throbber
Case 1:18-cv-00202-IMK Document 1-3 Filed 10/30/18 Page 1 of 241 PageID #: 498
`Case 1:18-cv-00202-IMK Document 1-3 Filed 10/30/18 Page 1 of 241 PageID #: 498
`
`EXHIBIT C
`EXHIBIT C
`
`

`

`Case 1:18-cv-00202-IMK Document 1-3 Filed 10/30/18 Page 2 of 241 PageID #: 499
`
`I 11111 11111111 III 11111 11111#1111121111111 1111111011 11111111 1111
`
`(12) United States Patent (cid:9)
`Baker et al. (cid:9)
`
`(10) Patent No.: (cid:9)
`(45) Date of Patent: (cid:9)
`
`US 9,566,290 B2
`*Feb. 14, 2017
`
`This patent is subject to a terminal dis-
`claimer.
`
`(56) (cid:9)
`
`(54) BORON-CONTAINING SMALL MOLECULES (cid:9)
`
`(71) Applicant: Anacor Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Palo
`Alto, CA (US)
`
`(72) Inventors: Stephen J. Baker, Collegeville, PA
`(US); Tsutomu Akama, Sunnyvale, CA
`(US); Vincent S. Hernandez,
`Watsonville, CA (US); Karin M. Hold,
`Belmont, CA (US); Kirk Maples, San
`Jose. CA (US); Jacob J. Plattner,
`Berkeley, CA (US); Virginia Sanders,
`San Francisco, CA (US); Yong-Kang
`Zhang, San Jose, CA (US); Gregory T.
`Fieldson. Morgantown, WV (US);
`James J. Leyden, Malvern, CA (US)
`
`(73) Assignee: Anacor Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Palo
`Alto, CA (US)
`
`( * ) Notice: (cid:9)
`
`Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this
`patent is extended or adjusted under 35
`U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days.
`
`Appl. No.: 15/134,286
`
`Filed: (cid:9)
`
`Apr. 20, 2016
`
`(65) (cid:9)
`
`Prior Publication Data
`
`US 2016/0228463 Al (cid:9)
`
`Aug. 11, 2016
`
`Related U.S. Application Data
`
`(60) Continuation of application No. 15/091,394, filed on
`Apr. 5, 2016, which is a continuation of application
`No. 15/068,352, filed on Mar. 11, 2016, which is a
`continuation of application No. 15/046.322, filed on
`Feb. 17, 2016, which is a continuation of application
`No. 14/537,771, filed on Nov. 10, 2014, now
`abandoned, which is a continuation of application No.
`14/201,459, filed on Mar. 7, 2014, now Pat. No.
`9,353,133, which is a continuation of application No.
`13/356,488, filed on Jan. 23, 2012, now Pat. No.
`8,722,917, which is a continuation of application No.
`12/629,753, filed on Dec. 2, 2009, now Pat. No.
`8,115,026, which is a division of application No.
`11/505,591, filed on Aug. 16, 2006, now Pat. No.
`7,767,657, and a continuation-in-part of application
`No. 11/357,687, filed on Feb. 16, 2006, now Pat. No.
`7,582,621, said application No. 14/537,771 is a
`continuation-in-part of application No. 13/874,329,
`filed on Apr. 30, 2013, now Pat. No. 8,889,656, which
`is a continuation of application No. 13/224.252, filed
`on Sep. 1, 2011, now Pat. No. 8,440,642, which is a
`continuation of application No. 12/507,010, filed on
`Jul. 21, 2009, now Pat. No. 8,039,451, which is a
`
`(60) Provisional application No. 60/755,227, filed on Dec.
`30, 2005, provisional application No. 60/746,361,
`filed on May 3, 2006, provisional application No.
`(Continued)
`
`(51)
`
`Int. Cl.
`461K 31/69
`CO7F 5/02
`CO7F 5/04
`CO7H 19/06
`CO7H 19/16
`CO7H 21/00
`CO7H 23/00
`A61K 31/70
`461K 31/7076
`A61K 9/00
`461K 47/10
`A61K 9/08
`(52) U.S. Cl.
`CPC (cid:9)
`
`(2006.01)
`(2006.01)
`(2006.01)
`(2006.01)
`(2006.01)
`(2006.01)
`(2006.01)
`(2006.01)
`(2006.01)
`(2006.01)
`(2006.01)
`(2006.01)
`
` A6IK 31/69 (2013.01); 461K 9/0012
`(2013.01); 461K 9/08 (2013.01); 461K31/70
`(2013.01); 461K 31/7076 (2013.01); 461K
`47/10 (2013.01); CO7F 5/025 (2013.01); CO7F
`5/04 (2013.01); CO7H 19/06 (2013.01); CO7H
`19/16 (2013.01); C0711 21/00 (2013.01);
`CO7H 23/00 (2013.01)
`Field of Classification Search
` 514/64
`USPC (cid:9)
`See application file for complete search history.
`References Cited
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
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`2,741,548 A
`
`10/1941 Prescott et (cid:9) al.
`4/1956 Darling et al.
`(Continued)
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`EP
`EP
`
`1/2000
`0969531 (cid:9)
`8/2000
`0765331 B1 (cid:9)
`(Continued)
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`
`U.S. Appl. No. 13/861,846, filed Apr. 12, 2013, now abandoned.
`U.S. Appl. No. 13/673,860, filed Nov. 9, 2012, now abandoned.
`U.S. Appl. No. 13/607,321, filed Sep. 7, 2012, now abandoned.
`U.S. Appl. No. 13/607,405, filed Sep. 7, 2012, now abandoned.
`U.S. Appl. No. 13/607,250, filed Sep. 7,2012, now abandoned.
`U.S. Appl. No. 15/091,394, filed Apr. 5, 2016.
`U.S. Appl. No. 15/068,352, filed Mar. 11, 2016.
`U.S. Appl. No. 15/046,322, filed Feb. 17, 2016.
`U.S. Appl. No. 14/977,052, filed Dec. 21, 2015.
`U.S. Appl. No. 14/537,771, filed Nov. 10. 2014.
`U.S. Appl. No. 14/537,694, filed Nov. 10, 2014, now abandoned.
`U.S. App!. No. 14/165,428, filed Mar. 7, 2014, now abandoned.
`U.S. App!. No. 14/688,581, filed Apr. 16, 2015.
`(Continued)
`Primary Examiner - Rei-Tsang Shiao
`(74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm - Morgan, Lewis &
`Bockius LLP
`
`ABSTRACT
`This invention relates to compounds useful for treating
`fungal infections, more specifically topical treatment of
`onychomycosis and/or cutaneous fungal infections. This
`invention is directed to compounds that are active against
`fungi and have properties that allow the compound, when
`placed in contact with a patient, to reach the particular part
`of the skin, nail, hair, claw or hoof infected by the fungus.
`In particular the present compounds have physiochemical
`properties that facilitate penetration of the nail plate.
`12 Claims, 63 Drawing Sheets
`
`(cid:9)
`(cid:9)
`(cid:9)
`(cid:9)
`(cid:9)
`(cid:9)
`(cid:9)
`(cid:9)
`(cid:9)
`(cid:9)
`(cid:9)
`(cid:9)
`(cid:9)
`(cid:9)
`(cid:9)
`(cid:9)
`(cid:9)
`(cid:9)
`

`

`Case 1:18-cv-00202-IMK Document 1-3 Filed 10/30/18 Page 3 of 241 PageID #: 500
`
`US 9,566,290 B2
`Page 2
`
`Related U.S. Application Data (cid:9)
`
`continuation of application No. 11/357,687, filed on (cid:9)
`Feb. 16, 2006, now Pat. No. 7,582,621.60/654,060, (cid:9)
`filed on Feb. 16, 2005, provisional application No. (cid:9)
`60/654,060, filed on Feb. 16, 2005. (cid:9)
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`

`Case 1:18-cv-00202-IMK Document 1-3 Filed 10/30/18 Page 4 of 241 PageID #: 501
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`Deposition of Stephen B. Kahl, Ph.D., vol. 1, Case No. IPR2015-
`01776 U.S. Pat. No. 7.582,621, Case No. IPR2015-01780 U.S. Pat.
`No. 7,767,657, Case No. IPR2015-01785 U.S. Pat. No. 7,767,567,
`Apr. 7 and 8, 2016, 583 pages, Jun. 6, 2016 [Exhibit 2033].
`Declaration of Paul J. Reider, Ph.D. in Support of Patent Owner
`Response, 96 pages, IPR2015-01776, Jun. 6. 2016 [Exhibit 2034].
`Declaration of Mahrnoud A. Ghannoum, Ph.D. E.M.B.A., in Sup-
`port of Patent Owner Response, Pursuant to 37 C.F.R. § 42.120, 85
`pages, IPR2015-01776, Jun. 6,2016 [Exhibit 2035].
`Declaration of Majella Lane, Ph.D., in Support of Patent Owner
`Response, Pursuant to 37 C.F.R. § 42.120, 28 pages, IPR2015-
`01776, Jun. 6, 2016 [Exhibit 2036].
`Declaration of Howard I. Maibach, Ph.D., in Support of Patent
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`IPR2015-01776, Jun. 6. 2016 [Exhibit 20371.
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`Diagnostic Aid for Toenail Disease, Part I. Establishing Discrimi-
`nating Historical and Clinical Features, Brit. J. Dermatol., vol. 150,
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`2038].
`
`Kerr= & Elewslci, A U.S. Epidemiologic Survey of Superficial
`Fungal Diseases, J. Am. Acad. of Dermatol., vol. 35, No. 4, pp.
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`Shivaktunar, Repka, & Murthy, Transungual Drug Delivery: an
`Update. J. Drug Del. Sci. Tech., vol. 24, No. 3, pp. 301-310 (2014)
`(Ex. 3 from Murthy Deposition), IPR2015-01776, Jun. 6, 2016
`[Exhibit 2040].
`Topical Nail Products and Lingual Drug Delivery (S. Narasimha
`Murthy & Howard I. Maibach eds., 2013) (Ex. 4 from Murthy
`Deposition), 300 pages, IPR2015-01776, Jun. 6, 2016 [Exhibit
`2041].
`Koo et al., Synthesis and Comparative Toxicology of a Series of
`Polyhedral Borane Anion-Substituted Tetraphenyl Porphyrins,
`J.Med. Chem., vol. 50, pp. 820-827 (2007), IPR2015-01776, Jun. 6,
`2016 [Exhibit 2042].
`Office of Toxic Substances, Environmental Protection Agency,
`"Preliminary Investigation of Effects on the Environment of Boron,
`Indium, Nickel, Selenium, Vanadium and Their Compounds," EPA-
`56/2-75-005A (Aug. 1975) available at http://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/
`ZyPDF.cgi/9101277V.PDF?Dockey=9101277V.PDF, 118 pages,
`IPR2015-01776, Jun. 6, 2016 [Exhibit 20431.
`Van Proosdij-Hartzema, Boriumverbindingen: Verleden, Heden en
`Toekomst, Ned. T. Geneesk., vol. 110, No. 51, pp. 2260-2269
`(1966) with certified English translation, IPR2015-01776, Jun. 6,
`2016 [Exhibit 2044].
`Elewski et al., Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability of Topical
`Terbinafine Nail Solution in Patients with Mild-to-Moderate Toenail
`Onychomycosis: Results from Three Randomized Studies using
`Double-Blind Vehicle-Controlled and Open-Label Active-Con-
`trolled Designs, J. Eur. Acad. Derm. & Vener., vol. 27, No. 3, pp.
`287-294 (2013), IPR2015-01776, Jun. 6, 2016 [Exhibit 2045].
`Cecil Textbook of Medicine, (J. Claude Bennett & Fred Plum ed.,
`1996), 6 pages, IPR2015-01776, Jun. 6, 2016 [Exhibit 2046].
`Hay et al., Fungal (onychomycosis) and other Infections Involving
`the Nail Apparatus in Baran and Dawber's Diseases of the Nails and
`their Management, (R. Baran et al., eds., 2001), 51 pages, IPR2015-
`01776, Jun. 6, 2016 [Exhibit 2047].
`EPA Correspondence, 1992 Labeling Rev., Amended I3iobor Label
`available at https://wvAv3.epa.gov/pesticides/chem_search/ppls/
`0652 l7-00001-19920403.pdf, 5 pages, IPR2015-01776, Jun. 6,
`2016 [Exhibit 2048].
`Ghannoum et al., A Large-Scale North American Study of Fungal
`Isolates From Nails: The Frequency of Onychomycosis, Fungal
`Distribution, and Antifungal Susceptibility Patterns, J. Am. Acad.
`Dermatol., vol. 43, No. 4, pp. 641-648 (2000), 1PR2015-01776, Jun.
`6, 2016 [Exhibit 2049].
`Segal et al., Treatment of Candida Nail Infection with Terbinafine,
`J. Am. Acad. Dermatol., vol. 35, No. 6, pp. 958-961 (1996),
`IPR2015-01776, Jun. 6, 2016 [Exhibit 2050].
`Rock et al., Antifungal Agent Inhibits an Aminoacyl-tRNA
`Synthetase by Trapping tRNA in the Editing Site, Science, vol. 316,
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`Soloway et al., Penetration of Brain and Brain Tumor by Aromatic
`Compounds as a Function of Molecular Substituents. J.
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`Baran et al., Onychomycosis: The Current Approach to Diagnosis
`and Therapy, Martin Dunitz Publishers, London, U.K. (1999),
`IPR2015-01776, Jun. 6, 2016 [Exhibit 2053].
`Gupchup & Zatz, Structural Characteristics and Permeability Prop-
`erties of the Human Nail: A Review, 50 J. Cosmet. Sci. 363, 363-85
`(Nov./Dec. 1999), IPR2015-01776, Jun. 6, 2016 [Exhibit 2054].
`Elkeeb et al., Tranungual Drug Delivery: Current Status, 384
`Internat. J. Pharm. 1-8 (2010), IPR2015-01776, Jun. 6, 2016
`[Exhibit 2055].
`
`

`

`Case 1:18-cv-00202-IMK Document 1-3 Filed 10/30/18 Page 5 of 241 PageID #: 502
`
`US 9,566,290 B2
`Page 4
`
`(56) (cid:9)
`
`References Cited
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`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
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`the Identification of Genes Expressed by Trichophyton rubrum
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`Onychomycosis, Drug Des. Devel. Ther., vol. 5, No. 9, pp. 6185-
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`cacy, Safety, and Mechanisms of Action, Sernin. Cutan. Med. Surg.,
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`Treatment of Derrnatophyte Toenail Onychomycosis in Patients
`with Diabetes Mellitus, J. Euro. Acad. Dermatol. & Venerol., vol.
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`2073].
`FDA Approved Label for Sporanox® (Supplement 034, Action Date
`Jul. 14, 2004) available at http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/
`drugsatfda_docs/appletter/2004/200 83s034,0351trpcif (letter) and
`
`http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/labe1/2004/20083s
`034,035Ibl.pdf (label), IPR2015-01776, Jun. 6, 2016 [Exhibit
`2074].
`FDA Approved Label for Lamisil® (Supplement 012, Action Date
`Jan. 21, 2004) available at http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/
`drugsatfda_docs/appletter/2004/205 39s1r0121tr.pdf (letter) and
`http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/labe1/2004/
`20539s1r012_1arnisil_lbl.pclf (label), IPR2015-01776, Jun. 6,2016
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`FDA Approved Label for Gris-PEG® (Supplement 046, Action
`Date Mar. 26, 2003) available at http://wvo.v.accessdata.fda.gov/
`drugsatfda_docs/appletter/2003/504 75s1r0461trpdf (letter) and
`http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/labe1/2003/
`50475s1 x046_gris-peg_lbl.pdf (label), IPR2015-01776, Jun. 6,
`2016 [Exhibit 2076].
`FDA Approved Label for Penlac®, (Supplement 004, Action Date
`Dec. 3, 2004) available at http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/
`drugsatfda_docs/appletter/2004/210 22s0041tr.pdf (letter) and
`http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/labe1/2004/21022s
`004Ibl.pdf (label), IPR2015-01776, Jun. 6, 2016 [Exhibit 2077].
`Naglik et al., Candida albicans Secreted Aspartyl Proteinases in
`Virulence and Pathogenesis, Microbio. & Molecular Bio. Revs., vol.
`67, No. 3, pp. 400-428 (2003), IPR2015-01776, Jun. 6, 2016
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`Hattori et al., Keratinolytic Proteinase Produced by Candida
`albicans, Sabouraudia: J. Med. Vet. Mycology, vol. 22, No. 3, pp.
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`Weary & Canby, Absence of Keratinolytic Activity in Three Strains
`of Candida albicans, J. Invest. Derm., vol. 46, No. 5, pp. 464-734
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`Nenoff et al., Mycology-An Update. Part 1: Dennatomycoses:
`Causative Agents, Epidemiology and Pathogenesis, J. Dtsch. Derm.
`Ges., vol. 12, No. 3, pp. 188-210 (2014) (including English online
`version on Wiley Online Library), IPR2015-01776, Jun. 6, 2016
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`Bands et al., Mechanisms of Fungal Resistance, Drugs, vol. 62(7),
`pp. 1025-1040(2002), IPR2015-01776, Jun. 6,2016 [Exhibit 2082].
`CLSI, Reference Method for Broth Dilution Antifungal Suscepti-
`bility Testing of Filamentous Fungi; Approved Standard-Second
`Edition, CLSI document M38-A2 (2008). IPR2015-01776, Jun. 6,
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`Ghannotun et at., Intra- and Interlaboratory Study for Testing the
`Antifungal Susceptibilities of Dermatophytes, J. Clin. Microbiol.,
`vol. 42, No. 7, pp. 2977-2979 (2004), IPR2015-01776, Jun. 6,2016
`[Exhibit 2084].
`Norris et al., Optimal Growth Conditions for the Determination of
`the Antifungal Susceptibility of Three Species of Dermatophytes
`with the Use of a Microdilution Method, J. Am. Acad. Lknnatol.,
`vol. 40, No. 6, pp. S9-S13, (1999), 1P122015-01776, Jun. 6, 2016
`[Exhibit 2085].
`Jessup et al., Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of Dermatophytes:
`Establishing a Medium for Inducing Conidial Growth and Evalua-
`tion of Susceptibility of Clinical Isolates, J. Clin. Microbiol., vol.
`38, No. 1, pp. 341-344 (2000), IPR2015-01776, Jun. 6, 2016
`[Exhibit 2086].
`Kokjohn et al., Evaluation of in vitro Activity of Ciclopirox
`Olamine, Butenafine HC1 and Econazole Nitrate Against
`Dermatophytes, Yeasts and Bacteria, Int'l J. Dermatol., vol. 42,
`suppl. 1, pp. 11-17 (2003), IPR2015-01776, Jun. 6, 2016 [Exhibit
`2087].
`NCCLS (now CLSI), Reference Method for Broth Dilution
`Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of Yeasts; Approved Standard-
`Second Edition, NCCLS document M27-A2 (2002), IPR2015-
`01776, Jun. 6, 2016 [Exhibit 2088].
`Mukheijee et al., Combination Treatment of Invasive Fungal Infec-
`tions, Clin. Microbiol. Rev., vol. 18, No. 1, pp. 163-194 (2005),
`IPR2015-01776. Jun. 6, 2016 [Exhibit 2089].
`Ghantioum & Rice, Antifungal Agents: Mode of Action, Mecha-
`nisms of Resistance, and Correlation of These Mechanisms with
`Bacterial Resistance, Clin. Microbiol. Rev., vol. 12, No. 4, pp.
`501-517 (1999), IPR2015-01776, Jun. 6, 2016 [Exhibit 2090].
`
`

`

`Case 1:18-cv-00202-IMK Document 1-3 Filed 10/30/18 Page 6 of 241 PageID #: 503
`
`US 9,566,290 B2
`Page 5
`
`(56) (cid:9)
`
`References Cited
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`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
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`Terbinafine and their Management, J. Am. Acad. Dennatol.. vol. 41,
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`2091].
`Gupta & Lyons, The Rise and Fall of Oral Ketoconazole, J.
`Cutaneous Med. & Surgery, vol. 19, No. 4, pp. 352-357 (2015),
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`Gull & Trinci, Griseofulvin Inhibits Fungal Mitosis, Nature, vol.
`244, pp. 292-294 (1973), IPR2015-01776, Jun. 6, 2016 [Exhibit
`2093].
`Ku et al., Mutation of a Major Keratin Phosphorylation Site
`Predisposes to Hepatotoxic Injury in Transgenic Mice, J. Cell Biol.,
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`Onychomycosis, J. Am. Podiatr. Med. Ass'n, vol. 87, No. 12, pp.
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`Resistant Candida Isolates: in-vitro Efficacy Compared with that of
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`Agent, Clin. Infect. Dis., vol. 36. No. 5. pp. 630-637 (2003),
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`Agents in the Treatment of Fungal Nail Disease: a Proven Reality,
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`Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Guidance for Industry:
`Clinical Development and Labeling of Anti-Infective Drug Products
`(1992) available at http://www.fda.gov/downloads/Drugs/
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`Antifungal Activity Compared to Three Acid-Based Devices Indi-
`cated for the Treatment of Onychomycosis An In Vitro Nail Pen-
`etration Assay, Derm. & Therapy, vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 69-75 (2016),
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`Fluconazole and Voriconazole against Candida krusei, Antimicrob.
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`krusei, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., vol. 42, No. 10, pp. 2645-
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`Topical Antimycotics Launched in 1990s in Japan, Int'l J.
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`Jun. 6, 2016 [Exhibit 2105].
`Ghannoum et al., Terbinafine HCI Nail Solution With and Without
`Nail Penetration Enhancer: Evaluation of Minimum Inhibitory
`Concentration and Minimum Fungicidal Concentrations, (abstract)
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`IPR2015-01776, Jun. 6, 2016 [Exhibit 2106].
`Ghannoum et al., Determination of the Efficacy of Terbinafine
`Hydrochloride Nail Solution in the Topical Treatment of
`Dermatophytosis in a Guinea Pig Model, Mycoses, vol. 52, No. 1,
`pp. 35-43 (2009), IPR2015-01776, Jun. 6, 2016 [Exhibit 2107].
`Rex et al., Antifungal Susceptibility Testing, Clin. Microbio. Revs.,
`vol. 6, No. 4, pp. 367-381 (1993), IPR2015-01776, Jun. 6, 2016
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`
`EPA Correspondence, 1997 Labeling Rev., Amended Biobor Label
`available at www3.epa.gov/pesticides/chena_search/ppls/065217-
`00000 I-19970327.pdf, IPR2015-01776, Jun. 6, 2016 [Exhibit
`2109].
`Ferrari et al., Occurrence of Hetemtrophic Bacteria and Fungi in an
`Aviation Fuel Handling System and its Relationship with Fuel
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`Jun. 6,2016 [Exhibit 21111.
`Crane & Sanders, Evaluation of a Biocidal Turbine-Fuel Additive,
`Aviation Medical Report-AM 67-21, pp. 1-10 (Federal Aviation
`Administration, Office of Aviation Medicine 1967) available at
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`Onychomycosis, Expert Opin. Investig. Drugs, vol. 16, No. 2, pp.
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`Mechanism, and Structure, John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY (5th
`ed.. 2001), IPR2015-01776, Jun. 6, 2016 [Exhibit 2114].
`Batsanov, Van der Weals Radii o

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