Case 2:19-cv-06301-AB-KS Document 77-3 Filed 06/26/20 Page 1 of 27 Page ID #:1848
`Case 2:19-cv-06301-AB-KS Document 77-3 Filed 06/26/20 Page 1 of 27 Page ID #:1848
`
`EXHIBIT 2
`
`

`

`Case 2:19-cv-06301-AB-KS Document 77-3 Filed 06/26/20 Page 2 of 27 Page ID #:1849
`Case 2:19-CV-06301-AB-KS Document 77-STMMIMHWMIWIIHNWMMIIWIII184Q
`
`USOO697695882
`
`(12) United States Patent
`US 6,976,958 B2
`(10) Patent No.:
`(45) Date of Patent:
`Dec. 20, 2005
`Quy
`
`(54) METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR HEALTH
`AND DISEASE MANAGEMENT COMBINING
`PATIENT DATA MONITORING WITH
`WIRELESS INTERNET CONNECTIVITY
`
`(75)
`
`Inventor: Roger J. Quy, Mill Valley, CA (US)
`
`(73) Assignce: Q-ch Systems LIE, Wilmington, DE
`(US)
`
`( * ) Notice:
`
`Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this
`patent is extended or adjusted under 35
`U.S.C. 154(1)) by 75 days.
`
`Appl. No.:
`Filed:
`
`10/773,501
`
`Feb. 6, 2004
`Prior Publication Data
`
`US 2004-0162466 Al Aug. 19, 2004
`
`Related US. Application Data
`
`(63) Continuation-impart of application No. 10/418,845, filed on
`Apr. 18, 2003, which is a continuation of application No.
`09/738,270, filed on Dec. 15, 2000, now Pat. No. 6,602,191.
`
`(51)
`(53)
`
`(58)
`
`(56)
`
`Int. CL" .............................. A618 5/00; IlO4N 7/06
`U.S. Cl.
`600/301; 340539.12; 128/903;
`128/904; 725/116
`Field of Search ................................. 600/300, 301,
`600/345, 365, 481, 483, 485, 509, 529;
`607/27, 60, 30—32; 128/903—905, 920;
`348/1401; 725/116, 131; 705/2
`
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`Primary Examiner—Willis R. Wolfe, Jr.
`(74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm—Mark l). Wieczorek
`(57)
`ABSTRACT
`
`Embodiments of the invention provide a method and appa—
`ratus for a wireless health monitoring system for interac-
`tively monitoring a disease or health condition of a patient
`by connecting an internet-enabled wireless web device
`(“WWD") to a digital camera or other health monitoring
`device. The WWD may accommodate a memory device for
`enhanced storage capabilities that may be particularly per-
`tinent
`to data-intensive tasks such as the handling and
`storage of images or other visual data. The health related
`data is transmitted from the WWI) to a server using standard
`internet protocols and may be integrated with various oper-
`ating systems for handheld or wireless devices, especially
`those with enhanced capabilities for handing images and
`visual data.
`
`(Continued)
`
`17 Claims, 12 Drawing Sheets
`
`
`
`
`
`7t
`
`I ”K,
`
`:4§
`
`

`

`Case 2:19-cv-06301-AB-KS Document 77-3 Filed 06/26/20 Page 3 of 27 Page ID #:1850
`Case 2:19-cv-06301-AB-KS Document 77-3 Filed 06/26/20 Page 3 of 27 Page ID #:1850
`
`US 6,976,958 B2
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`;
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`5,626,144 A
`5,678,562 A
`5,701,904 A
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`
`

`

`Case 2:19-cv-06301-AB-KS Document 77-3 Filed 06/26/20 Page 4 of 27 Page ID #:1851
`Case 2:19-cv-06301-AB-KS Document 77-3 Filed 06/26/20 Page 4 of 27 Page ID #:1851
`
`US 6,976,958 BZ
`Page 3
`
`"FDA Approves Medtronic CarelinkTM Monitor and Soft-
`ware, Opening a New Chapter in Patient Management Using
`Internet 'l‘echnology”, Medtronic News Release dated Jan. 2,
`2001
`“The MedStar System, How the MedStar System Works”
`brochure published by Cybernet Medical.
`
`“iMetrikus Mobile Solutions” brochure by iMetrikus, Inc.
`..
`’
`n
`‘
`‘
`.
`Instromcdix—Products
`91113115th at
`‘VWW-mS‘mmCdlx-
`com/pages/produclslproductsasp. 7 Pages.
`
`* cited by examiner
`
`

`

`Case 2:19-cv-06301-AB-KS Document 77-3 Filed 06/26/20 Page 5 of 27 Page ID #:1852
`Case 2:19-cv-06301-AB-KS Document 77-3 Filed 06/26/20 Page 5 of 27 Page ID #:1852
`
`US. Patent
`
`Dec. 20, 2005
`
`Sheet 1 0f 12
`
`US 6,976,958 B2
`
`.-_-________________.____________
`
`MTERNET
`
` WIRED
`
`
`
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`N
`.UIIIII‘I,
`
`
`
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`
`FIG.1
`
`
`
`

`

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`Case 2:19-cv-06301-AB-KS Document 77-3 Filed 06/26/20 Page 6 of 27 Page ID #:1853
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`3e.n.6an.‘ommm
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`

`

`Case 2:19-cv-06301-AB-KS Document 77-3 Filed 06/26/20 Page 7 of 27 Page ID #:1854
`Case 2:19-cv-06301-AB-KS Document 77-3 Filed 06/26/20 Page 7 of 27 Page ID #:1854
`
`US. Patent
`
`Dec. 20, 2005
`
`Sheet 3 of 12
`
`US 6,976,958 B2
`
`
`
`FIG.3
`
`
`
`

`

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`Case 2:19-cv-06301-AB-KS Document 77-3 Filed 06/26/20 Page 8 of 27 Page ID #:1855558.1_
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`Case 2:19-cv-06301-AB-KS Document 77-3 Filed 06/26/20 Page 9 of 27 Page ID #:1856
`Case 2:19-cv-06301-AB-KS Document 77-3 Filed 06/26/20 Page 9 of 27 Page ID #:1856
`
`US. Patent
`
`Dec. 20, 2005
`
`Sheet 5 0f 12
`
`US 6,976,958 B2
`
`
`
`

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`Case 2:19-cv-06301-AB-KS Document 77-3 Filed 06/26/20 Page 10 of 27 Page ID #:18577500
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`Case 2:19-cv-06301-AB-KS Document 77-3 Filed 06/26/20 Page 11 of 27 Page ID #:1858
`Case 2:19-cv-06301-AB-KS Document 77
`3 Filed 06/26/20 Page 11 of 27 Page ID #:1858
`
`US. Patent
`
`Dec. 20, 2005
`
`Sheet 7 of 12
`
`US 6,976,958 B2
`
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`Case 2:19-cv-06301-AB-KS Document 77-3 Filed 06/26/20 Page 12 of 27 Page ID #:1859
`Case 2:19-cv-06301-AB-KS Document 77
`3 Filed 06/26/20 Page 12 of 27 Page ID #:1859
`
`US. Patent
`
`Dec. 20, 2005
`
`Sheet 8 of 12
`
`US 6,976,958 B2
`
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`
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`

`

`Case 2:19-cv-06301-AB-KS Document 77-3 Filed 06/26/20 Page 13 of 27 Page ID #:1860
`Case 2:19-cv-06301—AB-KS Document 77-3 Filed 06/26/20 Page 13 of 27 Page ID #:1860
`
`US. Patent
`
`Dec. 20,2005
`
`Sheet 9 0f 12
`
`US 6,976,958 B2
`
`FK3.9
`
`244
`
` 224
`
`46
`
`

`

`Case 2:19-cv-06301-AB-KS Document 77-3 Filed 06/26/20 Page 14 of 27 Page ID #:1861
`Case 2:19-cv-06301—AB-KS Document 77-3 Filed 06/26/20 Page 14 of 27 Page ID #:1861
`
`US. Patent
`
`Dec. 20, 2005
`
`Sheet 10 0f 12
`
`US 6,976,958 B2
`
`FIG. 10
`
`
`
`

`

`Case 2:19-cv-06301-AB-KS Document 77-3 Filed 06/26/20 Page 15 of 27 Page ID #:1862
`Case 2:19-cv-06301—AB-KS Document 77-3 Filed 06/26/20 Page 15 of 27 Page ID #:1862
`
`US. Patent
`
`Dec. 20, 2005
`
`Sheet 11 0f 12
`
`US 6,976,958 B2
`
`
`PATIENT
`
`
`PRESENTS WITH
`MALADY 202
`
`
`MEDICAL
`
`
`PERSONNEL
`ARRIVE ON SCENE
`
`
`AND WWD IS
`ENGAGED 204
`
`
`FIG. 1 1
`
`PERSONNEL
`TAKES
`ACTION 206
`
`VISUAL DATA
`CAPTURED OF
`PATIENT AND/OR
`STORED ON
`MEMORY DEVICE
`208
`
`PATIENT 210 HMD DATA CAPTURED
`
`HMD IS ATTACHED TO
`
`
`
`
`
`
`OF PATIENT AND/OR
`
`
`NETWORK
`
`STORED ON MEMORY
`
`AVAILABLE
`
`
`DEVICE 212
`
`
`? 220
`
`
`
`WAIT FOR
`
`
`VISUAL DATA,
`
`
`OPTIONALLY
`DROPOUT?
`AVAILABLE
`
`
`TRANSFORMED. IS
`218
`NETWORK
`
`
`
`SENT WIRELESSLY TO
`INTERNET FOR REVIEW
`
`BY PHYSICIAN, WHO
`ADVISES PERSONNEL
`
`
`OF NEEDED ACTIONS
`STORE DATA 0
`
`
`214
`MEMORY DEVICE IF
`
`NOT ALREADY
`
`STORED 216
`
`
`
`
`

`

`Case 2:19-cv-06301-AB-KS Document 77-3 Filed 06/26/20 Page 16 of 27 Page ID #:1863
`Case 2:19-cv-06301-AB-KS Document 77-3 Filed 06/26/20 Page 16 of 27 Page ID #:1863
`
`US. Patent
`
`Dec. 20, 2005
`
`Sheet 12 of 12
`
`US 6,976,958 B2
`
`FIG. 12
`
`
`
`INSERT MEMORY
`
`DEVICE IN WWD
`
`
`
`FROM MEMORY
`
`
` DOWNLOAD
`
`DOWNLOAD VISUAL
`
`APPLICATION
`DATA FROM MEMORY
`
`
`
`DEVICE AND DISPLAY
`
`
`
`
`
`DEVICE INTO
`
`ON WWD 274
`
`WWD 272
`
`

`

`Case 2:19-cv-06301-AB-KS Document 77-3 Filed 06/26/20 Page 17 of 27 Page ID #:1864
`Case 2:19-cv-06301-AB-KS Document 77-3 Filed 06/26/20 Page 17 of 27 Page ID #:1864
`
`US 6,976,958 B2
`
`1
`METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR HEALTH
`AND DISEASE MANAGEMENT COMBINING
`PATIENT DATA MONITORING WITH
`WIRELESS INTERNET CONNECTIVITY
`
`CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED
`APPLICATIONS
`
`This application is a continuation-in-part of US. patent
`application Ser. No. 10/418,845, filed Apr. 18, 2003, which
`is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09;"738,
`270, filed Dec. 15, 2000, now US. Pat. No. 6,602,191.
`
`10
`
`REFERENCE TO GOVERNMENTAL SUPPORT
`
`(none)
`
`REFERENCE TO MICROFICHE APPENDIX
`
`(none)
`
`FIELD OF THE INVENTION
`
`invention relates to monitoring of living
`The present
`subjects, and more particularly to health-monitoring of
`persons where measured or input health data is communi-
`cated by a wireless device to and from a software application
`running on an internet-connected server and where the same
`may be studied and processed by the software application, a
`health professional, or the subject.
`
`BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
`
`Several attempts have been made in the past to achieve
`elficient
`interactive communication of medical or health
`
`information between a subject or patient and a reviewer or
`provider of that information. In particular, communication
`of consumer physiological information has been a subject of
`such attempts. It is noted that in this regard the “reviewer or
`provider of medical or health information” is understood to
`include not only a physician but also a software application
`or algorithm that may analyze the information.
`Medical or health information has been made available on
`a CD-ROM accessible by a home computer system. This
`passive approach had certain disadvantages. First, although
`the personal computer is prevalent is the United States, it is
`generally too expensive for a consumer physiological moni-
`toring system and there are many people who find it too
`complicated to set up and use for that purpose. High-risk,
`chronically ill patients, responsible for more than half of
`health care costs in the United States and forming the fastest
`growing segment of those requiring health care, are indeed
`the most likely not to be able to afl'ord or use a system built
`around a personal computer. In addition, such systems are
`limited in their interactivity to the information stored on the
`CD.
`
`Previous patents by the Inventor addressed both of these
`disadvantages, as well as the need to reduce health care costs
`through providing educational health care information and
`interactive physiological monitoring in the home environ—
`ment by means of a user-friendly, interactive system (see,
`e.g., US. Pat. Nos. 5,601,435, 6,144,837, and eontinuations
`thereof).
`These previous patents were based on a video game
`console, or a multimedia player using a conventional tele-
`vision screen as the display device to achieve a system
`which is simpler to use than systems based on a personal
`computer. An initial embodiment of the previous patents
`utilized a compact disc to provide interactive information for
`disease management.
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`Even with the advantages provided, these systems limited
`the user to location in which the device was located. Even
`
`where devices are portable, as in the case of a laptop
`computer with a modem, an ordinary POTS phone line must
`be found and used. Where the user’s computer employs a
`broadband connection, such as [)8]. or satellite, the choices
`of location are even more limited.
`
`Attempts have been made to remedy this deficiency. For
`example, many telemetry systems allow a “wireless" dis-
`tance to be placed between a health measuring unit and a
`remote monitoring system. However, such systems are lim-
`ited in their range.
`Other systems have used cellular telephone technology to
`increase the wireless health monitoring range. However,
`these systems have several deficiencies, such as requiring
`significant modification of the mobile phone. For example,
`US. Pat. No. 5,772,586, issued Jun. 30, 1998 to IIeinonon
`et al., discloses a method for monitoring the health of a
`patient. This system uses a specialized connection between
`the patient health measuring unit and the cellular phone,
`however. The patient health measuring unit is located in the
`battery space of the mobile phone and is connected to a
`communication bus of the mobile phone. Other systems
`have been proposed, but these suffer from similar deficien-
`cies in that they are not designed to be used with “off-the-
`shelf" wireless devices or health measuring equipment.
`The deployment of the above systems also currently lacks
`employment of full back-end server functionality with
`which to provide a wide range of interactive communication
`with the patient. Instead, such systems, if intemet-enabled,
`are often limited to mere one-way non-interactive data
`transfer via a modem. While some systems are more
`enhanced, including that disclosed in US. Pat. No. 5,357,
`427, issued Oct. 18, 1994 to Langen, et al., and entitled
`“Remote Monitoring of High-Risk Patients using Artificial
`Intelligence”, these systems are limited by the wired tele-
`communications infrastructure.
`
`SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
`
`Embodiments of the present invention overcome one or
`more of the disadvantages of the prior art by providing a
`full-feature health-monitoring system that may \virelessly
`connect to a back-end server application via the internet. The
`invention allows wireless access to and from a wide variety
`of present medical or health-related instruments and devices,
`while maintaining the capability of connecting to future such
`devices.
`
`In particular, the invention may be embodied in several
`systems. Two complementary such systems are described
`herein, although extensions to other such systems can be
`envisioned. First, an embodiment of the invention may be
`employed to manage the disease state or condition of a
`patient. In this embodiment, the patient may employ a health
`monitoring device (“HMD”), in particular a medical device,
`and a wireless connection to provided data from the medical
`device for processing via the internet including a review by
`a physician or other health care professional if required.
`In the second embodiment, a health or lifestyle manage-
`ment plan may be implemented. Various health parameters,
`such as those relating to nutrition or exercise, may be
`entered into a health monitoring device,
`in this instance
`termed an “exercise machine”, and the same may be wireless
`communicated to a server. An application may process and
`store the health parameters, and a health specialist may
`optionally review the same.
`Wireless internet connectivity has many advantages. For
`example, in the first embodiment, a diabetic could connect
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`US 6,976,958 B2
`
`3
`a blood glucose meter to an internet-enabled wireless web
`device ("WWD”) away from home and download data to a
`Diabetes Management Company’s sewer and, in response,
`receive guidance displayed on the screen (or by voice) about
`choices for the next meal.
`
`Alternatively, in the second embodiment, a person inter-
`ested in tracking an exercise program may take the WD to
`the local health club and attach the same to an exercise
`machine, send data output from various exercise machines
`over the Internet, and receive a personalized response from
`the server of a company specializing in Health & Lifestyle
`Management. The individual may input caloric content of
`foods eaten, and may further input caloric content of exer—
`cise performed. In this way, e.g., a person in a weight-loss
`program may see in great detail whether they are expending
`more calories in the form of exercise than the same indi-
`
`vidual is consuming in the form of food.
`In general, in the health management embodiment, the
`system may be employed to monitor the physiologic status
`of a healthy subject while eating, exercising, or performing
`other activities. For clarity, such devices are termed herein
`"exercise machines”. These may include an electronic body
`weight scale, a body fat gauge, biofeedback devices, phys-
`iotherapy or chiropractic equipment, blood pressure
`recorders, or the like, or any type of exercise machine or
`monitor, including a heart rate monitor, treadmill, rowing
`machine, stepper, or the like.
`In more detail, the present invention provides a method
`and system for assisting patients to manage a disease or
`maintain healthy lifestyle by collecting health-related data
`and providing information in response to those data by
`means of a WWD designed to display interactive informa—
`tion through a connection to the Internet. The present
`invention may be connected to various HMDs, both medical
`and exercise-related in nature, and may communicate infor-
`mation via a wireless connection such as a wireless Internet
`connection.
`
`A major advantage of embodiments of the invention is
`that the same frees the patient from the constraints of wired
`systems. The same allows users with consumer “off-the-
`shelf" wireless devices to significantly extend the range of
`connectivity over that of wired computer, television, or even
`wireless telemetry systems.
`In a first embodiment of the present invention, the WD
`is a web-enabled mobile phone. Here it is noted that the term
`"web” or “internet” are used interchangeably to refer to the
`internet in general. In a second embodiment, the WWD is a
`palm, handheld, or laptop computer, or a PDA, equipped
`with a wireless modem. In a third embodiment, the WD
`may be a hybrid device that combines the functions of a
`computer, PDA and telephone.
`the output
`An adaptor is used if necessary to convert
`signal of the medical monitoring device to a suitable input
`signal for the, e.g., WWD. The adaptor allows connection of
`the WWD to a medical device, exercise machine or other
`variety of health care equipment, and the connection may be
`made via several techniques. As for wired techniques, a
`standard USB, USBZ, Firewire, parallel bus or serial cable
`may be used if the input/output ports between the HMD and
`the WD are appropriate. Otherwise, a suitable separate
`adaptor may be employed.
`The connection may also be an input such as a disk drive
`or other media input for input of data, a USB port or phone
`jack or other such wired input, again employing an adaptor
`if required.
`As for wireless techniques, infrared (IR), microwaves,
`radio frequency (RF), e.g., Bluetooth® or 802.11 protocols,
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`techniques including lasers, and other such tech-
`optical
`niques may be used. The patient or subject may also input
`data manually, such as by a stylus, keypad, synchronization
`from a PC, or by various other techniques discussed below.
`A major advantage of the invention is that by use of an
`optional adaptor, the system is compatible with current and
`prior HMDs as well as maintaining a capability of adapting
`to future such systems.
`Other advantages of the invention may include one or
`more of the following. An embodiment of the invention may
`be used when a patient is traveling or otherwise away from
`their “wired” means of communication. The invention
`allows wireless health-monitoring to the level of accuracy
`previously achieved only by desktop so-called “wirec "
`computer systems. The invention is protocol-independent.
`The interaction between a WWD and a back-end server
`
`may provide a major additional advantage in certain
`embodiments of the invention. In particular, the relatively
`small amount of memory currently provided on a WWD as
`compared to a back-end server severely limits the function-
`ality of applications running on the WD, especially in
`terms of computing capacity, processing power, and user
`interface. By providing significant application functionality
`on the back-end, less memory and processing capabilities
`become necessary on the WD (i.e., on the "front-end").
`Thus, memory may be used in the WD for an enhanced
`user interface or for other purposes, according to the user
`requirements.
`In a method according to an embodiment of the invention,
`the patient connects to a specific Internet site and a software
`program, resident on a remote server located on the Internet,
`downloads an interactive user interface for that patient and
`an application for the measurement of the physiological
`data. The software may also be downloaded to the WWD
`from a personal computer via a synchronization operation in
`known fashion. The software provides a personalized dis-
`play for the user and configures the WWD to control and
`monitor devices connected via a generic input/output port to
`the WD. The software may be designed to suit
`the
`constraints of the small display screens of WWDs. The
`software, as well as inputs from the patient or other inputs,
`can control the manner, content, and display of information
`presented to the patient, and measured or input data can be
`stored for review by a health care provider or by a software
`algorithm or application. The algorithm may be of varying
`complexity, from a simple program that merely acknowl-
`edges receipt of information to an artificial
`intelligence
`algorithm, such as an expert system, collaborative filtering
`system, rules based system, case-based reasoning system, or
`other such artificial intelligence application.
`Further information may be provided to or from the
`patient, including information entered manually. The patient
`may input this information via a personal computer, which
`then may download the input information to the WWD via
`a synchronization operation using standard protocols, such
`as those for Palm PDA devices.
`
`The user may also input supplemental information via a
`PC connected independent to the server via the internet.
`Such supplemental
`information may include data that
`is
`diflicult or inconvenient to input on the WWD. In this way,
`the patient may be afi‘orded a more convenient environment
`in which to manipulate data to supplement the data input to
`the WWI). The deployment of voice processing technology
`may be used to enable an even more convenient user
`interface: i.e., one to which patients can talk.
`In all of these respects, the portable aspect of the WD
`is important: to wit, the user may conveniently carry the
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`US 6,976,958 B2
`
`5
`WD on their person wherever they may go, allowing data
`entry at the time needed.
`Other aspects, features, and advantages will be apparent
`from the summary above, as well as from the description
`that follows, including the figures and the claims.
`
`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
`
`HG. 1 illustrates a general embodiment of a wireless
`health-monitoring system according to the present inven-
`tion;
`FIG. 2 illustrates an embodiment of a wireless health—
`
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`invention,
`monitoring apparatus according to the present
`showing the system of FIG. 1 up to a point of a wireless
`antenna;
`FIG. 3 illustrates an embodiment of a back end of a
`health-monitoring system according to the present inven-
`tion;
`FIG. 4 illustrates a data flow diagram according to an
`embodiment of the present invention;
`FIG. 5 illustrates an embodiment of a method of use for
`
`a wireless application and a sewer application according to
`the present invention, in which the same is implemented for
`disease and patient management;
`FIG. 6 illustrates an embodiment of a method of use for
`a wireless application and a server application according to
`the present invention, in which the same is implemented for
`health management;
`FIG. 7 illustrates an embodiment of a wired connection
`
`between a HMD and a WWD, also showing an optional
`adaptor; and
`FIG. 8 illustrates an embodiment of a wireless connection
`between a HMD and a WWD, also showing an optional
`adaptor.
`FIG. 9 illustrates an embodiment of a wireless system for
`transmitting visual data to and from a user.
`FIG. 10 illustrates an alternative embodiment of a wire-
`
`less system for transmitting visual data to and from a user.
`FIG. 11 illustrates an embodiment of a method for using
`a wireless system to transmit visual data to and from a user.
`FIG. 12 illustrates an embodiment of a method for using
`a memory device to load an application program onto a
`wireless system.
`
`DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE
`PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
`
`Various acronyms are used for clarity herein. Definitions
`are given below.
`The term “HMD" may encompass not only devices with
`physiologic sensors but also devices with a keypad,
`keyboard, mouse, pointer, pressure sensor, or other such
`inputs that the patient or user may employ to perform data
`entry of the desired parameters. In general, HMDs include
`some means for determining a health parameter.
`In a disease management embodiment, an HMD may be
`a blood glucose monitor, a blood pressure monitor, an
`ambulatory ECG recorder, a respiratory monitor, a tempera-
`ture or heart rate monitor, and so on.
`In a healthy lifestyle management embodiment, an HMD
`may be an exercise machine, including treadmills, rowers,
`steppers, exercise cycles, or other aerobic or anaerobic
`exercisers, or a monitor, include monitors for temperature,
`heart rate, blood pressure, amount of work or rate of work
`performed, etc.
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`The term “subject” as used herein primarily indicates a
`human subject. The same may be a medical patient under
`physician care, a person interested in maintaining health via
`accurate recording of nutrition and exercise, and so on. The
`term “user” is generally used to refer to the user of the
`device, which may be synonymous with the subject or may
`alternatively be a caregiver of the subject, etc. The term
`"patient" is used. in addition to a person under the care of a
`physician, to also refer to a "normal” or healthy individual
`who is interested in maintaining a healthy physiologic
`balance.
`
`The term “signal communication" is used to mean any
`type of connection between components where the connec-
`tion is, e.g., electromagnetic, and where the connection
`allows information to be passed from one component to
`another. This term may be used in a similar fashion as
`“coupled”, “connected“, “information communication”,
`“data communication", etc. The following are examples of
`signal communication schemes. As for wired techniques, a
`standard bus or serial cable may be used if the input/output
`ports are compatible and an optional adaptor may be
`employed if they are not. As for wireless techniques, IR,
`microwaves, RF, e.g., Bluetooth® or 8021 l protocols, opti-
`cal techniques including lasers, and other such techniques
`may be used. The patient or subject may even input data
`manually, such as by a stylus or keypad or by various other
`tech