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`Case 5:23-cv-00152-RWS Document 1-4 Filed 12/29/23 Page 1 of 16 PagelD #: 137
`
`EXHIBIT 3
`EXHIBIT 3
`
`

`

`(12) United States Patent
`Katagishi et al.
`
`(10) Patent No.:
`(45) Date of Patent:
`
`US 6,973,334 B2
`Dec. 6, 2005
`
`USOO697.3334B2
`
`2- - - 2
`
`OSCI C al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`
`455/501
`
`References Cited
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`4,335,468 A 6/1982 Foster et all
`5,056,109 A 10/1991 Gilhousen et al.
`5,452.473 A 9/1995 Weiland et al.
`5,710,981. A
`1/1998 Kim et al. .................... 455/69
`6,434,130 B1
`8/2002 Soininen et al. ............ 370/331
`6,434,373 B2
`8/2002 Ichihara ................... 455/127.5
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`JP
`4-277909
`10/1992
`JP
`6-252797
`9/1994
`JP
`9-46152
`2/1997
`* cited by examiner
`Primary Examiner-Keith T. Ferguson
`(74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Mattingly, Stanger, Malur &
`Brundidge PC
`
`(56)
`
`(54) CELLULAR TELEPHONE
`
`(75) Inventors: Makoto Katagishi, Chigasaki (JP);
`Shirou Machida, Yokohama (JP)
`
`(73) Assignee: Hitachi, Ltd., Tokyo (JP)
`-
`0
`Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this
`(*) Notice:
`patent is extended or adjusted under 35
`U.S.C. 154(b) by 367 days.
`
`(21) Appl. No.: 10/142,051
`(22) Filed:
`May 10, 2002
`(65)
`Prior Publication Data
`US 2002/0132587 A1
`Sep. 19, 2002
`Related U.S. Application Data
`(63) Continuation of application No. 09/436,502, filed on
`Nov. 9, 1999, now Pat. No. 6,408,193.
`Foreign Application Priority Data
`(30)
`Nov. 10, 1998 (JP)
`............................... P1O-318689
`
`(51) Int. Cl." ............................ H04Q 7/20; H04Q 7/32
`
`(52) U.S. Cl. ........................ 455/571; 455/522; 455/69;
`455/550.1; 455/126; 455/127.1; 455/115;
`370/311; 375/345
`(58) Field of Search ................................ 455/571,574,
`455/126, 127.1, 115, 116, 118, 121, 125,
`455/73, 232.1, 132.4, 239.1, 240.1, 550.1,
`455/250.1, 251.1, 245.1, 422.1, 403, 412.1,
`455/412.2, 522, 69,500,517,426.1, 426.2,
`455/432.1,445, 507, 67.1, 423,424; 370/342,
`370/311; 375/345
`
`ABSTRACT
`(57)
`A cellular telephone includes a receiver connected to an
`antenna through a duplexer. The receiver converts a first
`communication signal into a voice Signal code, and outputs
`a signal indicating an intensity of the first communication
`Signal. The cellular telephone also includes a transmitter
`connected to an encoder/decoder apparatus and to the
`antenna through the duplexer. The receiver converts the
`input voice code signal from the encoder/decoder apparatus
`into a Second communication signal. A controller controls
`the amplitude of the transmitter corresponding to the inten
`sity of the first communication Signal. The transmitter
`includes a variable amplitude amplifier and a power ampli
`fier, and the controller includes a central processing unit and
`a memory. The controller controls a gain of the variable
`amplitude amplifier and a bias condition of the power
`amplifier according to a function Stored in the memory.
`
`6 Claims, 8 Drawing Sheets
`
`
`
`
`
`232 237 236 238 234 240 250
`
`Case 5:23-cv-00152-RWS Document 1-4 Filed 12/29/23 Page 2 of 16 PageID #: 138
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Dec. 6, 2005
`
`Sheet 1 of 8
`
`US 6,973,334 B2
`
`
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`Case 5:23-cv-00152-RWS Document 1-4 Filed 12/29/23 Page 3 of 16 PageID #: 139
`
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`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Dec. 6, 2005
`
`Sheet 2 of 8
`
`US 6,973,334 B2
`
`FIG. 2
`
`
`
`
`
`WAR.
`AMPLT.
`AMP.
`
`
`
`Case 5:23-cv-00152-RWS Document 1-4 Filed 12/29/23 Page 4 of 16 PageID #: 140
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Dec. 6, 2005
`
`Sheet 3 of 8
`
`US 6,973,334 B2
`
`FIG. 4
`
`- CHARACTERISTIC WITH
`CONTROLLED BIAS
`- ------ CHARACTERISTC WTH
`FIXED BAS
`
`PREDETERMINED
`
`GG2
`GAN
`PREDETERMINED BB2
`BAS
`BB2
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`BAS
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`
`TRANSMITTER OUTPUT
`POWER
`
`
`
`
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`
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`WAR.
`AMPLI.
`AMP
`
`
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`it.
`
`300
`
`Case 5:23-cv-00152-RWS Document 1-4 Filed 12/29/23 Page 5 of 16 PageID #: 141
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`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Dec. 6, 2005
`
`Sheet 4 of 8
`
`US 6,973,334 B2
`
`FIG. 6(a)
`
`330
`
`310
`
`300
`A/
`355
`
`PG)
`
`PWM
`
`. J.J -
`
`T
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`T
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`254
`
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`
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`355
`
`254
`
`Case 5:23-cv-00152-RWS Document 1-4 Filed 12/29/23 Page 6 of 16 PageID #: 142
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Dec. 6, 2005
`
`Sheet 5 of 8
`
`US 6,973,334 B2
`
`FIG. 7
`
`
`
`Case 5:23-cv-00152-RWS Document 1-4 Filed 12/29/23 Page 7 of 16 PageID #: 143
`
`AMPLT.
`AMP
`
`
`
`
`
`100
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Dec. 6, 2005
`
`Sheet 6 of 8
`
`US 6,973,334 B2
`
`AMPLT.
`AMP
`
`
`
`Case 5:23-cv-00152-RWS Document 1-4 Filed 12/29/23 Page 8 of 16 PageID #: 144
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Dec. 6, 2005
`
`Sheet 7 of 8
`
`US 6,973,334 B2
`
`FIG. 10(a)
`
`s
`
`-o- FREQUENCY
`-a- Vdd (a)
`-o- Void (b)
`
`12
`1.0
`0.8
`0.6
`0.4
`0.2
`0.0
`
`–80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 - 10 0
`Pout (dB)
`
`FIG. 10(b)
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`-80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 - 10 O
`Pout (dB)
`
`Case 5:23-cv-00152-RWS Document 1-4 Filed 12/29/23 Page 9 of 16 PageID #: 145
`
`S
`
`12
`O
`0.8
`0.6
`0.4
`0.2
`O.O
`
`-O- Idd (a)
`-- Idd (b)
`-a- PRODUCT OF Idd
`AND FREQUENCY
`a
`-o- PRODUCT OF Idd
`Ap FREQUENCY
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Dec. 6, 2005
`
`Sheet 8 of 8
`
`US 6,973,334 B2
`
`FIG 11 RELATED ART
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`WAR.
`AMPLI.
`AMP
`
`FIG. 12 RELATED ART
`
`- CHARACTERISTC WTH
`CONTROLLED BAS
`it - r CHARACTERISTIC WITH
`as2
`FIXED BIAS
`a
`BAS
`s: CONTROL/ - B
`-?
`-
`s
`
`Case 5:23-cv-00152-RWS Document 1-4 Filed 12/29/23 Page 10 of 16 PageID #: 146
`
`55
`CD a
`
`
`
`TRANSMITTER OUTPUT
`POWER
`
`PREDETERMINED
`...Gn
`GG2.
`GAN
`PREDETERMINED BB2
`BAS
`
`

`

`1
`CELLULAR TELEPHONE
`
`US 6,973,334 B2
`
`This is a continuation application of U.S. Ser. No. 09/436,
`502, filed Nov. 9, 1999, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,408,193.
`
`BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
`
`1. Technical Field of the Invention
`The present invention generally relates to a cellular tele
`phone, and more Specifically, relates to a cellular telephone
`used in Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) system.
`2. Description of Related Art
`An example of a CDMA cellular telephone system is
`disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,056,109. In this example, a
`cellular telephone has transmit power control circuitries 76
`and 80 connected in series between a transmit modulator 84
`and an antenna 70 and controlled by a control processor 78,
`So as to control and adjust a power level of transmission
`power. The control and the adjustment of the power level are
`required So as to overcome deleterious terrestrial channel
`fading between a terrestrial base Station (a cell-site station)
`and a mobile unit. The terrestrial channel fading is caused by
`a path loSS in the terrestrial channel, which is on the order
`of over 80 dB, and the power adjustment at the mobile unit
`is implemented by a predetermined amount, nominally 1 dB.
`The typical standard for the CDMA cellular telephone
`system enacted in the U.S. is TIA IS-95 (hereinafter IS-95).
`An example of a transmitter applying IS-95 is shown in FIG.
`11. In this example, a modulated Signal converted into a
`transmitting frequency band is Supplied to a variable ampli
`tude amplifier 230 and the output of the variable amplitude
`amplifier 230 is further amplified by a power amplifier
`means 250 and transmitted to an antenna 450 through a
`duplexer 400. A controller 380 supplies again control signal
`to the variable amplitude amplifier 230 in order to adjust the
`gain such that the power transmitted from the antenna 450
`will Satisfy the required value of transmitting power. The
`gain control Signal is also Supplied to a level detecting means
`390. The level detecting means 390 supplies a bias signal to
`the power amplifier means 250 for adjusting the transmitting
`power. The level detecting means 390 detects a level of the
`gain control Signal, and as shown in FIG. 12, when the level
`is high (e.g. Gn), it outputs bias value of B2. Then the level
`decreases, and the level crosses a threshold value, the level
`detecting means 390 changes the bias abruptly from B2 to
`B1. Current of the power amplifier means change abruptly
`when the gain level crosses the threshold value. In IS-95,
`open-loop power control and closed-loop power control are
`employed in order to regulate a receiving power at the
`cell-site Station. The open-loop power control, which defi
`nitely determines a transmitting power according to an
`information indicating an intensity of electric field detected
`by a receiver, does not require a severe accuracy (generally
`within the range of 9.5 dB). On the other hand, the closed
`loop power control performs fine control according to an
`information indicating a variation of a gain of the Signal
`transmitted from the cell-site Station (generally 1 dB step).
`In this case, the transmitter performs the open-loop power
`control at first, then it performs the closed-loop power
`control for the transmitted power to converge into a desired
`value which the cell-site Station requires.
`Japanese Patent Laid-open No. Hei-9-46152 discloses a
`mobile unit including a receiver and a transmitter, where the
`transmitter has a variable amplitude amplifier for adjusting
`the power level of the transmission power. In this related art,
`the mobile unit includes a high frequency power amplifier
`having a field effect transistor (FET) as an amplifying
`
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`Case 5:23-cv-00152-RWS Document 1-4 Filed 12/29/23 Page 11 of 16 PageID #: 147
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`2
`element, and the variable amplitude amplifier is composed
`So as to control a bias condition of the FET according to a
`transmission power. Amount of attenuation according to the
`transmission power, and gate Voltage of the FET correspond
`ing to the amount of attenuation are controlled by degrees,
`i.e. by 4 dB, according to the predetermined values. When
`the transmission power is low, the gate Voltage is reduced So
`as to reduce current consumption for prolonging battery life.
`A problem in the related art is that the large current
`consumption shortens the battery life, which shortens the
`hours of communication on the phone.
`Another problem in the related art is that the compensa
`tion of the battery life requires an increase of Volume and
`weight of the battery.
`Further related art is also disclosed in Japanese Patent
`Application Laid-open Nos. Hei-04-277909 and Hei-06
`252797.
`
`SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
`
`It is therefore an object of the present invention to solve
`the problems of the related art explained above. In view of
`the objective of Solving the problems explained above, the
`cellular telephone of the present invention includes an
`antenna for receiving a first communication signal from a
`cell-site Station and transmitting a Second communication
`Signal to the cell-site Station, a duplexer connected to the
`antenna, a receiver connected to the antenna through the
`duplexer for converting the first communication signal into
`a voice Signal code, and for outputting a signal indicating an
`intensity of the first communication signal, an encoder/
`decoder apparatus connected to the receiver and an acoustic
`transducer for converting the Voice Signal code into audio
`Signal for driving the acoustic transducer and converting an
`audio input Signal from the acoustic transducer into a input
`Voice code Signal, a transmitter connected to the encoder/
`decoder apparatus and to the antenna through the duplexer
`for converting the input voice code Signal into the Second
`communication Signal, and a controller connected to the
`receiver and the transmitter for controlling amplitude of the
`transmitter corresponding to the intensity of the first com
`munication Signal, wherein the transmitter includes a vari
`able amplitude amplifier and a power amplifier, the control
`ler includes a central processing unit and a memory, the
`controller controls again of the variable amplitude amplifier
`and a bias condition of the power amplifier according to a
`function Stored in the memory.
`In another embodiment, the controller further includes a
`pulse generator. The pulse generator is connected to the
`power amplifier So as to Supply a pulse as a bias control
`Signal, and the controller controls a pulse width of the pulse
`So as to control the bias condition.
`In a third embodiment, the controller further includes a
`pulse generator. The pulse generator is connected to the
`power amplifier So as to Supply pulses as a bias control
`Signal, and the controller controls a pulse density of the
`pulses So as to control the bias condition.
`In a fourth embodiment, the power amplifier further
`includes a Smoothing circuit for Smoothing the pulse.
`In a fifth embodiment, the transmitter further includes a
`Signal generator connected to the controller. The Signal
`generator is connected to the variable amplitude amplifier
`and the power amplifier So as to Supply again control Signal
`and a bias control Signal to the variable amplitude amplifier
`and the power amplifier respectively.
`
`

`

`3
`The cellular telephone of the present invention also
`includes an antenna for receiving a first communication
`Signal from a cell-site Station and transmitting a Second
`communication Signal to the cell-site Station, a duplexer
`connected to the antenna, a receiver connected to the
`antenna through the duplexer for converting the first com
`munication Signal into a voice Signal code, and for output
`ting a signal indicating an intensity of the first communica
`tion signal, an encoder/decoder apparatus connected to the
`receiver and an acoustic transducer for converting the Voice
`Signal code into audio Signal for driving the acoustic trans
`ducer and converting an audio input signal from the acoustic
`transducer into a input voice code Signal, a transmitter
`connected to the encoder/decoder apparatus and to the
`antenna through the duplexer for converting the input voice
`code Signal into the Second communication Signal, and a
`controller connected to the receiver and the transmitter for
`controlling amplitude of the transmitter corresponding to the
`intensity of the first communication signal, wherein the
`transmitter includes a variable amplitude amplifier and a
`power amplifier, the power amplifier includes a maximum
`power detector, the controller includes a central processing
`unit and a memory, the controller controls a gain of the
`variable amplitude amplifier according to a function Stored
`in the memory, and the maximum power detector controls an
`output power of the power amplifier.
`AS explained above, Since the controller controls again of
`the variable amplitude amplifier according to a function
`Stored in the memory, a cellular telephone capable of reduc
`ing current consumption is available. In addition, Small
`current consumption enables prolongation of battery life, or
`use of Small-size battery, by which a cellular phone having
`a long Service life or that having a Small size is available.
`
`15
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`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
`
`35
`
`Case 5:23-cv-00152-RWS Document 1-4 Filed 12/29/23 Page 12 of 16 PageID #: 148
`
`The foregoing and a better understanding of the present
`invention will become apparent from the following detailed
`description of exemplary embodiments and the claims when
`read in connection with the accompanying drawings, all
`forming a part of the disclosure hereof this invention. While
`the foregoing and following written and illustrated disclo
`Sure focuses on disclosing exemplary embodiments of the
`invention, it should be clearly understood that the same is by
`way of illustration and example only and is not to be taken
`by way of limitation, the Spirit and the Scope of the present
`invention being limited only by the terms of the appended
`claims.
`The following represents brief descriptions of the draw
`ings, wherein:
`FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of a cellular telephone in
`the first embodiment of the present invention.
`FIG. 2 shows a block diagram of a main part of the
`cellular telephone in the first embodiment of the present
`invention.
`FIG.3 shows an example of variable amplitude amplifier
`of the cellular telephone in the first embodiment of the
`present invention.
`FIG. 4 shows a characteristic curve of a power amplifier
`means in the first embodiment of the present invention.
`FIG. 5 shows a block diagram of a main part of the
`cellular telephone in the Second embodiment of the present
`invention.
`FIG. 6 shows an example of the controller and the
`Smoothing circuit in the Second embodiment of the present
`invention. FIG. 6A shows a case where the CPU controls the
`
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`US 6,973,334 B2
`
`4
`PG in PWM mode, and FIG. 6B shows a case where the
`CPU controls the PG in PDM mode.
`FIG. 7 shows a block diagram of a main part of the
`cellular telephone in the third embodiment of the present
`invention.
`FIG. 8 shows a block diagram of a main part of the
`cellular telephone in the Second embodiment of the present
`invention.
`FIG. 9 shows a block diagram of a main part of the
`cellular telephone in the third embodiment of the present
`invention.
`FIG. 10 shows a characteristic curve in one embodiment
`of the present invention. FIG. 10A shows a characteristic of
`output intensity VS. bias conditions comparing to that of the
`related art, and characteristic of output intensity VS. fre
`quency or chance of occurring. FIG. 10B shows a charac
`teristic of output intensity VS. current consumption compar
`ing to that of the related art, and a characteristic of output
`intensity VS. product of the current consumption and the
`frequency.
`FIG. 11 shows a block diagram of a main part of the
`cellular telephone in the related art.
`FIG. 12 shows a characteristic curve in the related art.
`
`DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE
`INVENTION
`
`Before beginning a detailed description of the Subject
`invention, mention of the following is in order. When
`appropriate, like reference numerals and characters are used
`to designate identical, corresponding or Similar components
`in differing figure drawings.
`Exemplary embodiments of the present invention will
`now be explained with reference to FIGS. 1 to 10.
`The first embodiment of the present invention is explained
`referring to FIGS. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 10. As disclosed in FIG. 1,
`a cellular telephone in this embodiment includes a receiver
`100, a transmitter 200, a controller 300, an encoder/decoder
`apparatus 500, a duplexer 400 and an antenna 450. The
`antenna 450 is connected to the duplexer 400 so as to
`transmit or receive communication Signals. The duplexer
`400 is connected to the receiver 100 and transmitter 200 for
`transferring received signals from the antenna 450 to the
`receiver 100 and for suppressing signal levels outside of the
`receiving band. The duplexer 400 is also connected to the
`transmitter 200 for transferring signals from the transmitter
`200 to the antenna 450.
`The receiver 100 includes input amplifiers 110, filters 122
`and 126, a down-converter 124, an amplifier 130, a quadra
`ture demodulator (QDEM) 140, and a base band demodu
`lator (DEM) 160 In the receiver 100, the signal from the
`duplexer 400 is amplified by the input amplifiers 110, and its
`frequency is lowered down by the down-converter 124. The
`filters 122 and 126 are band-pass filters such as Surface
`Acoustic Wave (SAW) filters. Then the signal is amplified
`by the amplifier 130 and demodulated at the QDEM 140 by
`a modulation signal having a phase difference of 90 degrees.
`The demodulated signal is supplied to the DEM 160 and
`converted into a voice signal code. The DEM 160 outputs
`not only the Voice Signal code but also a signal indicating
`intensity of electric field of the received signals (hereinafter
`field intensity signal). The DEM 160 has a function of
`adjusting its input level, which enables to detect the intensity
`of electric field of the received Signals by watching how
`much adjustment was made to obtain the desired signal
`level.
`
`

`

`6
`The PLL 700 controls an oscillator 750 So as to oscillate
`required frequency for communication according to the
`output signal of the CPU 310.
`Details of the first embodiment is described hereinbelow.
`FIG. 2 shows a block diagram of a main part of the cellular
`telephone in this embodiment. The controller 300 controls a
`gain of the variable amplitude amplifier 230 in such a
`manner that the transmitter 200 can provide a required
`transmitting power to the antenna 450. In this embodiment,
`the gain is determined So as to vary according to the
`transmitting power as shown in FIG. 4. Predetermined
`values of the gain (n pieces of values: G1, G2, ... Gn, where
`“n” is an integer greater than 2) are stored in the MEM 330
`within the controller 300 as shown in FIG. 4. Gn is a gain
`which provides the maximum value of the required trans
`mitting power, and G1 is a gain which provides the mini
`mum value of the required transmitting power. Further, the
`controller 300 stores bias values (n pieces of values: B1, B2,
`... Bn, where “n” is an integer greater than 2) for the power
`amplifier means 250 corresponding to each gain. When the
`bias is fixed to either one of the predetermined values, the
`characteristic of output power VS. current of power amplifier
`means varies as shown in the corresponding dotted line in
`FIG. 4. When the bias is fixed to Bn, it can satisfy the
`maximum value of the required transmitting power. How
`ever, the current of the power amplifier means is large at the
`minimum value of the required transmitting power. On the
`other hand, when the bias is fixed to B1, Small current of the
`power amplifier means is available. However, the gain is too
`Small to Satisfy the maximum value of the required trans
`mitting power. In this embodiment, a plurality of Sets of the
`values of the gain and the bias are stored in the MEM 330,
`Such that the value of the bias decreases corresponding to a
`decrease of the gain. The characteristic of output power VS.
`current of power amplifier means gradually decrease from
`that of Bn to that of B1 when the output power decreases as
`shown in the curved line in FIG. 4. This satisfies both the
`maximum value of the required transmitting power at the
`maximum output power and Small current of the power
`amplifier means at the minimum output power. In order to
`realize the aforementioned gradually decreasing character
`istics for reducing current consumption for the required
`transmitting power, bias conditions of the power amplifier
`means 250 are defined as a function of predetermined values
`of the gain for the variable amplitude amplifier 230. The
`function is also stored in MEM 330. The bias conditions for
`the n pieces of the gain values are calculated using the
`function and Stored in MEM 330. The controller 300 con
`trols the variable amplitude amplifier 230 and the power
`amplifier means 250 based on the conditions stored in MEM
`330. In the actual designing, the bias conditions are Selected
`within the region where the characteristics of power leakage
`into adjacent channels and et al are Satisfied in addition to
`where the transmitting power are Satisfied. Since the current
`of power amplifier means are lower than that of the fixed
`bias condition Bn, a range of transmitter output power where
`current consumption in the power amplifier means are
`reduced is much broader than that of the related art.
`Details of the variable amplitude amplifier is shown in
`FIG. 3 In this embodiment, a transistor is employed as an
`amplifying element Q31. An input matching circuit 2321 is
`provided between an input terminal T1 and a base of the
`transistor Q31, and an output matching circuit 2323 is
`provided between a collector of the transistor Q31 and an
`output terminal T2 for obtaining the required gain. The input
`matching circuit 2321 includes capacitors C11, C12 and C13
`and a coil L11. The capacitor C11 and the coil L11 are
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`US 6,973,334 B2
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`25
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`S
`The Voice code Signal is Supplied to the encoder/decoder
`apparatus 500. The encoder/decoder apparatus 500 includes
`a vocoder 520 and a codec 540. The codec 540 is connected
`to acoustic transducer 600. The acoustic transducer 600
`transduces Sound or voice into electric Signals or Vice versa.
`The acoustic transducer 600 includes a speaker 620 and a
`microphone 640. The voice code signal is first Supplied to a
`vocoder 520, where it is converted into a digital signal. An
`output of the vocoder 520 is supplied to the codec 540,
`where it is converted into an audio Signal. This audio signal
`is Supplied to a speaker 620 So that a user of the cellular
`phone can hear the Sound or voice transmitted from the
`cell-site station. The codec 540 is also connected to a
`microphone 640. The microphone 640 picks up sound or
`Voice and convert them into an audio input signal. This audio
`input signal is input into the codec 540, where it is converted
`into a digital audio signal. The digital audio Signal is
`supplied to the vocoder 520 and coded into an input voice
`code Signal. The input Voice code Signal is Supplied to the
`transmitter 200.
`The transmitter 200 includes a base band modulator
`(MOD) 210, a quadrature modulator (QMOD) 220, variable
`amplitude amplifier 230, a filter 240, a power amplifier
`means 250. The variable amplitude amplifier 230 includes a
`first-stage amplifier 232, filters 237 and 238, an up-converter
`236, a second-stage amplifier 234. The filters 237,238 and
`240 are band-pass filters such as SAW filters which are
`disposed for Suppressing unnecessary waves for communi
`cation. In the transmitter, the input voice code Signal is
`supplied to the MOD 210, where it is modulated into a signal
`Suitable for wireleSS transmission. An output signal of the
`MOD 210 is supplied to QMOD 220, where it is modulated
`by a modulation Signal having a phase difference of 90
`degrees. An output signal of the QMOD 220, i.e., a modu
`lated Signal is Supplied to the variable amplitude amplifier
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`230. In the variable amplitude amplifier 230, the modulated
`Signal is Supplied to the first-stage amplifier 232 and ampli
`fied to a Suitable level. An output of the first-Stage amplifier,
`or the amplified modulated Signal is Supplied to the up
`converter 236 through the filter 237. A frequency of the
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`amplified modulated Signal is raised up at the up-converter
`236 to a Suitable value or range for wireleSS communication.
`An output of the up-converter 236 is Supplied to the Second
`stage amplifier 234 through the filter 238, where it is
`amplified to a Suitable level at radio frequency. An output of
`the Second-stage amplifier 234, namely the output of the
`variable amplitude amplifier 230 is supplied to the power
`amplifier means or power amplifier 250 through the filter
`240, where the power is amplified to a desired transmitting
`power. An output of the power amplifier means 250 is
`supplied to the antenna 450 through the duplexer 400.
`The controller 300 is provided so as to control the power
`transmitted from the antenna 450. The controller 300 in this
`embodiment comprises a central processing unit (CPU) 310,
`a memory (MEM) 330 and a digital-analog converter (D/A)
`350. The CPU 310 is connected to the DEM 160 of the
`receiver 100, and the field intensity signal is supplied to the
`CPU 310 from the receiver 100. The CPU 310 generates
`signals for controlling the variable amplitude amplifier 230,
`the power amplifier means 250, the amplifiers 110 and 130
`in the receiver 100 and a phase-locked loop (PLL) 700.
`These Signals are generated in Such a manner that the CPU
`310 processes data supplied from the receiver 100 and
`outputs the result through the D/A350, or that the CPU 310
`reads data stored in the MEM 330 and outputs them through
`the D/A350, or that the CPU 310 processes the data stored
`in the MEM 330 and outputs the result through the D/A350.
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`on the horizontal axis indicates the transmitting power Pout
`of the mobile unit using a ratio to the transmitting power
`value when the mobile unit is very remote from the cell-site
`Station, a Scale for frequency on the vertical axis indicates
`the characteristic of frequency using a ratio to the frequency
`value when the mobile unit is near the cell-site Station, or the
`Pout is nearly -70 dB, and a scale for Vdd on the vertical
`axis indicates the bias conditions using a ratio to the bias
`voltage value when the mobile unit is very remote from the
`cell-site station, or the Pout is nearly 0 dB. In the coordinate
`system of FIG. 10B, a scale on the horizontal axis indicates
`the transmitting power Pout of the mobile unit using a ratio
`to the transmitting power value when the mobile unit is very
`remote from the cell-site Station, a Scale for Idd on the
`Vertical axis indicates the characteristic of current using a
`ratio to the current value when the mobile unit is very remote
`from the cell-site station, or the Pout is nearly 0 dB, and a
`Scale for product of Idd and frequency on the vertical axis
`indicates the actual current consumption using a ratio to the
`maximum current consumption value of the related art.
`In a System applying IS-95, the cell-site Stations are
`located in Such a manner that their Service areas overlap to
`Some extent in order to prevent occurrence of vacant areas
`where the Service is not available. As a result, frequency or
`chances of being very remote from the cell-site station (the
`transmitting power Pout of the mobile unit increases in this
`condition) is small as shown in FIG. 10A. This means that
`the current at medium to low output power contributes more
`to the current consumption of the mobile unit than that at
`high or maximum output power. In this embodiment, the
`bias condition Vdd is controlled as shown in the curve
`plotted with quadrates by using a function stored in MEM
`330. In this embodiment, the function controls the bias
`condition Vdd to vary in 9 steps. When the mobile unit is
`near the cell-site, or the Pout is nearly up to -50 dB, the bias
`condition Vdd(b) is nearly 60% of the maximum value. As
`the mobile unit moving away from the cell-site, Vdd(b)
`increases gradually, and when the mobile unit gets very far
`from the cell-site, Vdd(b) becomes the maximum value.
`While in the related art, Vdd(a) is kept constant at nearly
`70% of the maximum value up to the point where Pout is
`nearly -30 DB. Then Vdd(a) increases abruptly to the
`maximum value and kept constant up to the point where
`Pout is 0 dB. The characteristics of current corresponding to
`Vdd(a) and Vdd(b) are indicated in FIG. 10B as Idd(a) and
`Idd(b), respectively These current values are calculated
`using measured values obtained from power amplifier mod
`ule for CDMA system in Japan. Since the current capacity
`is as high as some 100 mA-1000 mA, converting efficiency
`must be considered in calculating the currents. In this
`embodiment, the efficiency is estimated to be approximately
`90%. Actual current consumption is calculated by making a
`product of Tdd and frequency. As shown in FIG. 10B,
`current consumption in this embodiment is lower than that
`in the related art within the region where Pout is less
`than -20 dB. Nearly 14% reduction in current consumption
`is available in comparison to the related art
`The second embodiment of the present invention is
`explained referring to FIGS. 5 and 6. In this embodiment,
`pulse Signals are used as a bias controlling Signal for
`controlling the bias of the power amplifier means 250 AS
`disclosed in FIG. 6A, the controller 300 includes a pulse
`generator (PG) 355 instead of the D/A350. In this embodi
`ment, the PG 355 generates a pulse train with pulse repeti
`tion of T. The pulse train is modulated employing a pulse
`width modulation (PWM) and is supplied to the power
`amplifier means 250. Generally, when a high resolution is
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`connected in Series, and this Series circuit of C11 and L11 is
`provided between the input terminal T1 and the base of the
`transistor Q31. One end of the capacitor C11 is connected to
`the input terminal T1, and the other end of the capacitor C11
`is connected to the one end of the coil L11. The other end of
`the coil L11 is connected to the base of the transistor Q31.
`The capacitor C12 is provided between the other end of the
`capacitor C11 and the ground. The capacitor