Case 6:21-cv-01101-ADA Document 34-1 Filed 06/09/22 Page 1 of 92
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`Exhibit 1
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`

`

`Case 6:21-cv-01101-ADA Document 34-1 Filed 06/09/22 Page 2 of 92
`
`IN THE UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
`
`
`Finkenzeller
`In re Patent of:
`8,174,360 Attorney Docket No.: 39843-0130IP1
`U.S. Patent No.:
`May 8, 2012
`
`Issue Date:
`Appl. Serial No.: 10/565,732
`
`PCT Filing Date:
`July 29, 2004
`
`Title:
`COMMUNICATION APPARATUS FOR SETTING UP A DATA
`CONNECTION BETWEEN INTELLIGENT DEVICES
`
`
`Mail Stop Patent Board
`Patent Trial and Appeal Board
`U.S. Patent and Trademark Office
`P.O. Box 1450
`Alexandria, VA 22313-1450
`
`
`PETITION FOR INTER PARTES REVIEW OF UNITED STATES PATENT
`NO. 8,174,360 PURSUANT TO 35 U.S.C. §§ 311–319, 37 C.F.R. § 42
`
`
`
`
`
`

`

`Case 6:21-cv-01101-ADA Document 34-1 Filed 06/09/22 Page 3 of 92
`Attorney Docket No. 39843-0130IP1
`IPR of U.S. Patent No. 8,174,360
`
`
`
`TABLE OF CONTENTS
`
`I. 
`
`II. 
`
`REQUIREMENTS FOR IPR .......................................................................... 1 
`A.  Grounds for Standing ................................................................................ 1 
`B.  Challenge and Relief Requested ............................................................... 1 
`SUMMARY OF THE ’360 PATENT ............................................................. 2 
`A.  Brief Description ....................................................................................... 2 
`B.  Prosecution History ................................................................................... 4 
`III.  LEVEL OF ORDINARY SKILL .................................................................... 5 
`IV.  CLAIM CONSTRUCTION ............................................................................ 5 
`V.  DETAILED EXPLANATION OF GROUNDS .............................................. 6 
`A.  GROUND 1: Naruse in view of Nishikawa renders obvious claim 1 ...... 6 
`1.  Overview of Naruse ......................................................................... 6 
`2.  Overview of Nishikawa ................................................................... 9 
`3. 
`The Predictable Naruse-Nishikawa Combination ........................... 9 
`4.  Application of the Naruse-Nishikawa combination to Claim 1 .... 12 
`B.  GROUND 2: Naruse in view of Nishikawa and Cole renders obvious
`claims 2-7 and 17 .................................................................................... 18 
`1.  Overview of Cole .......................................................................... 18 
`2. 
`The Predictable Naruse-Nishikawa-Cole Combination ................ 23 
`3.  Application of the Naruse-Nishikawa-Cole combination to Claims
`2-7 and 16-17 ................................................................................. 29 
`C.  GROUND 3: Naruse in view of Nishikawa and Rodenbeck renders
`obvious claims 8-9 .................................................................................. 42 
`1.  Overview of Rodenbeck ................................................................ 42 
`2. 
`The Predictable Naruse-Nishikawa-Rodenbeck Combination ..... 47 
`3.  Application of the Naruse-Nishikawa-Rodenbeck combination to
`claims 8-9 ...................................................................................... 49 
`D.  GROUND 4: Naruse in view of Nishikawa, Rodenbeck, and Plonsky
`renders obvious claims 10-12 ................................................................. 53 
`1.  Overview of Plonsky ..................................................................... 53 
`2. 
`The Predictable Naruse-Nishikawa-Rodenbeck-Plonsky
`Combination .................................................................................. 57 
`3.  Application of the Naruse-Nishikawa-Rodenbeck-Plonsky
`combination to claims 10-12 ......................................................... 60 
`
`i
`
`

`

`Case 6:21-cv-01101-ADA Document 34-1 Filed 06/09/22 Page 4 of 92
`Attorney Docket No. 39843-0130IP1
`IPR of U.S. Patent No. 8,174,360
`E.  GROUND 5: Naruse in view of Nishikawa and Clark renders obvious
`claims 13-14 ............................................................................................ 65 
`1.  Overview of Clark ......................................................................... 65 
`2. 
`The Predictable Naruse-Nishikawa-Clark Combination ............... 68 
`3.  Application of the Naruse-Nishikawa-Clark combination to claims
`13-14 .............................................................................................. 71 
`F.  GROUND 6: Naruse anticipates claim 15 .............................................. 74 
`G.  GROUND 7: Naruse in view of Cole renders obvious claim 16 ........... 75 
`VI.  DISCRETIONARY DENIAL IS NEITHER APPROPRIATE NOR
`EQUITABLE ................................................................................................. 76 
`VII.  CONCLUSION .............................................................................................. 80 
`VIII.  FEES .............................................................................................................. 80 
`IX.  MANDATORY NOTICES UNDER 37 C.F.R § 42.8(a)(1) ......................... 80 
`A.  Real Party-In-Interest Under 37 C.F.R. § 42.8(b)(1) .............................. 80 
`B.  Related Matters Under 37 C.F.R. § 42.8(b)(2) ....................................... 80 
`C.  Lead And Back-Up Counsel Under 37 C.F.R. § 42.8(b)(3) ................... 80 
`D.  Service Information ................................................................................ 81 
`
`
`
`
`ii
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`

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`Case 6:21-cv-01101-ADA Document 34-1 Filed 06/09/22 Page 5 of 92
`Attorney Docket No. 39843-0130IP1
`IPR of U.S. Patent No. 8,174,360
`
`EXHIBITS
`
`EX1001
`
`EX1002
`
`EX1003
`
`EX1004
`
`EX1005
`
`EX1006
`
`EX1007
`
`EX1008
`
`EX1009
`
`EX1010
`
`EX1011
`
`EX1012
`
`EX1013
`
`EX1014
`
`U.S. Patent No. 8,174,360 to Finkenzeller (“the ’360
`patent”)
`
`Prosecution History of the ’360 Patent (“the Prosecution
`History”)
`
`Declaration of Emmanouil M. Tentzeris, Ph.D.
`
`Certified English Translation of JP Patent Pub. No.
`2001/243431 to Naruse et al. (“Naruse”)
`
`U.S. Patent No. 6,144,299 to Cole (“Cole”)
`
`Corrected FIG. 3 from Cole
`
`U.S. Patent No. 6,535,136 to Rodenbeck et al.
`(“Rodenbeck”)
`
`Certified English Translation of JP Patent Pub. No.
`2001/283162 to Nishikawa et. al. (“Nishikawa”)
`
`U.S. Patent No. 5,049,857 to Plonsky (“Plonsky”)
`
`EP Patent Pub. No. 0 052 933 B1 to Clark (“Clark”)
`
`JP Patent Pub. No. 2001/243431 to Naruse et al. (“Naruse”)
`
`JP Patent Pub. No. 2001/283162 to Nishikawa et. al.
`(“Nishikawa”)
`
`Klaus Finkenzeller, RFID Handbook (Rachel Waddington,
`trans., John Wiley & Son, Ltd. 1st ed. 1999)
`
`ISO/IEC 14443-3 Identification Cards - Contactless
`Integrated Circuit(s) Cards – Proximity Cards – Part 3:
`Initialization and Anticollision (Feb. 1, 2001)
`
`iii
`
`

`

`Case 6:21-cv-01101-ADA Document 34-1 Filed 06/09/22 Page 6 of 92
`Attorney Docket No. 39843-0130IP1
`IPR of U.S. Patent No. 8,174,360
`Complaint from Aire Technology Ltd. v. Samsung
`Electronics Co., Ltd., Case No. 6:21-cv-00955-ADA (W.D.
`Tex.)
`
`EX1100
`
`EX1101
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Court’s Docket for Aire Technology Ltd. v. Samsung
`Electronics Co., Ltd., Case No. 6:21-cv-00955-ADA (W.D.
`Tex.)
`
`
`
`iv
`
`

`

`Case 6:21-cv-01101-ADA Document 34-1 Filed 06/09/22 Page 7 of 92
`Attorney Docket No. 39843-0130IP1
`IPR of U.S. Patent No. 8,174,360
`LIST OF CHALLENGED CLAIMS
`
`Claim
`Element
`[1.P] A communication apparatus for setting up a data connection between
`intelligent devices, comprising:
`
`Claim Language
`
`[1.1]
`
`[1.2]
`
`[1.3]
`
`[1.4]
`
`[2]
`
`[3]
`
`[4]
`
`a transmission oscillator for carrying out a contactless data exchange,
`said oscillator including a coil;
`
`a communication element which is connected to the coil and to a data
`processing component of an intelligent device and which emits search
`signals via the coil to receive a response from another intelligent
`device,
`
`a measuring device for monitoring a property of the transmission
`oscillator which outputs a control signal when ascertaining a change of
`the monitored property, the monitored property of the transmission
`oscillator includes the frequency or impedance of the transmission
`oscillator in resonance,
`
`and a switching apparatus which is connected to the measuring device
`and the communication element and which switches on the
`communication element when it has received the control signal from
`the measuring device by connecting the communication element to an
`energy source.
`
`The communication apparatus according to claim 1, including an
`assembly that is switchable to the transmission oscillator via a switch,
`said assembly causing an increase in the bandwidth of the oscillating
`circuit.
`
`The communication apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the
`assembly is a resistive element.
`
`The communication apparatus according to claim 1, including an
`assembly switchable to the transmission oscillator via a switch, said
`assembly causing a change in the resonant frequency of the
`transmission oscillator.
`
`v
`
`

`

`Case 6:21-cv-01101-ADA Document 34-1 Filed 06/09/22 Page 8 of 92
`Attorney Docket No. 39843-0130IP1
`IPR of U.S. Patent No. 8,174,360
`Claim Language
`
`Claim
`Element
`[5]
`
`[6]
`
`[7]
`
`[8]
`
`[9]
`
`[10]
`
`[11]
`
`[12]
`
`[13]
`
`[14]
`
`The communication apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the
`assembly is arranged to enable a reduction in the resonant frequency.
`
`The communication apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the
`assembly comprises a capacitor.
`
`The communication apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the
`measuring frequency of the measuring device is sweepable over a
`predetermined frequency domain.
`
`The communication apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the
`switching apparatus has a time controller for cyclically switching the
`measuring device on and off.
`
`The communication apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the time
`controller keeps the on state of the measuring device shorter than the
`off state.
`
`The communication apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the
`measuring device stores a measuring value obtained during a cyclical
`on phase.
`
`The communication apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the
`measuring device emits a control signal to the switching apparatus
`when a measuring value deviates from the average of the measuring
`values stored with the previous on phases.
`
`The communication apparatus according to claim 8, wherein, when the
`intelligent device is switched on, the communication element is
`initially on and the measuring device off.
`
`The communication apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the
`measuring device has a first oscillator device coupled at least
`temporarily with the coil, for producing a first oscillation signal, and a
`second oscillator device for producing a second oscillation signal.
`
`The communication apparatus according to claim 13, wherein the
`measuring device has circuit components for producing the control
`signal for the Switching apparatus on the basis of a phase relation
`
`vi
`
`

`

`Case 6:21-cv-01101-ADA Document 34-1 Filed 06/09/22 Page 9 of 92
`Attorney Docket No. 39843-0130IP1
`IPR of U.S. Patent No. 8,174,360
`Claim Language
`
`Claim
`Element
`
`between the first and second oscillation signals or signals derived
`therefrom.
`
`[15.P] A method for switching on a communication element configured to use
`a coil, which is part of a transmission oscillator, for automatically
`setting up a data connection with an intelligent device likewise having
`a communication element and a coil, comprising the following steps:
`
`[15.1] monitoring a property of the transmission oscillator by means of a
`measuring device, wherein the property of the transmission oscillator
`includes the frequency or impedance of the transmission oscillator in
`resonance,
`
`[15.2]
`
`[15.3]
`
`[16]
`
`[17]
`
`producing a control signal upon the occurrence of a change in the
`monitored property,
`
`switching on the communication element by a switching apparatus in
`response to the control signal by connecting the communication
`element to an energy source.
`
`The method according to claim 15, wherein the measuring frequency
`of the measuring unit is swept over a given frequency domain during
`the monitoring of the property.
`
`The communication apparatus according to claim 1, including an
`assembly switchable to the transmission oscillator via a switch, said
`assembly causing a change in the resonant frequency of the
`transmission oscillator, when the measuring device has ascertained a
`change of the monitored property and outputted the control signal.
`
`
`
`
`vii
`
`

`

`Case 6:21-cv-01101-ADA Document 34-1 Filed 06/09/22 Page 10 of 92
`Attorney Docket No. 39843-0130IP1
`IPR of U.S. Patent No. 8,174,360
`Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. (“Petitioner” or “Samsung”) petitions for
`
`Inter Partes Review (“IPR”) of claims 1-17 (“the Challenged Claims”) of U.S.
`
`Patent No. 8,174,360 (“the ’360 patent”).
`
`I.
`
`REQUIREMENTS FOR IPR
`A. Grounds for Standing
`Samsung certifies that the ’360 Patent is available for IPR. Samsung is not
`
`barred or estopped from requesting review.
`
`B. Challenge and Relief Requested
`Samsung requests institution of IPR and cancelation of the challenged
`
`claims as unpatentable based on the grounds set forth below. Additional
`
`explanation and support is set forth in the declaration of Dr. Emmanouil Tentzeris
`
`(EX1003).
`
`Claims
`
`Ground
`1
`2
`
`1
`2-7, 17
`
`8-9
`
`10-12
`
`13-14
`
`15
`16
`
`3
`
`4
`
`5
`
`6
`7
`
`
`Basis
`§103–Naruse in view of Nishikawa
`§103–Naruse in view of Nishikawa and
`Cole
`§103–Naruse in view of Nishikawa and
`Rodenbeck
`§103–Naruse in view of Nishikawa,
`Rodenbeck, and Plonsky
`§103–Naruse in view of Nishikawa and
`Clark
`§102–Naruse
`§103–Naruse-Cole
`
`1
`
`

`

`Case 6:21-cv-01101-ADA Document 34-1 Filed 06/09/22 Page 11 of 92
`Attorney Docket No. 39843-0130IP1
`IPR of U.S. Patent No. 8,174,360
`The earliest possible priority date of the ’360 patent is July 30, 2003.
`
`Naruse (published Sept. 7, 2001), Nishikawa (published Oct. 12, 2001), Cole (PCT
`
`published June 15, 1998), Plonsky (issued September 17, 1991), and Clark
`
`(published September, 18, 1985) are prior art under at least §102(b) as printed
`
`publications published over a year prior to July 30, 2003. Rodenbeck (filed Feb. 3,
`
`1999; issued Mar. 18, 2003) is prior art under at least §102(a) and §102(e) as a
`
`U.S. patent filed and issued prior to July 30, 2003.
`
`II.
`
`SUMMARY OF THE ’360 PATENT
`A. Brief Description
`Generally, the ’360 patent describes “communication elements [for]
`
`automatically setting up a data connection in intelligent devices” in close
`
`proximity. EX1001, 1:8-12. The ’360 patent describes the known technology of
`
`“Near Field Communication” (NFC) for “setting up a data connection between
`
`intelligent devices” that includes emitting search signals until a response message
`
`is received. Id., 1:12-15, 1:45-52.
`
`The intelligent devices communicate to exchange data via inductively linked
`
`coils 13, 23, 33 when the devices are in proximity to each other, as shown in
`
`FIG. 1:
`
`2
`
`

`

`Case 6:21-cv-01101-ADA Document 34-1 Filed 06/09/22 Page 12 of 92
`Attorney Docket No. 39843-0130IP1
`IPR of U.S. Patent No. 8,174,360
`
`
`
`EX1001, 3:21-28, 4:3-11, 9:48-53, FIG. 1. The communications are driven by a
`
`communications element 12, 22. Id., 3:44-4:2. As seen in FIG. 1, the data
`
`processing component which makes the device intelligent can include “a portable
`
`computer 11 or a mobile telephone 21 or be realized in an RFID transponder with a
`
`chip 31, formed e.g. in a contactless chip card 30.” EX1001, 3:29-43.
`
`Each device further includes a measuring device 14, 24 that monitors a
`
`property of the coil 13, 23 to detect the proximity of another intelligent device.
`
`EX1001, 4:12-16, 5:53-63, 6:53-63. When in detection mode, the measuring
`
`device (which includes measuring unit 46) is inductively coupled to the coil and
`
`detects the changing resonant frequency or impedance of the oscillator as an
`
`intelligent device approaches. EX1001, 2:52-61, 6:24-35, 9:48-54.
`
`3
`
`

`

`Case 6:21-cv-01101-ADA Document 34-1 Filed 06/09/22 Page 13 of 92
`Attorney Docket No. 39843-0130IP1
`IPR of U.S. Patent No. 8,174,360
`
`
`
`EX1001, FIG. 2 (annotated), 4:57-5:8. When another similar device having a coil
`
`for communication is brought in proximity of the intelligent device, the measuring
`
`unit 46 detects a change in a property of the coil 13, 23 and in response, sends a
`
`control message to actuator 43 which “initiates the search or data transmission
`
`mode” by providing power to the communication element 12, 22. EX1001, 5:53-
`
`67, 8:1-6.
`
`B.
`Prosecution History
`The Patent Office issued several office actions rejecting all of the claims
`
`during prosecution and the applicant responded by amending the claims on several
`
`occasions. See EX1002. The applicant eventually achieved allowance by amending
`
`the claims to recite that the switching apparatus switches on the communication
`
`4
`
`

`

`Case 6:21-cv-01101-ADA Document 34-1 Filed 06/09/22 Page 14 of 92
`Attorney Docket No. 39843-0130IP1
`IPR of U.S. Patent No. 8,174,360
`element upon receipt of a control signal from the measuring device “by connecting
`
`the communication element to an energy source” in addition to the earlier
`
`amendments that the monitored property of the transmission oscillator “includes
`
`the frequency or impedance of the transmission oscillator in resonance.” EX1002,
`
`55-67, 135-144.
`
`However, as demonstrated below, the concept of a measuring device
`
`detecting a change in frequency or impedance of a transmission oscillator and,
`
`upon detecting such a change, emitting a control signal to connect a
`
`communication element to a power supply was known in the prior art. The ’360
`
`patent would not have issued if this more pertinent prior art, as cited below, was
`
`fully considered by the Examiner at the time.
`
`III. LEVEL OF ORDINARY SKILL
`A person of ordinary skill in the art at the time of the ’360 patent (a
`
`“POSITA”) would have had at least a Bachelor’s degree in electrical engineering,
`
`computer engineering, computer science, or a related field, with 2-5 years of
`
`experience in wireless communications, short range communications or RFID
`
`technologies. EX1003, ¶19.
`
`IV. CLAIM CONSTRUCTION
`All claim terms should be construed according to the Phillips standard. See
`
`37 C.F.R. § 42.100. Given the noticeable similarity between the predictable
`
`5
`
`

`

`Case 6:21-cv-01101-ADA Document 34-1 Filed 06/09/22 Page 15 of 92
`Attorney Docket No. 39843-0130IP1
`IPR of U.S. Patent No. 8,174,360
`combinations in Grounds 1-7 (below) and the preferred embodiment of the ’360
`
`patent, no formal construction is necessary in this proceeding. Wellman, Inc. v.
`
`Eastman Chem. Co., 642 F.3d 1355, 1361 (Fed. Cir. 2011); EX1003, ¶¶31-32.1
`
`Furthermore, the terms “communication element” and “measuring device” do not
`
`recite the term “means for” and therefore there is “a rebuttable presumption…that
`
`§ 112, para. 6 does not apply.” Williamson v. Citrix Online, LLC, 792 F.3d 1339,
`
`1348-49 (Fed. Cir. 2016). Absent any evidence or argument presented by the
`
`parties in this proceeding, this presumption holds and therefore these terms should
`
`be given ordinary meaning in this proceeding. Wellman, 642 F.3d at 1361.
`
`V. DETAILED EXPLANATION OF GROUNDS
`A. GROUND 1: Naruse in view of Nishikawa renders obvious
`claim 1
`1. Overview of Naruse
`Naruse describes an intelligent device highly similar to that described in the
`
`’360 patent in the form of a noncontact reader/writer which communicates with
`
`and exchanges data with other devices via an oscillator coil and detects the
`
`proximity of the other devices by monitoring a property of the oscillator coil.
`
`
`1 Petitioner is not conceding that each claim satisfies all statutory requirements, nor
`
`waiving any arguments concerning claim scope or grounds that can only be raised
`
`in district court.
`
`6
`
`

`

`Case 6:21-cv-01101-ADA Document 34-1 Filed 06/09/22 Page 16 of 92
`Attorney Docket No. 39843-0130IP1
`IPR of U.S. Patent No. 8,174,360
`EX1004, [Abstract], [0015], [0049]. The noncontact reader/writer can operate in a
`
`low power standby state and can be used in a mobile device. EX1004, [Abstract],
`
`[0049].
`
`As shown in FIG. 1, the contactless reader/writer includes antenna circuit 1
`
`(blue) “structured from a resonator circuit with a coil and a capacitor in series or in
`
`parallel.” EX1004, [0024].
`
`
`
`EX1004, FIG. 1. Data carrier 10 (gray) similarly includes a resonator circuit
`
`containing a coil connected in parallel with a capacitor. EX1004, [0031]. The
`
`antenna 1 is driven to communicate with the data carrier 10 by a driving circuit 2
`
`(orange), which “acts so that an electric current flows into the antenna circuit.”
`
`EX1004, [0026]. Modulating circuit 3 (also orange) and a demodulating circuit 4
`
`(again, orange) send and receive data. EX1004, [Abstract], [0027]-[0028].
`
`7
`
`

`

`Case 6:21-cv-01101-ADA Document 34-1 Filed 06/09/22 Page 17 of 92
`Attorney Docket No. 39843-0130IP1
`IPR of U.S. Patent No. 8,174,360
`Controlling circuit 5 (yellow) controls various components of the device. EX1004,
`
`[0028]-[0030].
`
`“Although not shown in FIG. 1, electric power is supplied to the various
`
`circuits through a semiconductor switch from the power supply circuit 9” which “is
`
`turned ON and OFF by the controlling circuit 5 in order to reduce the consumption
`
`of electric power” when the device is “in standby.” EX1004, [0030], [0033]. “In
`
`the standby state, it is necessary for the power supply circuit to supply power to at
`
`least the noncontact sensor circuit and the controlling circuit, there is no need to
`
`supply power to the other circuits.” EX1004, [0050].
`
`Noncontact sensor 6 detects the proximity of data carrier 10 “through
`
`detecting a change in voltage or a shift in oscillating frequency in the antenna
`
`circuit 1 caused by proximity to the resonator circuit of the data carrier 10.”2
`
`EX1004, [0035]. When data carrier 10 is detected, sensor circuit 6 sends “an
`
`interrupt input to start the controlling circuit 5.” EX1004, [0031]. In response to
`
`the interrupt signal, the “controlling circuit 5 starts up the driving circuit 2, the
`
`modulating circuit 3, [and] the demodulating circuit 4.” EX1004, [0032].
`
`The driving circuit provides an electric current through antenna circuit 1 to
`
`drive communication with data carrier 10. EX1004, [0026]-[0029]. The
`
`modulating circuit 3 modulates the carrier frequency of this electric current to
`
`
`2 All emphasis added unless otherwise noted.
`
`8
`
`

`

`Case 6:21-cv-01101-ADA Document 34-1 Filed 06/09/22 Page 18 of 92
`Attorney Docket No. 39843-0130IP1
`IPR of U.S. Patent No. 8,174,360
`convey data using, for example, Amplitude Shift Keying or Frequency Shift
`
`Keying. Id. The demodulating circuit receives electromagnetic signals from the
`
`antenna circuit 1 and restores the signals into data. Id.
`
`2. Overview of Nishikawa
`Nishikawa discloses a contactless IC card reader/writer that has “searching
`
`means for outputting…search signals corresponding to at least two types of
`
`contactless IC cards…and card identifying means for identifying the contactless
`
`IC card through receiving a response signal that is outputted by a contactless IC
`
`card, corresponding to an aforementioned search signal, receiving the search
`
`signal.” EX1008, [Abstract]; see [Claim 1], [0006]-[0007]. A contactless IC card
`
`reader/writer “transmits a search signal for establishing an interface with a
`
`contactless IC card that is present within a prescribed range” and the “contactless
`
`IC card that receives the search signal returns a response signal.” EX1008, [0010].
`
`Nishikawa “provide[s] a contactless IC card reader/writer that can be used with
`
`contactless IC cards of multiple types” including those specified by International
`
`Standard ISO 14443. EX1008, [0006]; see [0002], [0008], [0009].
`
`
`
`3.
`The Predictable Naruse-Nishikawa Combination
`A POSITA would have been prompted to modify Naruse based on
`
`Nishikawa because Nishikawa provides additional details on establishing a
`
`9
`
`

`

`Case 6:21-cv-01101-ADA Document 34-1 Filed 06/09/22 Page 19 of 92
`Attorney Docket No. 39843-0130IP1
`IPR of U.S. Patent No. 8,174,360
`noncontact communication session between intelligent devices that would have
`
`facilitated communication between the noncontact reader/writer and data carrier of
`
`Naruse. EX1003, ¶43-73.
`
`First, Naruse describes noncontact data communication with the data carrier
`
`so that the noncontact reader/writer can “carry out reading and writing of the data
`
`carrier.” EX1004, [0032]. The noncontact reader/writer communicates with data
`
`carrier 10 through a combination of driving circuit 2 and modulating circuit 3.
`
`EX1004, [0026]-[0027]. Data is received by the demodulating circuit 4 and
`
`interpreted by the controlling circuit 5. Id., [0028]. However, Naruse does not
`
`provide details on how such communication sessions are initiated. A POSITA
`
`would have turned to Nishikawa’s technique of emitting a search signal to elicit a
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`response from a nearby intelligent device to provide this missing information.
`
`EX1003, ¶50-51; EX1008, [0007]-[0010] (“an interactive process for establishing
`
`an interface with the contactless IC card”).
`
`Second, such a modification would have allowed Naruse’s noncontact
`
`reader/writer to establish noncontact communication with multiple different types
`
`of devices, including “contactless IC cards of multiple types” rather than only
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`devices having a similar configuration to the specific data carrier of Naruse.
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`EX1008, [0003]-[0005]; EX1003, ¶52. Nishikawa’s technique allows the
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`contactless “reader/writer to establish interfaces with not just one, but the plurality
`
`10
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`of contactless IC cards. Even if a plurality of types…is present within the
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`communication range.” EX1008, [0023]. As recognized by Nishikawa, at the
`
`relevant time, “many different types of contactless IC cards [were] coming into
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`use.” Id., [0002]. Application of Nishikawa’s search signal technique to Naruse’s
`
`contactless reader/writer would have allowed the resulting device to establish
`
`communications with these “many different types of contactless IC cards.” Id.,
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`[0003]-[0007]; EX1003, ¶52.
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`Third, Naruse expressly describes that the noncontact reader/writer receives
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`a “response to a call” from the data carrier (EX1004, [0039]) and Nishikawa
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`provides additional details on how to use such call/response functionality to
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`establish a new communication session (including communication sessions with
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`data carriers of unknown configuration). EX1003, ¶53; EX1008, [0008]-[0011].
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`Fourth, application of Nishikawa’s search signal/response technique would
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`have ensured that the resulting device was able to establish communications with
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`intelligent devices “specified by the International Standard ISO 14443.” EX1008,
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`[0002], [0008]-[0009], [0015], [0024]; EX1003, ¶¶54, 40-41. The background
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`section of the ’360 patent acknowledges that, in devices compliant with “standards
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`ISO/IEC 14443 and ISO/IEC 15693,” communication sessions are established
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`when “the reading device emits a search signal.” EX1001, 1:45-52. Therefore,
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`application of Nishikawa to Naruse’s device would have allowed the resulting
`
`11
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`device to be compatible with other ISO 14443 compatible devices, increasing the
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`utility of the resulting device. EX1003, ¶54; see EX1003, ¶56.
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`Fifth, such a modification is merely the application of a known technique
`
`(e.g., emitting a search signal) to a known device (e.g., Naruse’s intelligent device)
`
`ready for improvement to yield predictable results. EX1003, ¶55; KSR Int’l Co. v.
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`Teleflex Inc., 550 U.S. 398, 417 (2007). Both Naruse and Nishikawa describe
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`intelligent reader/writer devices that engage in contactless communication with
`
`proximate devices and a POSITA would have recognized that applying
`
`Nishikawa’s suggestions to Naruse’s intelligent device would have led to
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`predictable results without significantly altering or hindering the functions
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`performed by Naruse’s device and would have had a reasonable expectation of
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`success in making such a modification. EX1003, ¶55.
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`4.
`
`Application of the Naruse-Nishikawa combination to
`Claim 1
`
`Preamble [1.P]3
`
`
`
`The Naruse-Nishikawa combination provides a noncontact reader/writer,
`
`which can be applied to mobile devices, comprised of various circuit components
`
`that enable it to communicate with a data carrier. EX1004, [0010], [0024], [0032]
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`(describing that the noncontact reader/writer “carr[ies] out reading and writing of
`
`
`3 Claim element numbers in brackets refer to the above provided claim listing.
`
`12
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`the data carrier 10”), [0048]-[0049], [Abstract], FIG. 1; EX1008 [0005]-[0007],
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`[0010]-[0012]. EX1003, ¶57-59. Through Naruse’s disclosure of the noncontact
`
`reader/writer for data communication and its application to mobile devices, the
`
`Naruse-Nishikawa combination provides a communication apparatus for setting up
`
`a data connection between intelligent devices. Id.
`
`Element [1.1]
`
`
`
`Naruse discloses a transmission oscillator in the form of the antenna circuit 1
`
`which “is structured from a resonator circuit with a coil and a capacitor in series
`
`or in parallel, and is tuned to the carrier frequency” to “exchange electromagnetic
`
`signals” with the data carrier and communicate with the data carrier without
`
`contact. EX1004, [Abstract], [0024], [0026]-[0029] (describing contactless data
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`exchange by Naruse’s contactless reader/writer); EX1003, ¶60-61. Through
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`Naruse’s disclosure of a resonator circuit with a coil that communicates with a data
`
`carrier without contact, the Naruse-Nishikawa combination provides a transmission
`
`oscillator (including a coil) for carrying out a contactless data exchange. Id.
`
`13
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`Attorney Docket No. 39843-0130IP1
`IPR of U.S. Patent No. 8,174,360
`
`
`
`EX1004, FIG. 1.
`
`Element [1.2]
`The Naruse-Nishikawa combination provides this element. EX1003, ¶62-69.
`
`Naruse teaches a communication element which utilizes the antenna circuit 1 to
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`transmit and receive data for communicating with data carrier 10. EX1004, [0024],
`
`[0027].
`
`Naruse provides the communication element in the form of the combination
`
`of the driving circuit 2, modulating circuit 3, and demodulating circuit 4. EX1004,
`
`[0026]-[0028]; EX1003, ¶64. This combination of components operate in
`
`conjunction with the antenna circuit 1 to carry out reading and writing of the data
`
`carrier 10. EX1004, [0011], [0026] (Driving circuit 2 “acts so that an electric
`
`current flows into the antenna circuit.”), [0032]. The antenna circuit comprises a
`
`coil. Id., [0024]; EX1003, ¶62-63.
`
`
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`14
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`
`EX1004, FIG. 1.
`
`
`Furthermore, the communication element is connected to a data processing
`
`
`
`component in the form of controlling circuit 5 of the noncontact reader/writer.
`
`EX1004, [Abstract], [0028]-[0030] (describing the controlling circuit 5 performing
`
`various data processing and communication functions); EX1003, ¶65-67. As
`
`shown in FIG. 1, the modulating circuit 3 and demodulating circuit 4 are directly
`
`connected to the controlling circuit 5.
`
`Additionally, as discussed above, in the predictable combination, the driving
`
`circuit 2 would have emitted search signals via the coil of antenna 1 to receive a
`
`response from the data carrier, based on the teachings of Naruse and Nishikawa.
`
`EX1003, ¶68. For example, Naruse discloses that “a normal data carrier 10 will
`
`return a giv