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`Case 2:19-cv-06301-AB-KS Document 77-6 Filed 06/26/20 Page 1 of 34 Page ID #:1917
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`EXHIBIT 5
`EXHIBIT 5
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`UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
`
`CENTRAL DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA
`
`WESTERN DIVISION
`
`Philips North America LLC,
`
`Plaintiff,
`
`V.
`
`Garmin International, Inc.
`and Garmin Ltd.,
`
`Defendants.
`
`Case No. 2:19-cv-06301-AB-KS
`
`EXPERT DISCLOSURE OF
`THOMAS L. MARTIN
`
`June 22nd, 2020
`
`Declaration of Thomas L. Martin
`CASE NO. 2:19-cv-06301-AB-KS
`
`

`

`Case 2:19-cv-06301-AB-KS Document 77-6 Filed 06/26/20 Page 3 of 34 Page ID #:1919
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`1.
`
`I have been retained as an expert witness on behalf of Philips North America
`
`LLC ("Philips") for this matter. In particular, I have been asked to provide expert
`
`opinions on testimony on technical matters and with regard to what one of ordinary skill
`
`in the art would understand with respect to certain patents at issue in this case. These
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`opinions are set forth below, and I may provide testimony in response to any expert testimony
`
`advanced by Garmin International, Inc. and/or Garmin Ltd. ( collectively "Garmin") as well.
`
`I.
`
`BACKGROUND AND QUALIFICATIONS
`
`2.
`
`I am a Professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
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`at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, more commonly known as
`
`"Virginia Tech" where I have been employed since 2001. I was previously an Assistant
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`Professor at the University of Alabama in Huntsville from 1999-2001. A current copy of
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`my curriculum vitae is attached as Exhibit 1.
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`3.
`
`As discussed in my curriculum vitae, I have more than 25 years of
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`experience in the area of wearable technologies, with a particular emphasis on activity
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`monitoring technology. In 1992, I began working on wearable computers for campus tour
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`guides using the Global Positioning System (GPS) and aircraft maintenance. Since that
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`time, I have conducted research on a wide variety of wearable computing topics and
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`applications, including electronic textiles, ambulatory medical monitoring of
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`physiological data such as heart rate, activity classification based upon measuring a
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`person's movements using sensors such as accelerometers and gyroscopes, and personal
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`protective equipment using GPS. I have also been affiliated with the International
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`1
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`Expert Disclosure of Thomas L. Martin
`CASE NO. 2:19-cv-06301-AB-KS
`
`

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`Case 2:19-cv-06301-AB-KS Document 77-6 Filed 06/26/20 Page 4 of 34 Page ID #:1920
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`Symposium on Wearable Computers since 1998, having served as general chair,
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`technical program co-chair (3 times), technical program committee member, and steering
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`committee member.
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`4. My education includes a Bachelor of Science degree in Electrical
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`Engineering in 1992 from the University of Cincinnati, a Master of Science degree in
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`Electrical and Computer Engineering in 1994 from Carnegie Mellon University, and a
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`Ph.D. in Electrical and Computer Engineering in 1999 from Carnegie Mellon University.
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`5. My research areas include wearable computing (including for health and
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`activity monitoring), pervasive computing, interdisciplinary design teams for smart
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`devices, and electronic textiles ( e-textiles ). I am the co-director of the Virginia Tech E(cid:173)
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`textiles Laboratory, which conducts research on hardware and software architectures for
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`e-textile applications, including both smart garments and large-scale fabrics such as home
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`furnishings. Since joining Virginia Tech, I have been the Principal Investigator or co(cid:173)
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`Principal Investigator on over $6.5M in external research funding. My current research is
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`focused on developing computational architectures and design tools for electronic textiles
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`that will allow domain experts to develop intelligent garments and home furnishings that
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`will work reliably across a range of populations, environments and applications. My goal
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`is to develop intelligent fabrics that look and feel like normal fabric, while providing
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`sensing and computing platforms that fit unobtrusively into a person's normal daily
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`routine. Reviews of my proposals stated that my research is "ground-breaking," "highly
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`innovative," "full of exciting potential," and "already showing a clear impact"; I was said
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`2
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`Expert Disclosure of Thomas L. Martin
`CASE NO. 2:19-cv-06301-AB-KS
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`

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`Case 2:19-cv-06301-AB-KS Document 77-6 Filed 06/26/20 Page 5 of 34 Page ID #:1921
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`to be "among a small group of pioneers" in electronic textiles. In 2006, I was one of 20
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`NSF researchers to receive the Presidential Early Career A ward for Scientists and
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`Engineers (PECASE) for my research on electronic textiles for wearable computing.
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`6.
`
`One of my ongoing research thrusts is electronic textile garments for
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`monitoring a person's motions using a variety of sensors attached to the clothing,
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`including accelerometers, gyroscopes, magnetometers, and bend sensors. Applications of
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`this research include sports medicine, treatment of motion-related injuries, physical
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`therapy for stroke victims, and monitoring patients' physiological responses during
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`normal daily routines. I have recently completed a National Science Foundation Smart
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`Health and Wellbeing grant to develop e-textile garments for ambulatory medical
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`monitoring. These garments simultaneously monitor both the patient's physiological
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`characteristics and movements, to annotate physiological data with information about the
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`patient's activities, which are classified based upon measuring the movements of the
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`patient's body segments (torso, arms, and legs) with wearable sensors. The goal is to
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`allow medical personnel to see the relationship of daily activities and physiological
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`response and to use the activities to determine when physiological data is collected,
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`providing a greater insight into the patient's state of health and the dynamics of their
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`wellbeing. I am currently working with colleagues at the University of Minnesota and
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`University of Delaware on a National Science Foundation grant to develop soft
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`exoskeletons for children with mobility impairments of their arms; my portion of the
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`work is to monitor the movements of the arms using stitched stretch sensors and inertial
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`3
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`Expert Disclosure of Thomas L. Martin
`CASE NO. 2:19-cv-06301-AB-KS
`
`

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`Case 2:19-cv-06301-AB-KS Document 77-6 Filed 06/26/20 Page 6 of 34 Page ID #:1922
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`measurement units (IMUs). In earlier grants from the National Science Foundation,
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`dating back to 2002, my colleagues and I investigated a number of medical applications
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`of e-textile garments, including gait analysis (the characteristics of a person's walking
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`movements) and simultaneous monitoring of a person's movements and physiological
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`data.
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`7.
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`In addition to medical applications, I investigated using the Global
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`Positioning System (GPS) in wearable technology for personal protective equipment in
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`industrial settings. My previous research in this area includes proof-of-concepts of a vest
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`that uses the Global Positioning System (GPS) to alert workers-on-foot at roadside
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`construction sites when there is an imminent risk of being struck by a passing car, as well
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`as a hard hat for construction workers that can alert them of dangerous blood levels of
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`carbon monoxide, the sensor for which senses an individual's blood composition to
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`provide a personalized warning.
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`8. My research projects have also often involved a wireless communications
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`component. For example, most of thee-textile prototypes created in my lab have
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`included a Bluetooth device to provide wireless communication off the garment to nearby
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`devices such as a laptop, e.g., for visualizing the data being collected by the garment.
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`9.
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`In addition to my funded research projects, I have supervised numerous
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`student design projects related to wearable technologies, including activity monitoring,
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`location tracking, and wireless communication since 2002, when I first offered my course
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`entitled "Wearable and Ubiquitous Computing" at Virginia Tech.
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`4
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`Expert Disclosure of Thomas L. Martin
`CASE NO. 2:19-cv-06301-AB-KS
`
`

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`Case 2:19-cv-06301-AB-KS Document 77-6 Filed 06/26/20 Page 7 of 34 Page ID #:1923
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`II.
`
`OPINIONS TO BE EXPRESSED AND THE BASES AND REASONS FOR
`THOSE OPINIONS
`
`10.
`
`In connection with formulating my opinions in this matter, I have reviewed the
`
`patents at issue in this matter, including U.S. Patent Nos. 6,013,007 (the '007 Patent), 7,088,233
`
`(the '233 Patent), 8,277,377 (the '377 Patent), 6,976,958 (the '958 Patent), 9,314,192 (the '192
`
`Patent), and 9,801,542 (the '542 Patent). However, I have focused my attention on the '007
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`Patent and the '233 Patent, as well as their specifications and prosecution histories, as those are
`
`the patents on which I am specifically offering opinions below. I have also reviewed certain
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`publicly available information, including materials cited herein. A comprehensive list of the
`
`materials considered in preparing this disclosure is attached as Exhibit 2.
`
`A.
`
`The Level of Ordinary Skill in the Art
`
`11.
`
`In my opinion, a person of ordinary skill in the art of the patented inventions of the
`
`'007, '233, '377, '958, '192, and '542 Patents as of the earliest claimed priority date on the face
`
`of each patent, is an individual with a.) at least a bachelor's degree in electrical engineering,
`
`computer engineering, or computer science and b.) some experience with activity and/or health
`
`monitoring technologies, or the equivalent thereof. For the '007 Patent a person of ordinary skill
`
`in the art would additionally have experience with GPS technologies. For the '233 Patent a
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`person of ordinary skill in the art would also have experience with security in the context of
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`wireless communications. For the '542 Patent a person of ordinary skill in the art would also
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`have experience with training and applying models. I would have been, and am, an individual
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`of at least ordinary skill in the art with respect to all of the patents at issue as of the earliest
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`priority dates listed on each patent.
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`12. As used above, the term "or the equivalent thereof' is intended to mean that the
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`required levels of experience may be met by varying means, such as through educational
`5
`Expert Disclosure of Thomas L. Martin
`CASE NO. 2:19-cv-06301-AB-KS
`
`

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`Case 2:19-cv-06301-AB-KS Document 77-6 Filed 06/26/20 Page 8 of 34 Page ID #:1924
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`experience - e.g., a person of ordinary skill could potentially have less industry experience but
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`some other relevant educational experience or vice versa.
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`B.
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`'007 Patent: Computing athletic performance feedback data from a series of
`time-stamped waypoints obtained by a GPS receiver is not indefinite.
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`13.
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`I understand that Philips contends that the term "means for computing athletic
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`performance feedback data from the series of time stamped waypoints obtained by said GPS
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`receiver" should be construed as "a processor ( and equivalents thereof) that determines any of
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`the following from a series of time-stamped waypoints obtained by said GPS receiver during an
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`exercise session: elapsed distance of an athlete; current or average speed of an athlete; current or
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`average pace of an athlete."
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`14.
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`I also understand that Garmin contends that the specification and claim
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`language fails to convey to a person of ordinary skill in the art a structure or an algorithm
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`sufficient to perform the function recited in this claim element.
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`15.
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`I further understand that, if the claim were interpreted as requiring an
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`algorithm more detailed than what is already recited in the claim language itself, such an
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`algorithm may be expressed in any understandable terms (including prose, a flow chart,
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`or formula) and that a disclosure need only be adequate to render the bounds of the claim
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`understandable to one of ordinary skill. I further understand that any supporting
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`algorithm need not be so particularized such that it would do away with implementation
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`choices that a skilled artisan may make.
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`16.
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`In my opinion, having read and understood the specification of the '007
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`Patent and claims 1 and 21, combined with my experience in the field as detailed above, a
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`person of ordinary skill in the art would understand the bounds of claims 1 and 21.
`6
`Expert Disclosure of Thomas L. Martin
`CASE NO. 2:19-cv-06301-AB-KS
`
`

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`

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`Case 2:19-cv-06301-AB-KS Document 77-6 Filed 06/26/20 Page 10 of 34 Page ID #:1926
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`20.
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`That those in high school understand the distance formula, and that a person
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`of ordinary skill in the art would understand it, is demonstrated by exemplary online
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`tutorials intended for students in high school and lower grades:
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`https://www.ck12.org/book/ck-12-middle-school-math-grade-8/section/7.5/ and
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`https :/ /www. ck 12. org/ geometry/ a ppli cati ans-of-the-distance-formula/lesson/Distance-
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`F ormula-in-the-Coordinate-P lane-GEOM/. Furthermore, a person of ordinary skill in the
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`art, who would have significantly more relevant training and knowledge with respect to
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`accomplishing mathematical calculations and some familiarity with calculations based on
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`GPS waypoints, would nevertheless understand that the simple distance formula would
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`be used to calculate distance as contemplated in the '007 Patent for the distances that an
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`athlete would reasonably be expected to cover.
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`21. By using the distance formula, a person of ordinary skill would take GPS
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`waypoints consisting of two pairs oflatitude and longitude values (lat1,lon1 and lat2,lon2,
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`respectively; typically in lat/long format in degrees). The latitude and longitude values
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`would first be converted from degrees to radians by multiplying each value by n/180°,
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`which again would be understood by someone with a high school knowledge of geometry
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`and trigonometry, as demonstrated by online tutorials intended for students in high
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`school: https://www.ckl2.org/trigonometry/conversion-between-degrees-and-
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`radians/lesson/ Angles-in-Radians-and-Degrees-PCALC/ and
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`https://www.purplemath.com/modules/radians.htm. Approximating the shape of the Earth
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`as a sphere with radius R, and with the latitude/longitude pairs represented in radians,
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`8
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`Expert Disclosure of Thomas L. Martin
`CASE NO. 2:19-cv-06301-AB-KS
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`

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`Case 2:19-cv-06301-AB-KS Document 77-6 Filed 06/26/20 Page 11 of 34 Page ID #:1927
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`then the distance between these two GPS waypoints could be calculated by treating the
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`earth's surface as a plane and using the distance formula above, with (xrx1)= Rx(lonr
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`lon1)xcos((lat1+lat2)/2) and (Yr Yi)= Rx(latrlat1). The units of the resulting distance
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`would be based upon the units that were used for the Earth's radius, e.g., 6371 kilometers
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`or 3958.8 miles. Examples abound demonstrating how one of ordinary skill would have
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`applied this high-school level math to calculate distance from a series of GPS waypoints,
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`including: https ://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Geographical distance#Flat-surface fonnulae,
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`https:/ /www.movable-type.co. uk/scripts/latlong.html, and
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`http://www.faqs.org/faqs/geography/infosystems-fag/ at Q5.1. I note that the
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`infosystems-faq page states that question Q5.1 is from a post on the Internet newsgroup
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`comp.infosystems.gis in October 1996, which demonstrates how common this knowledge
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`would be to a person of ordinary skill in the art when the '007 Patent was filed. While
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`there may be more complicated methods for measuring distance over the surface of the
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`earth over long distances ( e.g. a ship navigating across the ocean), where a planar
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`approach might introduce more error than desired, the approach more than suffices for
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`the very short distances one would be tracking between a series of GPS waypoints while
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`performing some form of athletic activity. It is also the approach that a person of
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`ordinary skill would understand from the disclosure of the specification.
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`22. A person of ordinary skill would also understand how to apply simple math
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`to determine average and current speeds and paces from a series of time-stamped
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`9
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`Expert Disclosure of Thomas L. Martin
`CASE NO. 2: 19-cv-06301-AB-KS
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`

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`Case 2:19-cv-06301-AB-KS Document 77-6 Filed 06/26/20 Page 12 of 34 Page ID #:1928
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`waypoints. Once distance is calculated, speed is simply the measure of distance over
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`time, which is grade school level math:
`distance
`d
`spee =
`time
`23. That those in grade school would understand how to calculate speed, and
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`that therefore a person of ordinary skill would surely understand the same, as
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`demonstrated by the following online tutorials intended for middle school audiences:
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`http ://www.ckl2.org/c/physics/ peed/lesson/Speed-MS-PS/ and
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`bttps://flexbooks.ckl2.org/cbook/ck-12-middle-school-physical-science-flexbook-
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`2.0/section/9.4/primaiy/1esson/speed-ms-ps.
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`24. Meanwhile, athletic pace ( e.g. "running a 10 minute mile") is simply the
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`inverse of speed and would be calculated by dividing time by distance-which is also a
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`straightforward and commonly understood application of simply math that a person of
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`ordinary skill would also understand.
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`25.
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`For speed and pace, a person of ordinary skill would understand that a
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`current speed or pace could be determined for a particular point in time, or that an
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`average could be determined by averaging across prior measurements. Determining an
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`average ( also known as the "arithmetic mean") is also a simple mathematical concept
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`known to those in grade school, let alone a person of ordinary skill in the art, which
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`involves taking the values of a set and dividing by the number of values in said set. That
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`this would be known to those in grade school is demonstrated by the following online
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`10
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`Expert Disclosure of Thomas L. Martin
`CASE NO. 2:19-cv-06301-AB-KS
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`

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`Case 2:19-cv-06301-AB-KS Document 77-6 Filed 06/26/20 Page 13 of 34 Page ID #:1929
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`tutorials intended for grade school audiences: https://www.mathsisfun.com/mean.html
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`and https:/ /www.ckl2.org/book/ck-12-probability-and-statistics-concepts/section/5 .1/
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`26. Accordingly, it is my opinion that claim 1 of the '007 Patent is not
`
`indefinite.
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`C.
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`'233 Patent: "governing information transmitted between the first personal
`device and the second device."
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`27.
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`I understand that Philips contends that the term "governing information
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`transmitted between the first personal device and the second device" should be construed as
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`"controlling the transmission of information between the first personal device and the second
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`device."
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`28. The '233 Patent describes a communication system and method for a
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`personal device. A key aspect of this communication system is security, particularly in
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`view of the fact that the patent contemplates that the system of claim 1 would be used in
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`medical settings. To that end, the patent explains how it provides a system with
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`"multiple levels of prioritization, authentication of a person (task, step, process or order),
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`and confirmation via interrogation of person, device, or related monitor." (See '233
`
`Patent at Abstract) ( emphasis added).
`
`29. Of particular note is the embodiment of Figure 5 of the patent, which
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`describes a personal device associated with a victim V. (See '233 Patent at 11 :49-53) In
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`the situation described in Figure 5, the personal device of victim V may be in short-range
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`wireless communication with a second device of a bystander B, via, for example
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`11
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`Expert Disclosure of Thomas L. Martin
`CASE NO. 2:19-cv-06301-AB-KS
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`Case 2:19-cv-06301-AB-KS Document 77-6 Filed 06/26/20 Page 14 of 34 Page ID #:1930
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`communicate with other aspects of the network ( e.g. a dispatcher or responding
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`personnel) via the second device of bystander B in order to facilitate medical assistance
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`in some form to victim V. (See '233 Patent at Fig. 5 and 12:1-37.) Important in this
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`embodiment is the idea that "the ability of various entities spread around a network to
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`receive and/or transmit to and control the personal device 100 requires some measure of
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`security." ('233 Patent at 13:27-30.) To that end, the patent goes on to describe how
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`"Only authorized agents should be allowed access to device
`100. For example, in the example shown in FIG. 5, only
`responding personnel RP ( such as trained paramedics) who are
`on the scene of the event may be allowed to send a command to
`the personal device 100 causing the personal device 100 to
`dispense medication to the victim. Certainly, the bystander B
`should not be allowed this level of access, even though the
`bystander B's personal wireless device 600 may be acting as an
`intermediary in communication from the personal device 100 to
`the dispatcher D."
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`('233 Patent at 13:30-41.)
`30.
`This disclosure demonstrates that, beyond the communications protocols
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`that might be utilized to implement a short-range wireless communication scheme
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`between the first personal device of victim V and a second device of bystander B ( or a
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`second device of responding personnel RP once on site), an additional level of security
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`is required that controls the transmission of information between the devices.
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`31. This additional level of security, one that specifically controls the
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`transmission of information, is reflected in the last element of claim 1:
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`A bi-directional wireless communication system comprising:
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`(a) a first personal device, the first personal device
`12
`Expert Disclosure of Thomas L. Martin
`CASE NO. 2:19-cv-06301-AB-KS
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`Case 2:19-cv-06301-AB-KS Document 77-6 Filed 06/26/20 Page 15 of 34 Page ID #:1931
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`further comprising:
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`(i) a processor;
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`(ii) a memory;
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`(iii) a power supply;
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`(iv) at least one detector input; and
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`(v) a short-range bi-directional wireless
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`communications module;
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`(b) a second device communicating with the first device,
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`the second device having a short-range bi-directional wireless
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`communications module compatible with the short-range bi(cid:173)
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`directional wireless communications module of the first device;
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`and
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`( c) a security mechanism governing information
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`transmitted between the first personal device and the
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`second device. ( emphasis added)
`32. The claim specifically requires that information transmitted between the first
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`personal device and the second device be governed in a fashion consistent with the
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`description in the specification-i.e. that the transmission of information between the
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`first personal device and the second device be controlled in some manner.
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`33.
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`I understand that Garmin has taken the position that "governing information
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`transmitted between the first personal device and the second device" can be accomplished
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`by any of the abstract forms of "security" described in the patent, including encryption.
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`(See '233 Patent at 13:13:41-14:10.) I disagree, as many of the forms of"security"
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`identified in the specification do not govern or control the transmission of information
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`from one device to another as contemplated, for example, in the embodiment of Figure 5.
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`13
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`Expert Disclosure of Thomas L. Martin
`CASE NO. 2:19-cv-06301-AB-KS
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`

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`Case 2:19-cv-06301-AB-KS Document 77-6 Filed 06/26/20 Page 16 of 34 Page ID #:1932
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`For example, encryption is a technique that may protect information, but it does not
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`govern or control its transmission. Encryption would not control the transmission of
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`information from the personal device of victim V to bystander B. Meanwhile, an
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`implementation of authentication is a form of security that can indeed govern or control
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`transmission of information from the first personal device from victim V to a second
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`device of either bystander B or responding personnel RP as contemplated in the
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`embodiment of Fig. 5, since transmission to the unauthenticated bystander B could be
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`disallowed while transmission to authenticated responding personnel RP would be
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`enabled. Important in such an authentication scheme is the fact that the authentication
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`scheme is not limited simply to establishing a short-range wireless communication link
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`between the first device and a second device ( such as what would be provided by
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`BLUETOOTH). Rather, such an authentication scheme would sit on top of any protocol(cid:173)
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`level schemes, and would actually control the transmission of information from one
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`device to another. That is to say that a determination would need to be made as to
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`whether a transmission is allowed, regardless of what protocol underlying
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`communications may utilize. This further accomplishes the goal of the patent to provide
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`multiple levels of security/authentication/confirmation for such sensitive applications
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`involving medical data.
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`34. Accordingly, in my opinion the construction proposed by Philips is
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`consistent with what a person of ordinary skill would understand the term "governing
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`information transmitted between the first personal device and the second device" to mean
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`14
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`Expert Disclosure of Thomas L. Martin
`CASE NO. 2:19-cv-06301-AB-KS
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`Case 2:19-cv-06301-AB-KS Document 77-6 Filed 06/26/20 Page 17 of 34 Page ID #:1933
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`in light of the context of the specification, while avoiding any attempts to conflate the
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`term with a broader understanding of "security" that is inconsistent with the specification
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`and the nature of how the claimed system would function.
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`35. Additionally, I note that my understanding of the term is also consistent with
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`dictionary definitions of the term. Collins English Dictionary equates the term as
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`"govern" with "control," as does Merriam Webster's online dictionary. (See Collins
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`English Dictionary definition of govern ("to control or determine"); Merriam Webster
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`definition of govern ("to control, direct, or strongly influence the actions and conduct
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`of').)
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`III. RESERVATION
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`36.
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`I expressly reserve the right to modify or supplement this report based upon any
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`additional information produced or presented to me in this litigation and/or based upon any
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`rulings by the Court.
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`3 7.
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`I further reserve the right to respond to any facts, opinions, or arguments presented
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`by any expert witness retained by Garmin in this matter.
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`IV. COMPENSATION AND ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
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`38.
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`I have been retained by Philips and am being compensated for the time that I
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`spend on this matter at my regular consulting rate of $400 per hour. My compensation is not
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`contingent upon the outcome of this litigation.
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`39.
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`I have not testified as an expert at trial during the past four years. I have testified
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`as an expert at deposition in the past four years in the following matters: Philips North America,
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`LLC v. Fitbit, Inc., Case No. 1:19-cv-11586-IT (D. Mass).
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`15
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`CASE NO. 2:19-cv-06301-AB-KS
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`Case 2:19-cv-06301-AB-KS Document 77-6 Filed 06/26/20 Page 19 of 34 Page ID #:1935
`Case 2:19-cv-06301-AB-KS Document 77-6 Filed 06/26/20 Page 19 of 34 Page ID #:1935
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`EXHIBIT A
`EXHIBIT A
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`

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`Case 2:19-cv-06301-AB-KS Document 77-6 Filed 06/26/20 Page 20 of 34 Page ID #:1936
`
`Thomas L. Martin
`hr.tp://www.faculrv.ece.vt.ec.lu/tlmanin/
`
`Education:
`8/1992-8/1999 Carnegie Mellon University
`Carnegie Institute of Technology, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
`M.S. in Electrical and Computer Engineering, December 1994.
`Ph.D. in Electrical and Computer Engineering, August 1999.
`Advisor: Dr. Daniel P. Siewiorek
`Ph.D. dissertation title: Balancing Batteries, Pe1.formance, and Power: System Issues in CPU
`Speed-Setting for Mobile Computing
`
`GP A: 4.0/4.0
`
`GPA: 3.9/4.0
`
`9/1987-6/1992 University of Cincinnati
`College of Engineering, Cincinnati, Ohio
`B. S. in Electrical Enginee1ing, with optional minor in VLSI Systems Engineering, June 1992.
`Employment:
`Deputy Executive Director, Virginia Tech Institute for Creativity, Arts, and Technology
`2019-present
`Courtesy faculty appointment, Department of Engineering Education, Virginia Tech
`2018-present
`Associate Director, Virginia Tech Institute for Creativity, Arts, and Technology
`2015-2019
`Professor, Department of Electrical and Computer Enginee1ing, Virginia Tech.
`2013-present
`Senior Fellow, Virginia Tech Institute for Creativity, Arts, and Technology
`2013-2015
`Courtesy faculty appointment, Department of Computer Science, Virginia Tech
`2013-present
`Courtesy faculty appointment, School of Architecture+ Design, Virginia Tech.
`2012-present
`Associate Professor, Department ofElect1ical and Computer Enginee1ing, Virginia Tech.
`2006-2013
`Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech.
`2001-2006
`Assistant Professor, Department ofElect1ical and Computer Engineering, The University of
`1999-2001
`Alabama in Huntsville.
`
`Honors/Awards:
`Virginia Tech:
`• Virginia Tech Alumni Teaching Award, 2017.
`• Virginia Tech College of Engineering Pete White Award for Innovation in Engineering Education, 2014.
`• Virginia Tech XCaliber Award (team), 2014. This university award is for using technology in education;
`Professor Paola Zellner-Bassett and I were selected for collaborating in her Textile Space course.
`• Best Paper Award for 2012, IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering, August 2013.
`• First place (tie), Charles W. Steger Design Competition, May 2012, for an interactive architectural textile
`concept developed with Professor Paola Zellner-Bassett from the VT architecture program.
`• Virginia Tech XCaliber Award (team), 2012. This university award is for using technology in education; the
`award was given to the faculty team from the interdisciplinary design course.
`• Virginia Tech Diggs Teaching Scholar, February 2011. This award is a university teaching award for my work
`on an undergraduate interdisciplinary design course; I was one of two faculty selected in 2011.
`• Selected for the National Academy of Engineering Frontiers of Engineering Education symposium to present
`our findings from the interdisciplinary design course, November 2011.
`• A student team from my interdisciplinary product design course won the medical category of the Virginia Tech
`Entrepreneur Club's VT $SK executive summary competition, December 2010.
`• National Science Foundation Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers (PECASE), 2006.
`• College of Engineering Dean's Award for Excellence in Teaching Innovation, Ap1il 2004.
`• College