLC, 2009 WL 2175845,at *6 (E.D. Tex. July
`21, 2009).
`
`
`
`
` Dkt. 367 at 99151 and 55.
`
`

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`Fitbit Arguments – Single Server 1(g) and 1(h)
`Fitbit failed to distinguish Philips cited cases explaining that, unless specified 
`otherwise, transmissions can be “direct or indirect” including through intermediates:
`
`•
`
`• SiRF Tech., Inc. v. I.T.C., 601 F.3d 1319, 1330 (Fed. Cir. 2010)
`•
`“[I]f a claim for a method of making a telephone call included the limitation: 
`‘placing a telephone call to a telephone at a second location,’ the fact that 
`the call must first be routed through a switched telephone network, and 
`then eventually to the eventual recipient, would not prevent this claim 
`limitation from being satisfied.”
`IGT v. Alliance Gaming Corp., No. 2:04‐cv‐1676, 2008 WL 11451149, at *18‐19 (D. 
`Nev. Oct. 16, 2008)
`•
`“to send . . . to a player tracking server” construed to encompass using an 
`intermediary
`• AGIS Software Development LLC v. Huawei Device USA Inc., No. 2:17‐cv‐513, 
`2018 WL 4908169, at *26‐27 (E.D. Tex. Oct. 10, 2018)
`•
`rejecting proposed construction of “receiving a message from a second 
`device” that would require the message to be received “directly” and 
`“without the use of a server”
`• Additional cases Dkt. 362 at 11‐12
`
`24
`
`

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`Fitbit “response associated with a calculation” 
`
`A “response associated with a 
`calculation … based [entirely or 
`at least in part] on the exercise‐
`related information”
`
`’377 at 8:13‐20
`
`25
`
`’377 at 9:35‐44; see also 10:47‐53. 
`
`

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`Case 1:19-cv-11586-FDS Document 390 Filed 07/11/22 Page 28 of 91
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`Case 1:19-cv-11586-FDS Document 390 Filed 07/11/22 Page 28 of 91
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`Case 1:19-cv-11586-FDS Document 390 Filed 07/11/22 Page 29 of 91
`
`•
`
`Fitbit Arguments – “triggering” and “WiFi”
`Fitbit failed to raise this argument 
`during Markman. 
`• No basis for Fitbit’s argument that 
`“triggering” is required in the claim.  
`Dkt. 364 at 5‐6.  No requirement 
`that receiving must be triggered by 
`sending.
`Fitbit’s argument is contrary to the 
`specification.  Philips’ Reply Dkt. 
`378 at 5‐6 (e.g., User Sends 
`Supplemental Data to Server)
`• WiFi is “wireless” connection in the 
`claims and specification.  
`
`•
`
`28
`
`

`

`Case 1:19-cv-11586-FDS Document 390 Filed 07/11/22 Page 30 of 91
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`Case 1:19-cv-11586-FDS Document 390 Filed 07/11/22 Page 30 of 91
`
`Fitbit Arguments — “triggering” and “WiF
`
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`l
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`

`Case 1:19-cv-11586-FDS Document 390 Filed 07/11/22 Page 31 of 91
`
`Case 1:19-cv-11586-FDS Document 390 Filed 07/11/22 Page 31 of 91
`
`Fitbit Arguments — “triggering” and “WiF
`
`-7)
`l
`
`¢ Specification repeatedly refers to the IEE 802.11 protocol as “wireless”
`¢ Prosecution history cited by Fitbit does not mention Wi-Fi let alone show a “clear and
`unmistakable disclaimer”
`
`As forwirelesstechniques, infrared (IR), microwaves,
`
`radio frequency(RF), e.g., Bluetooth®or
`tocols, optical techniques including lasers, and other such
`techniques may be used. The patient or subject may also input
`
`15
`
`U.S. Patent No. 8,277,377 at 4:13-16 (highlighting added)
`
`

`

`Case 1:19-cv-11586-FDS Document 390 Filed 07/11/22 Page 32 of 91
`
`•
`
`Fitbit Arguments – “coupling” and “rendering”
`• Hilgraeve Corp. v. Symantec Corp., 265 
`F.3d 1336, 1342, n.2 (Fed. Cir. 2001) 
`(“While the parties, and the district 
`court's decision, speak of the accused 
`devices as infringing, more properly the 
`allegation is that the operation of the 
`devices directly infringes the method 
`claims at issue . . . .”)
`Linear Tech. Corp. v. Impala Linear Corp., 
`379 F.3d 1311, 1326 (Fed. Cir. 2004) 
`(discussing “customers who use [accused 
`devices] in a way that directly infringes 
`the method claim”)
`Sentius Int’l, LLC v. Apple Inc., 2020 WL 
`2850286, at *4 (N.D. Cal. June 2, 
`2020)(“[T]he use of a method by a device 
`creates liability for the party that controls 
`the device . . . .”)
`Fitbit does not distinguish the cases and 
`cites NO cases to the contrary.
`
`•
`
`•
`
`31
`
`

`

`Case 1:19-cv-11586-FDS Document 390 Filed 07/11/22 Page 33 of 91
`
`Overwhelming Evidence of 
`Infringing Use by Fitbit and its 
`Customers
`
`See generally Dkt. 363
`
`32
`
`

`

`Case 1:19-cv-11586-FDS Document 390 Filed 07/11/22 Page 34 of 91
`
`Case Law Supports Infringement
`
`• Toshiba Corp. v. Imation Corp., 681 F.3d 1358 (Fed. Cir. 2012)
`• Reversed the district court grant of summary judgment of noninfringement.
`• The correct standard is whether there is sufficient circumstantial evidence 
`to find that “sometime during the relevant period … more likely than not 
`one person somewhere in the United States” [displayed Cardio Fitness on 
`their phone where the phone had synced during exercise]. Id. at 1366.  Only 
`requires 1 in 
` Fitbit users over a period of 4+ years.
`“The district court erred as a matter of law.  The existence of a substantial 
`non‐infringing use does not preclude a finding of inducement.” Id. at 1364.
`“Users may record data onto DVDs using either the disc‐at‐once mode 
`[infringing] or multisession mode [non‐infringing unless finalization 
`employed].”  Id.
`“[W]hen the disc‐at‐once mode is used, the DVD necessarily infringes.”  Id.
`“In the present case,[] recording DVDs in disc‐at‐once mode or multisession 
`mode with finalization is not disabled by default, and Appellees go beyond 
`describing the infringing mode; they recommend that customers use the 
`infringing mode.”  Id. at 1365.
`
`•
`
`•
`
`•
`•
`
`33
`
`

`

`Case 1:19-cv-11586-FDS Document 390 Filed 07/11/22 Page 35 of 91
`
`Case Law Supports Infringement
`• Moleculon Research Corp. v. CBS, Inc., 793 F.2d 1261, 1272 (Fed. Cir. 1986)
`•
`“[E]vidence of extensive puzzle sales … and the availability of a solution 
`booklet on how to solve the puzzle” was sufficient.
`
`•
`
`Lucent Techs., Inc. v. Gateway, Inc., 580 F.3d 1301, 1317‐18 (Fed. Cir. 2009)
`•
`Involved use of the “data‐picker tool”. 
`•
`“[T]he jury reviewed evidence relating to the extensive sales of Microsoft 
`products and the dissemination of instruction manuals for the Microsoft 
`products.”
`
`34
`
`

`

`Case 1:19-cv-11586-FDS Document 390 Filed 07/11/22 Page 36 of 91
`
`Fitbit Cases are Inapposite
`• ACCO Brands, Inc. v. ABA Locks Mfrs. Co., Ltd., 501 F.3d 1307 (Fed. Cir. 2007)
`• Per the Federal Circuit in Toshiba, “The products in ACCO, however, were 
`sold only with instructions describing the non‐infringing use.” Toshiba Corp. 
`v. Imation Corp., 681 F.3d 1358, 1366 (Fed. Cir. 2012)(emphasis added).
`
`• E‐Pass Techs., Inc. v. 3Com Corp., 473 F.3d 1213 (Fed. Cir. 2007)
`•
`“E‐Pass has submitted no evidence that the patented method has ever been 
`practiced.” Id. at 1221 (emphasis original).
`• No deployment of contactless payment protocols.
`• Evidence failed to show that “any such [contactless payment] protocol was 
`ever actually deployed.”  Id. at 1222.
`• Relied only on “a set of excerpts from the product manuals” for Palm PDAs  
`Id. 
`
`35
`
`

`

`Case 1:19-cv-11586-FDS Document 390 Filed 07/11/22 Page 37 of 91
`
`Fitbit Cases are Inapposite
`• Fujitsu Ltd. V. Netgear, 620 F.3d 1321 (Fed. Cir. 2010)
`• Federal Circuit has twice declined to extend Fujitsu beyond cases where 
`infringing option was disabled by default. See Toshiba Corp. v. Imation 
`Corp., 681 F.3d 1358, 1365 (Fed. Cir. 2012); see also Convolve, Inc. v. 
`Compaq Comp. Corp., 527 Fed.Appx. 910, 929 (Fed. Cir. 2013) (unpublished 
`and nonprecedential)
`
`36
`
`

`

`Case 1:19-cv-11586-FDS Document 390 Filed 07/11/22 Page 38 of 91
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`Case 1:19-cv-11586-FDS Document 390 Filed 07/11/22 Page 38 of 91
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`Overwhelming Evidenceof Infringing Use
`
`Use by Fitbit and Its Customers.
`
` . Dkt. 367 at 414.
`
`¢ Evidence of extensive infringing use includes
`Surveys conductedby Fitbit that evidence use. See e.g., Martin Opening Report (Dkt.
`A:
`342-1) at 74] 249-254; Dkt. 363 at 8.
`Studies conducted byFitbit that evidence use. See e.g., Martin Opening Report (Dkt.
`342-1) at 4] 255-258.
`Testimonials of use from Fitbit’s website. See e.g., Martin Opening Report (Dkt. 342-
`1) at 94] 255-258.
`Videos that evidence use and encourageuse. See e.g., Martin Opening Report (Dkt.
`
`342-1) at 4] 227. Advertisements in which Fitbit advertised its Cardio Fitness Score/Level feature
`
`being displayed on the Fitbit App running on a smartphone.See e.g., Dkt. 363 at 5-9.
`User manuals and Help pages from Fitbit’s website instructing users on how to
`perform the claimed method. See e.g., Dkt. 363 at 5-9.
`
`

`

`Case 1:19-cv-11586-FDS Document 390 Filed 07/11/22 Page 39 of 91
`
`Fitbit’s Response to Statement of Facts 
`
`Fitbit only denies that infringement happens every time ‐‐ Fitbit never denies 
`infringement occurs sometimes (Dkt. 367):
`
`•
`
`•
`
`•
`
`Limited denial that infringing operation is the “only way.” See e.g., Fitbit 
`Response to Fact Nos. 64, 65.
`Limited denial that Accused Devices “may [or can] only be” used to infringe.
`See e.g., Fitbit Response to Fact Nos. 12, 23, 25, 26, 27, 28, 32, 33, 34, 35, 38, 39, 
`44, 45, 63.
`Limited denial that “every” Accused Device infringes in every operation. See e.g., 
`Fitbit Response to Fact Nos. 32, 33, 34, 35, 44, 51, 52, 53, 55, 56, 63, 64, 71.
`
`In many instances, Fitbit admits or fails to offer evidence to generate a genuine 
`issue of fact.  See e.g., Fitbit Response to Fact Nos. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 
`21, 22, 25, 27, 28, 29, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 43, 44, 45, 47, 49, 50, 
`54, 60, 62, 71, 72, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79.
`
`38
`
`

`

`Case 1:19-cv-11586-FDS Document 390 Filed 07/11/22 Page 40 of 91
`
`Syncing During Exercise
`
`• Fitbit admits that if the threshold requirements are met and “All Day Sync” is turned 
`on, syncs occur every 15 minutes. Dkt. 367 at Fitbit RSF 40. 
`
`•
`
`“All Day Sync” feature
`• Turned on by default. Dkt. 367 at Fitbit RSF 41.
`• Fitbit removed the option to turn off this feature in 2020. Martin Opening 
`Report (Dkt. 342‐1) at ¶¶ 103‐104.
`
`• Fitbit designed 5 features each of which require that user’s paired smartphone be 
`within range of Accused Wearables (as well as have Bluetooth enabled)
`• Connected GPS – GPS Runs
`• Music Control (music on phone)
`•
`Live Dash (dashboard on phone)
`• Notifications (calls, etc. from phone)
`• Quick Replies
`
`39
`
`

`

`Case 1:19-cv-11586-FDS Document 390 Filed 07/11/22 Page 41 of 91
`
`Case 1:19-cv-11586-FDS Document 390 Filed 07/11/22 Page 41 of 91
`
`Cardio Fitness
`
`
`
`Get a Clear Snapshot of Your
`Fitness with the New Fitbit
`
`Cardio Fitness Level
`
`BY FITBIT STAFF
`
`alin
`
`Fitbit automatically provides you with a
`Cardio Fitness Level in the app using your
`resting heart rate and user profile. You can
`obtain a more precise Cardio Fitness Score
`& Level by going for a run of at least 10
`minutes on flat terrain at a comfortable
`
`pace with Connected GPS enabled. The
`
`

`

`Case 1:19-cv-11586-FDS Document 390 Filed 07/11/22 Page 42 of 91
`
`@:CONNECTED GPS
`
`4.5 miles
`
`“% 8°25" avg pace
`@ 145 avg BPM
`
`©: CONNECTED GPS
`
`CARDIO FITNESS LEVEL
`
`25 minutes running — phone sync
`every 15 minutes
`
`Syncing During Exercise and Cardio Fitness
`
`Shown“in the [Fitbit] App”
`
`9 o-
`
`a
`
`
`
`

`

`Case 1:19-cv-11586-FDS Document 390 Filed 07/11/22 Page 43 of 91
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`Case 1:19-cv-11586-FDS Document 390 Filed 07/11/22 Page 43 of 91
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`Syncing During Exercise
`
`Accused Device
`
`naNeliXte
`
`
`
`
`
`& 1 9 active minutes
`
`6 8 403 8 steps
`
`
`
`https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=
`aunF4Soq UQ
`
`19 minutes active —
`phone sync every 15
`
`minutes
`
`

`

`Case 1:19-cv-11586-FDS Document 390 Filed 07/11/22 Page 44 of 91
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`Case 1:19-cv-11586-FDS Document 390 Filed 07/11/22 Page 44 of 91
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`Syncing During Exercise
`
`e Fitbit advertises users exercising with paired smartphonesin range
`
`. Accused Device
`
`
`0:25
`
`D.I. 343-17 at
`
`Over 20 minute run —
`
`minutes
`
`D.I. 343-17 at 0:26
`
`httos://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desk
`
`top&v=3k3DNT54NkA
`
`

`

`Case 1:19-cv-11586-FDS Document 390 Filed 07/11/22 Page 45 of 91
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`Case 1:19-cv-11586-FDS Document 390 Filed 07/11/22 Page 45 of 91
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`
`
`

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`Case 1:19-cv-11586-FDS Document 390 Filed 07/11/22 Page 46 of 91
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`Case 1:19-cv-11586-FDS Document 390 Filed 07/11/22 Page 46 of 91
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`
`
`

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`Case 1:19-cv-11586-FDS Document 390 Filed 07/11/22 Page 47 of 91
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`Case 1:19-cv-11586-FDS Document 390 Filed 07/11/22 Page 47 of 91
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`
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`Case 1:19-cv-11586-FDS Document 390 Filed 07/11/22 Page 48 of 91
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`Case 1:19-cv-11586-FDS Document 390 Filed 07/11/22 Page 48 of 91
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`Study of Use of Claimed MethodbyFitbit Users
`
`75. In the Klepin etal.
`study,
`
`Martin Opening
`Report at §] 256
`
`PNA-FB0016672
`
`76. In the Klepin etal.
`study,participants
`
`Martin Opening
`Report at § 256
`
`not allege, and the cited
`evidence doesnotindicate.
`whetherthe study
`participants viewed their
`Cardio Fitness Score on the
`
`PNA-FB0016672 Fitbit notes that Philips does
`
`

`

`Case 1:19-cv-11586-FDS Document 390 Filed 07/11/22 Page 49 of 91
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`Case 1:19-cv-11586-FDS Document 390 Filed 07/11/22 Page 49 of 91
`
`Testimonials/Instructions from Fitbit - GPS Run
`
`° fitbit,|community
`
`05-13-2018 22:50 - last edited on 09-08-2020 18:54 by MatthewFitbit MarreFitbit
`
`©
`
`Fitbit Moderator
`@ 38813 v 3896
`
`wf 11692
`
`This year I've been tracking mycardio fitness score and have watched it go up from good to the upper
`
`endoftheverygood/excellentsection. Inthelastcoupleofmonths|havelostalotofweightanddone
`
`@ lot more exercise but the score just showsthat I register at 30 (average) and It hasn’t movedfrom that at
`all for at least 8 weeks.It hasnt budged from 30either (so hasn't gone lower or higher) which suggests to
`meit isn't working rather thanIt reflecting an accurate score. Why would that be?
`
`We can provide a more precise estimate ofyour score using the relationship between pace and heart rate
`
`during your runs. This is because individuals with higher VO2 Max have a lower heart rate while running
`
`at thé Samé pace compared to individuals with lower VO2 Max. If you'ré adlé to run at a comfortable pace
`
`for at least 10 minutes] use multisport mode on your Charge2 to track a run with cps[Werecommend_]
`
`running on flat terrain as much as possible since only the flat sections of your run count towards your
`
`score estimate. YOU May NE&Ed 16 go ON Séveral runs that are at least 10 minutes In length to affect your
`
`score.
`
`Dkt. 343-08 (PNA-FB0016665-67); see also Martin Opening Report (Dkt. 342-1) at 9257.
`
`

`

`Case 1:19-cv-11586-FDS Document 390 Filed 07/11/22 Pag