Case 1:13-cv-00919-LPS Document 129-1 Filed 07/17/19 Page 1 of 13 PageID #: 4953
`Case 1:13-cv-00919—LPS Document 129-1 Filed 07/17/19 Page 1 of 13 PageID #: 4953
`
`EXHIBIT 5C
`
`EXHIBIT 5C
`
`

`

`Designed for
`
`Case 1:13-cv-00919-LPS Document 129-1 Filed 07/17/19 Page 2 of 13 PageID #: 4954
`.tii^
`
`Microsoft"
`WindowsNI"
`Windows9S
`
`Over
`7,600
`Terms
`
`AddltionalTerms
`Available On Line
`Quarterly
`
`I
`
`I
`
`t
`
`

`

`Case 1:13-cv-00919-LPS Document 129-1 Filed 07/17/19 Page 3 of 13 PageID #: 4955
`
`Microsoft press
`
`ffi
`
`Third Edition
`
`Microsoft press
`
`

`

`Case 1:13-cv-00919-LPS Document 129-1 Filed 07/17/19 Page 4 of 13 PageID #: 4956
`
`PUBLISHED BY
`Microsoft Press
`A Division of Microsoft Corporation
`One Microsoft WaY
`Redmond, Washington 98052-6399
`
`Copyright @ 1997 by Microsoft Corporation
`All rights reserved. No part of the contents of this book may be reproduced or transmitted
`in any form or by any means without the written permission of the publisher'
`Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
`Microsoft Press Computer Dictionary. -- 3rd ed'
`p. cm.
`ISBN 1-57231-446-X
`1. Computers--Dictionaries
`I. Microsoft Press.
`QA76.15.M54 1997
`004'.03--dc21
`
`2. Microcomputers--Dictionaries
`
`9'7 -15489
`CIP
`
`Printed and bound in the United States of America'
`6789 QMQM 2r09
`Distributed ro the book trade in canada by Macmillan of canada, a division of canada Publishing
`Corporation.
`A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
`Microsoft Press books are available through booksellers and distributors worldwide' For further
`information about international editions, contact your local Microsoft corporation office' or contact
`Microsoft Press International directly at fax (425) 936:7329 '
`Macintosh, Power Macintosh, QuickTime, and TrueType are registered trademarks of Apple computer'
`Inc. Intel is a registered trademark of Intel Corporation. Directlnput, DirectX' Microsoft, Microsoft
`press, MS-DOS, Visual Basic, visual c++, win32, win32s, Windows, windows NT, and XENIX are
`regisiered trademarks and ActiveMovie, ActiveX, and Visual J++ are trademarks of Microsoft
`CJrporation. Java is a trademark of Sun Microsystems, Inc. other product and company names
`mentionedherein'maybethetrademarksoftheirrespectiveowners,
`Acquisitions Editor: Kim FrYer
`Project Editor: Maureen Williams Zimmerman, Anne Taussig
`Technical Editors: Dail Magee Jr., Gary Nelson, Jean Ross, Jim Fuchs, John Conrow, Kurt Meyer'
`Robert LYon, RoslYn Lutsch
`
`

`

`Case 1:13-cv-00919-LPS Document 129-1 Filed 07/17/19 Page 5 of 13 PageID #: 4957
`
`.do \dot'D-O'\ rz On the intcrnet' thc maj<rr geo-
`"a*"i'l
`specifvi'g tltll "" aclclress is
`;";il
`irert..j in tlrt' Dorninitan l{t'prrlrlit'
`-D-o-c-\ rr' A lilc cxtcnsi()n th"lt
`.;;i.i.*u'k-,
`';.;;;;;
`:k;u me nt iiles fo rmattecl ror
`oL'{!
`1.11,1c]
`cessor' 'lhis is the dclault lile extcns;i6n fot'
`Mi.ro.oft \{/orc1 ckrcun-rent files'
`a""t iJ"f.r ttb L' '.r'> connect a laptol-r ot' note-
`book computer to I clocking stetion see^ako
`docking station, Iaptop' poltelrlc t"tllu:':i 2:-,,T'
`oi rn rrpplicrtion rvtn-
`i.".*^"",".tbat tt' ihe "clgt
`lt"tt'-es a featltrc of
`clow so that it attache' ""t1
`the aPPlication window'
`tnek'a-niz-am\ rz
`docking mechanism \clok'€ng
`";il^;".;"
`of a clocking staiion that'ont:l:ot't
`porrable computer with the statk)n
`..""'".i, 'n"
`See also docking st:ition'
`f"'
`d;.il; ;;,iori \ clok'eng stz' slran\ " 1..l:n
`housing a laptop or notebook conputer thrt (ron-
`slots' and
`tains a po*"t tot"t"ttit"-t' "*p"ttion
`.orrat"oan' to peripherels' sucti rs a monitor'
`-1'he pur-
`ori""it"it tt'"j t"it"'u'a' and mor-rse
`;;;; .? a ciocking siation is to turn the laptop or
`notebook tornput"t"t"'o a clesktop machiue and
`allow users the convenience of using sucl-r pe riph-
`erals as a monitor and a full-sizecl heyboard See
`the illustratio n' See also expansion slot' laptop'
`oerirrheral, Portalrle comPuter'
`the begin-
`al"wo. \clok'tip\ rt A declaration at
`-"t"|'.f
`a pnblic or
`an SGML docnment that givcs
`
`systcnr iclentilicr 1'or the ctocutnent type clefinitkr.
`iir;itrl ,,r the ckrctturenl see a/'so SGML'
`\cl.-kYa-'rnani\ rT AnY self-
`d;;;;,i
`".;;;J
`picc" .,f r'vo'k creatcd with en applica-
`;;;;;;;;"i'-' a.cl, if srvccl .n disk' given a uuique
`iii".l.t"'nt rvhicl-r it can be retrieved Docr"tmetlts
`ltt"'t.^"."itt thought ol as word-processed mate-
`rials only. 'lk) a c()lllpllter' however' data is noth-
`;;; ;t"; dra' a collecti'n .f ch:rracters' so n
`sprcaclsheet or a graphic is as mr-tch a clocument
`,o i. u 1.,'"' or rep()rl' In the Macintoslt cnviron-
`n't.,,-rr'ir-, 1-toUitttlat'' a cl<lct'ttnent is any Llsel'-c!:eated
`*.,L n"rn"tl ancl savccl as a separate file'
`\clo-liya-rnant'\ zrb To cxplain or
`O"""tt""r'
`annotxte srlmcttling, such as 21 program or a pro-
`ceclltre
`documentatio n \clo'kya-man-ta'shan\ rl The set
`of inslruclions shiPP ccl r,vith a Program or il Plcce
`c>f tr:rrclware l)ocltmenution usr-rally inclttcles nec-
`essxfy infot ullttitln :ll rottt the rype of computer s)ts-
`tem recluirccl, sclttP instrLtctions , and instrr,tctions
`on the ttsc ancl maintenance of the product.
`clocument-centric \do'kYa-mant -sen'trik\ adj.Of,
`pertaining to, or characteristic ofan oPelating sYstem
`in which ttre ltser ()pcns docume nt files and thus
`aLltomatic'.rllY involies thc applications (such as word
`ilrat Process
`spreadsheet programs)
`pfocessors
`them. Many graPhical user interfaces, such as the
`Ivlacintosl-r Finder, as well as the World Vide
`are document-centric ComPare
`
`OT
`
`Dockittg station'
`
`;
`lsia3
`
`

`

`Case 1:13-cv-00919-LPS Document 129-1 Filed 07/17/19 Page 6 of 13 PageID #: 4958
`Active
`
`accou{rt
`
`use<l punched cards and wires arranged in plug-
`t*;1H::",;:
`["ora pur,"i'' 2' A,compr-rte r
`:rr JJ
`ins software Package
`-:#J;;;rned oI' the comPLrter'h"t ?"iT
`il;;':-J;;J -u'ni"" with accountins as 1ts
`\a-kount' po.a-s€\ : t.?^i2!^'
`".#ili"n;[,
`"a *uttitser operating systems'a
`":::Xlfi.,?"1"
`il";;;, c"u"'".'lg #;,1";. T[;:"J ;;
`allowed access to th(
`existing user's rights art txpat'ded to include addi-
`An uttoun' policy also
`tional system '"'ou""''
`the rules with which the user must
`H#;;;;;"s
`:ilil' il;;':' *,n;. 1'jtffiH:',ill', [1'l;
`tain access privileges'
`rules controiiing lhe use of passwolds by the user
`accounts of a domain o' of utt individual com-
`ako domain (definition 2)'
`;;;;'s;'
`ti:ti-u-'t ' see Association of c and c++
`"[tlt
`,.".rirrr1.rto,o,' \a-ky6m'va-ta'tar\ n' A register
`Users
`";;
`or arithmetic' usuatly to count items
`;;tic
`or accumulate a sum'
`hich
`ia'itY",-a-se'r n' T\e degree to w
`;;;
`'rn" ,"tin oi a calculation or measurement approx-
`mpare precision (defini-
`imates the t"t" uuttt"'
`l|" t s'\ z' Acronvm ror nndv' !tra1!s'
`Ian's System' 'l'n oU1"ti-o'iented Seometric mod-
`^Hl
`designed ror use as a "geometry
`:u;; ;il;
`""ri"";*un,"r?T.ti,lJi",1l1iiff l,",ii;,1!l?
`provides an oP-en iH;il;oJetng from a
`wire-frame, surface' a
`celer-
`data structure' AcI?
`;;;;;,-;"iiied
`''s
`for solids
`aliv considered the aL f^tto 'uttdutd
`modeling' ACIS is O"u"top"a by Spatial Technol-
`ogY'Inc'
`- racknowledgment'Ames-
`ACK \ak\ zr' Short fo
`^;;"';";;
`tion or comPuter lnol
`readv to receive transmission or that a transmls-
`t"."*"a without errot' compare NAK'
`ff;;t
`eCil ie.'c-r'r n' see access control list'
`ACM \A-C-M'\ n' See Association for Computing
`Machinery'
`\a-k6'stik kaP'lar\.n' A com-
`munications a""it" *ittt a built-in insulated ctadle
`";;;;;;"Pler
`into which u t"f"pt'ot'" ftandset is fitted to estab-
`
`" ;i.: ::::[ffd :il: lT;t*',' f t
`
`-Co
`
`^send
`
`lish a connection between sencling and receiving
`.oaour",' Sec also modem'
`i;;-bat'\ rz' A commercial program
`from Adobe that converts a fulty lormatt"9^*'*-
`"#ffi
`ment created on a \YiJows' Macintosh' MS-DOS'
`or UNIX platform into a Portable Document'For-
`mat (PDF) file that tu'-' t'" viewed on several dif-
`ferent platfor*'' at'ou"t enables users to
`documents that contain distinctive typefaces'
`1"""' tt"ontls, and photographs -electron:1lY'
`;;;;ffitt: regardless of the application used to
`n"tipi"t'tt need the Acrobat
`;:#;:
`"'igit'r''
`i"^iir,"*on"ts available free' to view the files'
`e word derived from the
`ril""y,,,'i};,"-,''t'il'
`first letters o' gtol'o''oil"""tt in a multiword
`descriptive noun or other expression' often^serv-
`lne. as amnemonic' such as RAM (random access
`.anJ
`aurosxEc eAr (automatically
`
`":#;;' executed batch file)'
`rvice
`eiii\1, c-s -E \ n' see Association control sel
`Element'
`.i,iorr"rittt-"nt \ ak'shan sta'ment\ n' See state-
`rli#ironrecord \ak'ta-vd'shan rek'ard\' z
`-A
`data structure that represents the state of
`'some
`construct (such as u p'ot"dt""' function' block'
`:H;;;;r"*'::l",TUHI'.'J:,il:il;
`activation record ts us
`a^tu u"a sequencing' see also
`;;#;;';i;;tn
`dam strucure'
`"..i"":i"riit\ adj'Petaining to the devicc' pro-
`';;;;, r,r", 3, n"'-'.i.1;'^i1'f :fmg' :r'"1'"::ilJ
`operational or sub'ect il,rrr'tJ r"ction shows
`UsuallY the cursor or
`,n" u.iiu" element on the display screen
`'l
`i^t-:'i" sel'\ n' rhe highlighted cert on
`#;:;ti
`a spreadsheet display that-is the"curient focus of
`itiu't'ution //so called currenr
`il5;"--t.';;t 'n"
`cell, selected cell' See also tange'
`\ak'tiv kon'tent\ n' Matetiat'on a
`"*.;;;;;
`";;;.";;;tnt
`that changes on the.screen l]:l"ti:" "'
`in response to user u'tiio"' l't'iu" content is'imple-
`mented through Oot"* to""ols' See also LctiveX
`controls'
`\ak'tiv fll-\ z' The file affected bv a cur-
`;.;;"fi.
`-l"ni.o-tnund-rypically a data file'
`\ak'-
`Active Frarnework i"t
`dv frem'wark f"' aa't"a wJ;ho"-'et'g' dat'a\ n' L
`"to*"rehousing
`
`

`

`Case 1:13-cv-00919-LPS Document 129-1 Filed 07/17/19 Page 7 of 13 PageID #: 4959
`IIIfiltsnI
`Generation
`HTTP Next
`
`H-sync
`
`H-sync \H-s6nk\ n' See horizontal synchroniza-
`tion.
`.ht \clolH-T'\ n. On the Internet' the mafor geo-
`'-grupru.
`domain specifying that an address is
`located in Haiti.
`.ni- f aor'H-T-M'\ zr' The MS-DoS/Windows 3 x
`'-?it"
`that identifies Hypertext Markup
`'luneuie.
`""r"nrion
`(HTML) files, most commonly. used. as
`w"6 pu'g"t. Because MS-DOS and Windows 3'r
`.urr.ro, rlcognize file extensions longer than three
`letters, the .html extension is truncated to three let-
`ters in those environments See also HTML'
`.frtrnf taofU-T-M-L'\ n' Tlte file extension that
`identifies Hypertext Markup Language q-ITML)
`itf.t, -"" commonly used as \ileb pages' See also
`HTML.
`HTML \H'T-M-L'\ n' Aclonym for Hypertext
`--;;;ktp
`Lang\tage' The markup language used
`io, ao.u-."it on the \fortd Vide \Veb' HTML is
`un appti.atio.t of SGML that uses tags to mark ele-
`m"nis, srrch as text and graphics' in a document
`to indicate how Veb browsers should display
`to the user and should respond to
`in.r"
`"t"rn..rts
`user actions such as activation of a link by means
`of a key press or mouse click' HTML 2'0' defined
`iy-rtt"'f*.t"et Engineering Task Force (IETF)'
`i,i.rrra.t features oi lttur common to all 'web
`browsers as of 1995 and was the first version of
`Uir,or *ia"ty used on the Vorld Vide tXreb'
`future HTtvlt development will be carried out by
`the \Worid \qide \Web Consortium (\il3c). HTML
`3.2, the latest proposed standard' incorporates
`featureS widely implemented as of early 1996'
`Most \Web browsers, notably Netscape Navigator
`and Internet Explorer, recognize HTML tags
`l"y."a those inciuded in the present standard'
`iul ofo.htm, .html, SGML, tag (definition 3)' \ileb
`browser.
`fft*tl,* \H'T-M-L-plus'\ n ' An unofficial specifica-
`tion for enhancements to the original HTML' such
`fo..n, and tables. HTML+ was not adopted as a
`",
`standard but influenced the HTML 2'0 and HTML
`3.2 standards. See akoHTML'
`IITML 2.0 \H-T-M-L. t6'point-O'\ z' A. revised
`version of the HTML specific?tion that added the
`capability for forms and eliminated certain little-
`.rr"a ,"gr. Produced as an Internet Draft in mid-
`1994, TITML 2'0 represented common practice
`
`among browser developers at the- tim:^^I: w:s
`,iunaitair.a as an RFC in November 1995' See
`-alsoHTML,HTML
`3'0, HTML32' HTML+' RFC'
`\H'T-M-L' thre'point-o-\ rz A revised
`"i*iil.o
`l.rrio,l of the HTML specification lts primary
`enhancement to HTML 2'0 is the support or tables'
`HTML 3.0 was never stanclardizecl or fully imple-
`;;;;;J by a maior browser developer' see also
`HTML, HTML 2.0, HTML 3.2,HTML+,
`,triri., \H'T-M-r thr€'point-t6'\ n A vorld
`wide Veb Consortium (V3C) recommendation
`for an HTML standard that supersedes the pro-
`posed HTM! 3.0 standard and adds features to
`i{fru[ z.O such as applets, sub- and superscripts'
`i"nt"r, u.,a text flow around images' See also
`HTML, HTML 2.0, HTML 3.0.
`rliur io".t*.nt \H'T-M-L' dok'ya-mant\ n' 1' A
`hypertext clocument that has been coded with
`HTML. 2. See'Xteb Page'
`HTMleditor \H'T-M-L- ed'a-tar\ n' A software
`-
`program used to create and modify HTML docu-
`'*"its (w"U pages)' Most HTML editors include a
`method for inserting HTML tags without actually
`having to rype out each tag' A number of HTML
`editoi wili also automaticaliy reformat a docu-
`ment with HTML tags, based on formatting codes
`"t"J Uv the word processing program-in^which
`'the document was created ' See ako tag (definition
`l), \(zeb page.
`rtprr p.g. 1H"r-Ia-L' paj\ n' see'xreb pag.e'
`;iMt Li r n'r-rt'r-r ' r;g' I n ' see tag (definition 3) '
`HTML validation service \H T-M-L' val-e-da'shan
`saivis\ z. A service used to confirm that a \Web
`page uses valid HTML according to the latest stan-
`ZuTd unarc, that its hyperlinks are valid' An HTML
`validation service can catch smali syntactical errors
`in HTML coding as well as deviations from the
`HTML standards. See akoHTML'
`HTTP \H'T-T-P'\ n Acronym for HypertextTrans-
`-?r-"roro.ol.
`The client'/server protocol used to
`access information on the \forld'Vide lVeb' See
`alsoURL.
`HTTPd \H'T-T-P-D'\ n' Short for
`Transfer Protocol Daemon' A small'
`server available free from NCSA'
`HfiP server, NCSA (definition 1)'
`rfTTPNextGeneration \H'T-T-P' neksi jen
`i'shan\ n. See HTTP-NG'
`
`fast HT'IP
`See
`
`:
`
`HTTP-NG \I:
`text Tlansfe
`dard uncler ,
`Consortium
`and enablini
`rity. Vherea
`lishes a cc>n
`FITTP-NG r.v
`sists of sepz
`and data) lo
`lar client an,
`HTTPS \FI'T
`$/indows I
`lVlicrosoft
`(EMWAC) a
`land, it is av
`and offers st
`See also tsI'Y
`HTTP server
`ware that us
`and any i
`requestecl b
`connection
`brolten afte:
`been servec
`Intranet sit(
`HTML, Hfi]
`on which ar
`HTT? status
`sta'tus\ z.
`server that ir
`Codes begir
`the client m
`succes.sful r,
`client must
`' because of
`''failed
`becar
`403,40
`\dot.H-t
`do
`inF
`\hub\ r
`
`term is
`
`

`

`Case 1:13-cv-00919-LPS Document 129-1 Filed 07/17/19 Page 8 of 13 PageID #: 4960
`
`nlta'll
`
`-'-r/ \.lot'\i/-A-V'\ tt. The file extension that iden-
`'li?i"r
`rou"a liles stored in wavelolm (vAV) audio
`format. See also\XIAY.
`WA:V f *au, \f'A-V-\ n Afile format in whicl.r Vin-
`"jo*, ,ro."t sounds as waveforms Such files have
`.wav Depending on the sampling
`i11 "*t"r,riot't
`fr"qu"".V, on whether the sound is monaural or
`on whether 8 or 15 bits are used lor
`rr"i"., ""a
`each sample, one minute of sound can occupy as
`fttii" rt 6<+Uitobyt.cs or as much as2T megabytes
`oir,orug". See also sampling (definition 2)' wave-
`form.
`wave \wa,rf n. L Lt'ty disturbance or change that
`"l-,
`un oscillatory, periodic nature' for example' a
`i,"r', .r. sound wave See alsowaveform' 2' In elec-
`ulon'.t, the time-amplitude profile of an electrical
`signal'
`*u?.fot^ \wav'form\ zz' The manner in which a
`"iuu.'t amplitucle changes over time' See also
`phase, wavelength.
`wavelength \wav'lenkth, wav'length\ z. The dis-
`tance berlveen successive Peaks or troughs in a
`periodic signal that is proPagated through sPace
`.Wavelength is symbolized by the Greek letter
`lambda (L) and can be calculated as speed divided
`'by frequencY
`\wav 'lat\ n. A mat\ematical function
`that varies over a limited extent of time \Wave-
`'lets are coming into increasing use for analYzing
`(such as sound). TheY have limited
`and sudden changes in frequencY and
`rather than the infinite duration and
`amplitude and frequency of the sine
`cosine functions, Compare Fourier trans-
`
`\\X.B-E-M'\ a. AcronYm for Web-Based
`Management. A protocol that links a
`browser directlY to a device or aPPlication
`monitors a network. See also communications
`
`\\f'D-E-F'\ n. See window definition func-
`
`\\XnD-L'\ z. See Windows Driver Library
`ti'peng\ n A characteristic of
`typing \w€k'
`language that allows the Program
`the data type of a vatiable during pro-
`execution. See also data tYPe' variable. Com'
`strong typing.
`
`web \web\ z. A set of interlinked documents in a
`hypertext system. The user enters the web thlor-rgh
`,,'horn" page. See also'World Vide \ffeb'
`Web \web\ n. SeeWorld \X/ide Web'
`Web adclress \web- a'dres, a-dres'\ n' SeeURL'
`Web-Based Enterprise Management \web'basd
`en'tar-priz man'ai-mant\ n' See'{/BEM'
`Web browser \web' brou'zer\ n A client appli-
`cation that enables a Llser to view HTIvIL docu-
`ments on the Vorld Vide Web, another network'
`or the user's compLlter; follow the hyperlinks
`among them; and transfer files Text-based Veb
`browsers, such as Lynx, can serye users with
`shell accounts but show only the text elements of
`an H'fML clocument; most Web browsers' how-
`ever, require a connection that can handle IP
`packets br-rt will also clisplay graphics that are in
`,h. .lo.u,rr".,t, piay audio and video files' and
`execute small programs, such as Java applets or
`ActiveX controls, that can be embedded in HTML
`clocr.rments. Some \Web browsers require helper
`applications or plug-ins to accomplish one or
`more of these tasks. In addition, most current
`Web browsers permit users to send and receive
`e-mail and to read and respond to newsgroups'
`A!.so catted' browser. See also ActiveX controls'
`hetper application, hyperlink, Internet-Explorer'
`.lava applet, Lynx, Mosaic, Netscape Navigator'
`plug-in.
`weblrawler \web'kri'lar, kr6'lar\ n A rWorld
`Wide Vcb search cngine operated b)r America
`Online. See also search engine'
`Web development \web' de-vel'ap-mant\ lz' The
`design and coding of \X/orld'Wide 'Web pages'
`Web iirectory \web' dar-ek'tar-6\ a' A list of
`rweb sites, giving the URL and a description of
`each. See also URL.
`web index \web' in'deks\ z A Veb site intended
`to enable a user to locate other resources on the
`lweb. The \Web index may include a search facility
`or may merely contain individual hyperlinks to the
`resources indexed.
`Webmaster or webmaster \web-ma'star\ n' A
`person responsible for creating and maintaining a
`lVorld Wide Veb site A S(ebmaster is often
`responsible for responding to e-mail' ensuring the
`site is operating properly, creating and. updating
`tVeb pages, and maintaining the overall structure
`
`;
`
`

`

`Case 1:13-cv-00919-LPS Document 129-1 Filed 07/17/19 Page 9 of 13 PageID #: 4961
`cofiunent out
`
`lrom each other by commas' Use of cQmma-
`delirnited files allows communication berween
`.lnt"bur" systems that use different formats' If thd
`clala in a field contains a comma' the field is fur-
`ther surrounded with quotation marks'
`command \ka-mand'\ n An instruction to a com-
`puter pfogram that, when issued by the user'
`iuur"r^un-u.,ion to be carried out' Commands are
`usually either typed at the keyboard or chosen
`from a menu.
`command buffer \ka-mand' bufiar\ n Ln atea in
`memory in which commands entered by the user '
`are kept. A command buffer can enable the user
`to repeat commands without retyPing them com-
`pleteiy, edit past commands to change some argu-
`ment or correct a mrstake, undo commands' or
`obtain a list of past commands' See also history'
`template (definition 4)'
`button \ka-mand' but'an\ a A control
`shaped like a pushbutton in a dialog box in a
`"o-trr-*und
`.gr:1in" t user interface' By clicking a command
`button, the user causes the computer to perform
`some action, such as opening a file that has iust
`been selected using the other controls in the dia-
`log box.
`coi.rMeND.coM \ka-mand-dot-kom'' ka-mand'-
`dot-C-O-M'\ n. The command interpreter for MS-
`DOS. See also command interpreter'
`command-driven \ka-mand'driv'an\ adj' Accept-
`-i,',g
`.orn*uttds in the form of code words or letters'
`user must learn' Compare menu-driven'
`*i-,i.it ,t
`"
`command-ddvensystem \ka-mand'driv-an
`si'stam\ n. A system in which the user initiates
`operations by a command entered from the con-
`sole. Conxpare graphical user interface'
`comrrrand interpreter \ ka-mand' in-ter' pra-tar\
`n. A program, usually part of the operating sys-
`tem, that accepts ryped commands from the key-
`board and perfotms tasks as directed' The
`command interpreter is responsible for loading
`applications ani directing the flow of in^forma-
`tio.t U"t*e"n applications' ln OS/2 and MS-DOS'
`the command interpreter also handles simple
`functions, such as rnoving and copying files and
`displaying disk directory information' See ako
`shelll.
`Command key \ka-mand'ke'\ m' On the original
`' Macintosh keyboard, a key labeled with the spe-
`
`cial symbol, sometimes called the propeller or
`puppy f"", ffi. This key is found on-one or both
`iiali tr the iiacebar, depending on the versio-n.of
`the Apple keyboard' The key serves some ot the
`,u-.'fltn"tiotts as the Control key on IBM key-
`boards. See also Control keY'
`language \ka-mand' lang'waj\ z The
`-
`"o-^u.O
`t"i"f k"1*orJ, and exp'essions that are accepted
`as valid by the command interpreter ' See also com'
`mand interPreter.
`command line \ka-mand' lin-\ n ' A string of text
`written in the command language and passed to
`the command interpreter for execution ' See also
`command language'
`command-lln. lrrt"tfu"t \ka-mand'iin in'tar-fas\
`n. A form of interface between the operating sys-
`tem and the user in which the user types com-
`mands, using a special command language'
`ettnorrgn ryrt"-t with command-line interfaces
`ur" r.lr,iutty .onsidered more difficult to learn and
`use than those with graphical interfaces' com-
`mand-based systems are usually programmable;
`this gives them flexibility unavailable in graphics-
`basei systems that do not have a programming
`interface. Compare gtaphical user interface'
`command mode \ke-mand' mod'\ n' A mode of
`operation in which a progtam waits for a com-
`.rra.rd to be issued. Compare edit mode' insert
`mode.
`cornmand processing \ka-mand' pros'es-eng\ z
`See command-driven system'
`command processor \ka-mand' pros'es-ar\ n'
`,See command interPreter'
`command shell \ka-mand' shel\ n' See shell''
`commandstate \ka-mand'stlt'\ n' The state in
`which a modem accepts commands' such as a
`command to dial a telephone number' Compare
`online state'
`comment \kom'ent\ n'Text embedded in a pro-
`gram for documentation purposes' Comments
`i*"ffy describe what the program does' who
`wrote it, why it was changed, and so on Most pro-
`gramming languages have a syntax for creating
`io-rn"rrf, so that they can be recognized and
`ignored by the compiler or assembler' Ako called
`remark. See also comment out'
`comment out \kom'ent out'\ ab' To disable one
`-
`* -or" lines of code from a program temporarily
`
`l
`
`1-f
`
`i,
`,f
`
`e i
`
`,
`)-
`
`

`

`Case 1:13-cv-00919-LPS Document 129-1 Filed 07/17/19 Page 10 of 13 PageID #: 4962
`memory managernent pfogfam
`menu t af
`
`selectively storing data, monitoring it carefully,
`and freeing memory when the data is no longer
`needed. Most current operating systems optimize
`RAM usage on their own; some older operating
`systems, such as early versions of MS-DOS,
`required the use of third-party utilities to optimize
`RAM usage and necessitated that the user be more
`knowledgeable about how the operating system
`and applications used memory. See also memory
`management unit, RAM. 2. In programming, the
`process of ensuring that a program releases each
`chunk of memory when it is no longer needed. In
`some languages, such as C and C++, the program-
`mer must keep track of memory usage by the pro-
`gram. Java, a newer lan$uage, automatically frees
`any chunk of memory that is not ln use. See ako
`C, C++, garbage collection,Java.
`memory manag€ment pfogfam \mem'ar-E
`man'-aj-mant pro'gram\ n. l. A program used to
`store data and programs in system memory, moni-
`tor their use, and reassign the freed space follow-
`ing their execution. 2. A program that uses hard
`disk space as an extension of the random access
`memory (RAM).
`memory management unit \mem'ar-€ man'aj-
`
`mapping of virrual memory addresses to physical
`memory addresses. In some systems, such as those
`based on the 68020, the memory management unit
`is separate from the processor. In most modern
`microcomputers, however, the memory manage-
`ment unit is built into the CPU chip. In some sys-
`tems, the memory management unit provides
`interfacing between the microprocessor and mem-
`ory. This type of memory management unit is typ-
`ically responsible for address multiplexing and, in
`thd case of DRAMs, the refresh cycle. Acronym:
`MMU (M'M-U'). See ako physical address, refresh
`cycle, virtual address.
`memory model \mem'ar-6 mod'al\ n. The
`approach used to address the code and the data
`that are used in a computer program. The memory
`model dictates how much memory can be used in
`a program for code and how much for data. Most
`computers with a flat address space support only
`a single memory model. Computers with a seg-
`mented address space usually support multiple
`memory models. See also compact model, flat
`
`address space, large model, medium rnodel, seg-
`mented address space, small model, tiny model.
`memory-resident \mem'er-6-rez'a-dant\ adj.
`Permanently located in a computer's memory,
`rather than swapped in and out of memory as
`needed. See also memory, TSR.
`memorysfue \mem'er-E srz'\ n. The memory
`capacity ola computer, usually measured in mega-
`bytes. See also meg byte, memory.
`memorytypewriter \mem'ar-€ tip'ri-rar\ z. An
`electric typewriter with internal memory and cypi-
`cally a one-line liquid crystal display for viewing
`the contents of that.memory. Memory typewriters
`can usually hold one page of text at a time, to
`which small modifications can be made. Memory
`typewriters usually do not retain the contents of
`memory when power is turned off.
`menu \men'y6\ n. A list of options from which
`a user can make a selection in order to perform a
`desired action, such as choosing a command or
`applying a particular format to patt of a document.
`Many application programs, especially those that
`offer a graphical interface, use menus as a means
`of providing the user with an easily learned, easy-
`to-use alternative to memorizing program com-
`mands.and their appropriate usage. See the illus-
`trationi
`
`Menu
`
`Apsetup
`Benelits
`Dibzps
`Dos
`Dsdk
`Elorm
`Erwmm
`Gmes
`Hardcore
`
`Manu6l ol Styl€
`
`t!o
`ntf,
`
`MST@b
`My
`ProEam Files
`Recycled
`Temp
`
`-olid8.lfl
`_ofidEo.lfx
`Boollog.plv
`Bootloq.tEt
`
`Comanddos
`
`Efom
`Erwmm
`6ames
`Hardcoro
`MS Manual
`Msdov
`rodownld.tmp
`MS0flice
`
`Menu
`
`menubar \men'y6 biir'\ z. A rectangular bar
`displayed in an application program's on-screen
`
`;-
`
`a
`tl.)!t
`
`

`

`Case 1:13-cv-00919-LPS Document 129-1 Filed 07/17/19 Page 11 of 13 PageID #: 4963
`drum
`
`down
`
`drilldown \dril doun'\ ub'To start at a top-level
`menu, directory, or Veb page and pass through
`several intermediate menus' directories' or linked
`pages, until the file, page, menu 11;manf' or
`tUi". it". being sought is reached Drilling down
`is common practice in searching for files or infor-
`mation on the Internet, where high-level Gopher
`;";"t and Vorld \{ride Veb pages are freqr'rently
`u"f g".t"tut and become more specific at each
`to*"iterret. See the illustration' See also Gopher'
`menu, tffeb Page.
`
`drive number \driv' num'bar\ n' The naming
`convention for Macintosh disk drives' For exam-
`ple, a two-clrive system calls its drives 0 and 1'
`driver \clri'var\ n. A. hatdware device or a pro-
`gram that controls or regulates another device' A
`f;n. Oriu"r, for example, toosts signals transmitted
`over a communications line A device driver is a
`clevice-specific control program that enables a
`computer to work with a particular device' such as
`u prirr,", or a disk drive' See also device drivet'
`DRb \D'R-O'\ n Acronym for destructive read-
`out. See destructive read'
`d.rop cap \drop kap'\ n' A latge capital letter at
`the beginning of a text block that occupies the ver-
`tical dJpth oit*o o, more lines of regular text' See
`
`My
`
`gh
`
`Ddol?d
`0NS.d
`E.itut d
`Em0Od
`
`KB AppLddE{.lr$
`SB A4t€dion Et.'i$
`5l$ appb.lFEd.lrs
`1rc Ad&&n Ei@n
`W AppLdbEddn
`{ru A*&6Edffi
`S HdPfb
`
`41re ADPa.dhEdd
`
`Ilrill doutn
`
`ddve \dnv\ n. Seedisk drive'
`ddve bay \driv'bd\ n ' A hollow, rectangular area
`in a computer chassis designed to hold a disk
`ati".. e irive bay always has side walls' usually
`made oi metal, that generally contain holes to
`facilitate installation of a disk drive Some drive
`bavs. such as those intended to hold hard disks'
`"." ".t visible to the user' Most drives are located
`on the front of the chassis so that the user can
`interact with the drive'
`drive letter \driv' let'ar\ a The naming conven-
`tion for disk drives on IBM and compatible com-
`puters. Drives are named by letter, beginning with
`A, followed bY a colon'
`drive mapptng \driv' map'Eng\ n The assign-
`ment of a letter or name to a disk drive so that the
`operating system or network server can identify
`lo."t" it. For example, in PCs' the primary
`".rd
`drive mappings are A: and B: for floppy disk drives
`and C' for the hard disk' See also A"' disk drive'
`hard disk.
`
`the illustration a ;:[,ffi;..
`
`!
`
`f-l
`ellte ln squ
`f'
`1
`utm oram
`nonummy nibh wisi
`tincidunt eusismond ut
`'laoreet dolore
`LnoPcaP.
`drop-dead halt \drop'ded h?ilt'\ n' See deadhzlt'
`dro^p-down menu \drop'doun men'y6\ n' A
`mJnu that drops from the menu bar when
`requested and remains open without further
`aciion until the user closes it or chooses a menu
`iten\. Corn7are Pull-down menu'
`O""f f" \drop in'\ ub. To tead a spurious signal
`j,.tri.rg a dita tead/wrtte operation' producing
`erroneous data.
`droplet \drop'lit\ n. l' An extension for Qt
`uark
`nxlress that allows files to be dragged orfo apage
`from the finder. 2. A feature from Frontier that
`allows scripts to be embedded within an applica'
`tion and run when the application is double-
`clicked. l. A general name for any AppleScript
`program that allows files to be dragged and
`iroip.a into it for processing' see also Apple-
`Script.
`dropout \droP out'\ ub' To lose
`,rrJ-"n,urily during a data read/wtite
`thus producing erroneous data'
`drum \drum\ z A rotating cylinder used
`some printers and plotters and (in the earty
`
`

`

`Case 1:13-cv-00919-LPS Document 129-1 Filed 07/17/19 Page 12 of 13 PageID #: 4964
`
`line
`
`in a directory. Such a fite is often used to store
`code or data critical to the operating system'
`htdden line \hid'en lin'\ rz ln any application'
`such as a CAD program, that represents solid
`three-dimensional obiects, a line in a drawing that
`would (or should) be hidden if the object were
`p*.a."a as a solid construction The process of
`remoui.tg such lines in an application is called hid-
`den-line remo vaL see also CAD' hidden surface'
`niiO"r. rrr.ft e \hid'an sur-fas\ n' A sutface of a
`solid three-dimensional object, sr-rch as one repre-
`sented in a CAD program, that would not be visi-
`ble when tl-re object is viewed from a particular
`I"gf"-fot example, the unclerside of the wing of
`atiarplane viewed from the rop' See also CAD'
`hidden line.
`hide \hid\ ub To defer the clisplay of an applica-
`tion's active window while leaving the application
`running. 'Windows that have been hidden are
`returnJ to active display by issuing the appropri-
`ate command to the operating system'
`hierarchical \hi'ar-ar;ki-kal, hir-ar'ke-kal\ adj'
`Of, relating to, or organized as a hlerarchy' See
`also hrerarchY'
`hlerarchical comPuter network \hi-ar-lir'ki-kal
`kam-py6'tar net'wark, hir-2ika-kal\ n',L' A net-
`*ork i.t which one host computer controls a num-
`ber of smaller computers' whicl-r may in turn act as
`not" ," a group of Pc wotkstations' 2' A network
`in which control functions are organized accord-
`ing to a hierarchy and in which data processing
`tasks may be distributed'
`hierarchical database \hi-ar-iiki-kal da'te-bas'
`hir-ar'k"-k"l\ n. A database in which records are
`grorrp"a in such a way that their relationships
`ior*" branching, treelike structure' This type of
`database strllcture' most commonly used with
`databases for large computers, is well suited for
`organizing information that breaks down logically
`inL successirrely greater levels of detail The orga-
`nization of records in a hierarchical database
`should reflect the most comfiron of the most time-
`critical ryPes of access exPected'
`hterarchical database management system
`\hi-ar-zir'ki-kal da'ta-bas man'ai-mant sistam' hir-
`ziika-kal\ n. A database management system that
`,lrppont a hierarchical model' Acronym: HDBMS
`(H1b-s'Ia-s) . See also hierarchical model'
`
`Hierarchical Data Format \hi-ar-ziiki-kel da'ra
`^^iu-rr,
`hir-iika-kal, dat'a\ n' A file format for
`storing multiple types of graphical and numerical
`data alndtransferring them between different types
`of machines