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`UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
`_____________
`
`BEFORE THE PATENT TRIAL AND APPEAL BOARD
`_____________
`
`GOOGLE LLC,
`SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS CO., LTD., and
`SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS AMERICA, INC.
`Petitioners,
`
`v.
`
`MULLEN INDUSTRIES LLC,
`Patent Owner.
`_____________
`
`Case No. IPR2025-00018
`Patent No. 11,122,418
`_____________
`
`
`
`
`
`
`DECLARATION OF DAVID H. WILLIAMS
`
`
`
`
`
`Google Exhibit 1003
`Google v Mullen
`IPR2025-00018
`
`

`

`TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONDENSED)
`PERSONAL AND PROFESSIONAL BACKGROUND ................................. 1
`I.
`II. MATERIALS REVIEWED AND CONSIDERED ........................................ 11
`III. MY UNDERSTANDING OF PATENT LAW ............................................... 12
`A. Anticipation ............................................................................................... 14
`B. Obviousness ............................................................................................... 15
`IV. PERSON OF ORDINARY SKILL IN THE ART (“POSA”) ......................... 18
`V. THE ’418 PATENT ......................................................................................... 20
`A. Specification Embodiments ....................................................................... 20
`B. Prosecution History of the ’418 Patent ...................................................... 23
`C. The Challenged Claims ............................................................................. 24
`VI. CLAIM INTERPRETATION ......................................................................... 25
`VII. PRIOR-ART REFERENCES .......................................................................... 25
`A. Background on Motivation to Combine and Reasonable
`Expectation of Success in Combining Prior Art ....................................... 25
`B. Sheha (EX1005) ........................................................................................ 31
`C. Randall (EX1007) ...................................................................................... 42
`D. Ryden (EX1009) ........................................................................................ 46
`E. Tanaka (EX1011) ...................................................................................... 55
`F. Ganesh (EX1012) ...................................................................................... 55
`G. Wollrab (EX1014) ..................................................................................... 56
`H. De-Vries (EX1013).................................................................................... 56
`VIII. THE CHALLENGED CLAIMS ARE UNPATENTABLE IN LIGHT
`OF THE PRIOR ART IDENTIFIED IN THE PETITION ............................. 57
`A. Ground 1: Claims 1-3, 6-7, 10, 13, 18-21, 24, 26-27, and 30 Are
`Anticipated or Alternatively Obvious over Sheha .................................... 58
`1. Discussion of Sheha (EX1005) ........................................................... 58
`2. Mapping of Sheha to Claims 1-3, 6-7, 10, 13, 18-21, 24, 26-27,
`and 30 .................................................................................................. 60
`
`– i –
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`

`

`B. Ground 2: Claims 4-5, 11, 17, 22-23, and 28-29 Would Have Been
`Obvious over Sheha in View of Ryden ...................................................109
`1. Discussion of Ryden (EX1009) .........................................................109
`2. Discussion of Sheha-Ryden Combination ........................................110
`3. Mapping of Sheha-Ryden Combination to Claims 4-5, 11, 22-
`23, and 28-29 .....................................................................................113
`C. Ground 3: Claims 8-9, 12, 14, and 25 Would Have Been Obvious
`over Sheha in view of Tanaka .................................................................118
`1. Discussion of Tanaka (EX1011) .......................................................118
`2. Discussion of Sheha-Tanaka Combination .......................................120
`3. Mapping of Sheha-Tanaka Combination to Claims 8-9, 12, 14,
`and 25 ................................................................................................124
`D. Ground 4: Claims 15-17 Would Have Been Obvious over Sheha in
`view of Ganesh ........................................................................................132
`1. Discussion of Ganesh (EX1012) .......................................................133
`2. Discussion of Sheha-Ganesh Combination .......................................137
`3. Mapping of Sheha-Ganesh Combination to Claims 15-17 ...............139
`E. Ground 5: Claims 1-3, 6-10, 13-14, 18-21, 24-27, 30 Are
`Anticipated or Alternatively Obvious over Randall ................................141
`1. Discussion of Randall (EX1007).......................................................141
`2. Mapping of Randall to Claims 1-3, 6-10, 13-14, 18-21, 24-27,
`30 .......................................................................................................145
`F. Ground 6: Claim 12 Would Have Been Obvious over Randall in
`View of De-Vries.....................................................................................181
`1. Discussion of De-Vries (EX1013) ....................................................182
`2. Randall-De-Vries Combination .........................................................182
`3. Mapping of Randall-De-Vries Combination to Claim 12 .................183
`G. Ground 7: Claims 3, 10, 15-17, 21, 27 Would Have Been Obvious
`over Randall in View of Wollrab ............................................................183
`1. Wollrab (EX1014) .............................................................................184
`2. Randall-Wollrab Combination ..........................................................184
`
`– ii –
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`

`

`3. Mapping Randall-Wollrab Combination to Claims 3, 10, 15-17,
`21, 27 .................................................................................................185
`H. Ground 8: Claims 4-5, 11, 17, 22-23, 28-29 Would Have Been
`Obvious over Randall in View of Ryden ................................................192
`1. Randall-Ryden Combination .............................................................192
`2. Mapping of Randall-Ryden Combination to Claims 4-5, 11, 17,
`22-23, 28-29 ......................................................................................193
`I. Ground 9: Claims 15-17 Would Have Been Obvious over Randall
`in View of Ganesh ...................................................................................199
`1. Randall-Ganesh Combination ...........................................................199
`2. Mapping of Randall-Ganesh to Claims 15-17 ..................................202
`IX. COMMENTS ON MULLEN’S CHARACTIZATIONS OF MY
`DEPOSITION TESTIMONY CITED IN IPR2023-00090, PAPER 15 .......204
`X. CLAIM LISTING ..........................................................................................221
`
`
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`
`
`– iii –
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`

`

`TABLE OF CONTENTS (FULL)
`
`PERSONAL AND PROFESSIONAL BACKGROUND ................................. 1
`I.
`II. MATERIALS REVIEWED AND CONSIDERED ........................................ 11
`III. MY UNDERSTANDING OF PATENT LAW ............................................... 12
`A. Anticipation ............................................................................................... 14
`B. Obviousness ............................................................................................... 15
`IV. PERSON OF ORDINARY SKILL IN THE ART (“POSA”) ......................... 18
`V. THE ’418 PATENT ......................................................................................... 20
`A. Specification Embodiments ....................................................................... 20
`B. Prosecution History of the ’418 Patent ...................................................... 23
`C. The Challenged Claims ............................................................................. 24
`VI. CLAIM INTERPRETATION ......................................................................... 25
`VII. PRIOR-ART REFERENCES .......................................................................... 25
`A. Background on Motivation to Combine and Reasonable
`Expectation of Success in Combining Prior Art ....................................... 25
`B. Sheha (EX1005) ........................................................................................ 31
`C. Randall (EX1007) ...................................................................................... 42
`D. Ryden (EX1009) ........................................................................................ 46
`E. Tanaka (EX1011) ...................................................................................... 55
`F. Ganesh (EX1012) ...................................................................................... 55
`G. Wollrab (EX1014) ..................................................................................... 56
`H. De-Vries (EX1013).................................................................................... 56
`VIII. THE CHALLENGED CLAIMS ARE UNPATENTABLE IN LIGHT
`OF THE PRIOR ART IDENTIFIED IN THE PETITION ............................. 57
`A. Ground 1: Claims 1-3, 6-7, 10, 13, 18-21, 24, 26-27, and 30 Are
`Anticipated or Alternatively Obvious over Sheha .................................... 58
`1. Discussion of Sheha (EX1005) ........................................................... 58
`2. Mapping of Sheha to Claims 1-3, 6-7, 10, 13, 18-21, 24, 26-27,
`and 30 .................................................................................................. 60
`a. Claim 1 ........................................................................................ 61
`
`– iv –
`
`

`

`i. Element [1PRE]: A system comprising: ............................. 61
`ii. Element [1A]: a first wireless device, wherein a
`location of said first wireless device is operable of
`being determined and provided to a remote system, .......... 61
`iii. Element [1B]: said location of said first wireless
`device is operable of being requested by a second
`wireless device outside of a call for communication
`between said first wireless device and said second
`wireless device, ................................................................... 63
`iv. Element [1C]: a permission is operable of being
`provided by said first wireless device for said second
`wireless device to access location information about
`said location, ....................................................................... 64
`v. Element [1D]: said permission is operable of being
`stored in said remote system, wherein said remote
`system is located remotely from said first and second
`wireless devices, ................................................................. 75
`vi. Element [1E]: said location information about said
`location is operable of being provided from said
`remote system to said second wireless device in
`accordance with said permission outside of said call, ........ 79
`vii. Element [1F]: wherein said first wireless device is
`operable of providing a first map provided with
`respect to said location. ....................................................... 79
`b. Claim 2: The system of claim 1, wherein said first and
`second wireless devices are wireless telephones. ....................... 85
`c. Claim 3: The system of claim 1, wherein said second
`wireless device displays a map with a location marker
`associated with said location. ...................................................... 87
`d. Claim 6: The system of claim 1, wherein said permission
`is operable of being removed, by said first wireless device,
`for said second wireless device to obtain said location. ............. 91
`e. Claim 7: The system of claim 1, wherein said location is
`determined by a positioning system that receives signals
`from a plurality of positioning satellites, said location is
`
`– v –
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`

`

`updated by said positioning system, and said updated
`location is provided to said remote system. ................................ 92
`f. Claim 10: The system of claim 1, wherein a second
`location is associated with said second wireless device and
`said location of said first wireless device is displayed
`relative to said second location of said second wireless
`device. ......................................................................................... 93
`g. Claim 13: The system of claim 1, wherein said permission
`is assigned for a period of time. .................................................. 94
`h. Claim 18 ...................................................................................... 94
`i. Element [18PRE]: A system comprising: .......................... 95
`ii. Element [18A]: a first wireless device, wherein a first
`location of said first wireless device is operable of
`being determined ................................................................. 95
`iii. Element [18B]: a second location of a second
`wireless device is operable of being determined ................ 96
`iv. Element [18C]: said first and second locations are
`operable of being provided to a server, wherein said
`server is located remotely from said first and second
`wireless devices, ................................................................. 96
`v. Element [18D]: said first location is operable of
`being requested by said second wireless device
`outside of a call for communication between said first
`wireless device and said second wireless device, ............... 97
`vi. Element [18E]: said second location is operable of
`being requested by said first wireless device ...................... 97
`vii. Element [18F]: a first permission is operable of
`being provided by said first wireless device for said
`second wireless device to obtain said first location ............ 98
`viii. Element [18G]: a second permission is operable of
`being provided by said second wireless device for
`said first wireless device to obtain said second
`location ................................................................................ 98
`ix. Element [18H]: said first and second permissions are
`operable of being stored on said server, ............................. 99
`
`– vi –
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`

`

`x. Element [18I]: said first location from said server is
`operable of being provided to said second wireless
`device as a result of said first permission outside of
`said call, ............................................................................ 100
`xi. Element [18J]: and said second location is operable
`of being provided from said server to said first
`wireless device as a result of said second permission, ..... 100
`xii. Element [18K]: wherein said first wireless device is
`operable of providing a first map from a perspective
`of said first wireless device. .............................................. 101
`i. Claim 19 .................................................................................... 101
`i. Element [19PRE]: A system comprising: ........................ 102
`ii. Element [19A]: a first wireless device operable of
`determining a first location of said first wireless
`device ................................................................................ 102
`iii. Element [19B]: a second location of a second
`wireless device, is operable of being determined ............. 103
`iv. Element [19C]: said first and second locations are
`operable of being provided to a server, said server is
`located remotely from said first and second wireless
`devices,.............................................................................. 103
`v. Element [19D]: said first location is operable of
`being requested by said second wireless device
`outside of a call for communication between said first
`wireless device and said second wireless device, ............. 103
`vi. Element [19E]: said second location is operable of
`being requested by said first wireless device, ................... 103
`vii. Element [19F]: a first permission is operable of
`being provided by said first wireless device for said
`second wireless device to obtain said first location, ......... 104
`viii. Element [19G]: a second permission is operable of
`being provided by said second wireless device for
`said first wireless device to obtain said second
`location, ............................................................................. 104
`
`– vii –
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`

`

`ix. Element [19H]: said first and second permissions are
`operable of being stored on said server, ........................... 104
`x. Element [19I]: said first location is operable of being
`provided from said server to said second wireless
`device as a result of said first permission outside of
`said call, ............................................................................ 105
`xi. Element [19J]: said second location is operable of
`being provided from said server to said first wireless
`device as a result of said second permission, ................... 105
`xii. Elements [19K]-[19L]: updates of said first location
`are operable of being provided to said second
`wireless device as a result of said first permission,
`updates of said second location are operable of being
`provided to said first wireless device as a result of
`said second permission, .................................................... 105
`xiii. Element [19M]: wherein said first wireless device is
`operable of providing a first map from a perspective
`of said first location. ......................................................... 106
`j. Claim 20: The system of claim 18, wherein said first and
`second wireless devices are wireless telephones. ..................... 107
`k. Claim 21: The system of claim 18, wherein said second
`wireless device displays a map with a location marker
`associated with said first location. ............................................ 107
`l. Claim 24: The system of claim 18, wherein said first
`permission is operable of being removed, by said first
`wireless device, for said second wireless device to obtain
`said first location. ...................................................................... 107
`m. Claim 26: The system of claim 19, wherein said first and
`second wireless devices are wireless telephones. ..................... 108
`n. Claim 27: The system of claim 19, wherein said second
`wireless device displays a map with a location marker
`associated with said first location. ............................................ 108
`o. Claim 30: The system of claim 19, wherein said first
`permission is operable of being removed, by said first
`wireless device, for said second wireless device to obtain
`said first location. ...................................................................... 108
`
`– viii –
`
`

`

`B. Ground 2: Claims 4-5, 11, 17, 22-23, and 28-29 Would Have Been
`Obvious over Sheha in View of Ryden ...................................................109
`1. Discussion of Ryden (EX1009) .........................................................109
`2. Discussion of Sheha-Ryden Combination ........................................110
`3. Mapping of Sheha-Ryden Combination to Claims 4-5, 11, 22-
`23, and 28-29 .....................................................................................113
`a. Claim 4: The system of claim 1, wherein a speed said first
`wireless device is traveling is operable of being
`determined. Claim 5: The system of claim 1, wherein a
`direction said first wireless device is traveling is operable
`of being determined. ................................................................. 113
`b. Claim 11: The system of claim 1, wherein a direction that
`said second wireless device is traveling in is operable of
`being displayed. ........................................................................ 115
`c. Claim 17: The system of claim 1, wherein said first
`wireless device is OFF when said location is provided to
`said second wireless device....................................................... 117
`d. Claim 22: The system of claim 18, wherein a speed of
`said first wireless device is traveling is operable of being
`determined. ................................................................................ 117
`e. Claim 23: The system of claim 18, wherein the direction
`said first wireless device is traveling is operable of being
`determined. ................................................................................ 117
`f. Claim 28: The system of claim 19, wherein a speed said
`first wireless device is traveling is operable of being
`determined. ................................................................................ 118
`g. Claim 29: The system of claim 19, wherein the direction
`said first wireless device is traveling is operable of being
`determined. ................................................................................ 118
`C. Ground 3: Claims 8-9, 12, 14, and 25 Would Have Been Obvious
`over Sheha in view of Tanaka .................................................................118
`1. Discussion of Tanaka (EX1011) .......................................................118
`2. Discussion of Sheha-Tanaka Combination .......................................120
`3. Mapping of Sheha-Tanaka Combination to Claims 8-9, 12, 14,
`and 25 ................................................................................................124
`
`– ix –
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`

`

`a. Claim 8: The system of claim 1, wherein said second
`wireless device is operable of being alerted when said first
`wireless device is within a distance of said second wireless
`device. ....................................................................................... 124
`b. Claim 9: The system of claim 1, wherein: ............................... 126
`i. Elements [9A]-[9B]: [9A] a first dating matching
`profile is operable of being provided by said first
`wireless device; [9B] a second dating matching
`profile is operable of being provided by said second
`wireless device .................................................................. 126
`ii. Element [9C]: a second location is operable of being
`obtained, wherein said second location is the location
`of said second wireless device; and .................................. 127
`iii. Element [9D]: said location, said second location,
`said first dating matching profile, and said second
`dating matching profile is operable of being utilized
`to provide an alert ............................................................. 128
`c. Claim 12: The system of claim 1, wherein said second
`wireless device is operable of being allowed to set location
`alerts associated with said first wireless device. ....................... 129
`d. Claim 14: The system of claim 1, wherein said second
`wireless device is operable of being alerted when said first
`wireless device enters a geographic region. .............................. 131
`e. Claim 25: The system of claim 18, wherein said second
`wireless device is operable of being alerted when said first
`wireless device is within a distance of said second wireless
`device. ....................................................................................... 132
`D. Ground 4: Claims 15-17 Would Have Been Obvious over Sheha in
`view of Ganesh ........................................................................................132
`1. Discussion of Ganesh (EX1012) .......................................................133
`2. Discussion of Sheha-Ganesh Combination .......................................137
`3. Mapping of Sheha-Ganesh Combination to Claims 15-17 ...............139
`a. Claim 15: The system of claim 1, wherein said facility
`stores a history of locations for said first wireless device. ....... 139
`
`– x –
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`

`b. Claim 16: The system of claim 1, wherein said server
`stores a history of locations for said first wireless device
`and said history is utilized to provide an approximate
`location of said first wireless device. ........................................ 140
`c. Claim 17: The system of claim 1, wherein said first
`wireless device is OFF when said location is provided to
`said second wireless device....................................................... 140
`E. Ground 5: Claims 1-3, 6-10, 13-14, 18-21, 24-27, 30 Are
`Anticipated or Alternatively Obvious over Randall ................................141
`1. Discussion of Randall (EX1007).......................................................141
`2. Mapping of Randall to Claims 1-3, 6-10, 13-14, 18-21, 24-27,
`30 .......................................................................................................145
`a. Claim 1 ...................................................................................... 145
`i. Element [1PRE] A system comprising: ........................... 145
`ii. Element [1A] a first wireless device, wherein a
`location of said first wireless device is operable of
`being determined and provided to a remote system, ........ 146
`iii. Element [1B] said location of said first wireless
`device is operable of being requested by a second
`wireless device outside of a call for communication
`between said first wireless device and said second
`wireless device, ................................................................. 150
`iv. Element [1C] a permission is operable of being
`provided by said first wireless device for said second
`wireless device to access location information about
`said location, ..................................................................... 151
`v. Element [1D] said permission is operable of being
`stored in said remote system, wherein said remote
`system is located remotely from said first and second
`wireless devices, ............................................................... 153
`vi. Element [1E] said location information about said
`location is operable of being provided from said
`remote system to said second wireless device in
`accordance with said permission outside of said call, ...... 154
`
`– xi –
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`

`

`vii. Element [1F] wherein said first wireless device is
`operable of providing a first map provided with
`respect to said location. ..................................................... 155
`b. Claim 2: The system of claim 1, wherein said first and
`second wireless devices are wireless telephones. ..................... 156
`c. Claim 3: The system of claim 1, wherein said second
`wireless device displays a map with a location marker
`associated with said location. .................................................... 156
`d. Claim 6: The system of claim 1, wherein said permission
`is operable of being removed, by said first wireless device,
`for said second wireless device to obtain said location. ........... 157
`e. Claim 7: The system of claim 1, wherein said location is
`determined by a positioning system that receives signals
`from a plurality of positioning satellites, said location is
`updated by said positioning system, and said updated
`location is provided to said remote system. .............................. 158
`f. Claim 8: The system of claim 1, wherein said second
`wireless device is operable of being alerted when said first
`wireless device is within a distance of said second wireless
`device. ....................................................................................... 160
`g. Claim 9: ..................................................................................... 161
`i. Element [9A] a first dating matching profile is
`operable of being provided by said first wireless
`device; ............................................................................... 161
`ii. Element [9B] a second dating matching profile is
`operable of being provided by said second wireless
`device; ............................................................................... 162
`iii. Element [9C] a second location is operable of being
`obtained, wherein said second location is the location
`of said second wireless device; and .................................. 162
`iv. Element [9D] said location, said second location,
`said first dating matching profile, and said second
`dating matching profile is operable of being utilized
`to provide an alert. ............................................................ 162
`h. Claim 10: The system of claim 1, wherein a second
`location is associated with said second wireless device and
`
`– xii –
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`

`said location of said first wireless device is displayed
`relative to said second location of said second wireless
`device. ....................................................................................... 163
`i. Claim 13: The system of claim 1, wherein said permission
`is assigned for a period of time. ................................................ 163
`j. Claim 14: The system of claim 1, wherein said second
`wireless device is operable of being alerted when said first
`wireless device enters a geographic region. .............................. 164
`k. Claim 18 .................................................................................... 164
`i. Element [18PRE]: A system comprising: ........................ 166
`ii. Element [18A]: a first wireless device, wherein a first
`location of said first wireless device is operable of
`being determined, .............................................................. 166
`iii. Element [18B]: a second location of a second
`wireless device is operable of being determined, ............. 166
`iv. Element [18C]: said first and second locations are
`operable of being provided to a server, wherein said
`server is located remotely from said first and second
`wireless devices, ............................................................... 167
`v. Element [18D]: said first location is operable of
`being requested by said second wireless device
`outside of a call for communication between said first
`wireless device and said second wireless device, ............. 169
`vi. Element [18E]: said second location is operable of
`being requested by said first wireless device .................... 169
`vii. Element [18F]: a first permission is operable of
`being provided by said first wireless device for said
`second wireless device to obtain said first location .......... 170
`viii. Element [18G]: a second permission is operable of
`being provided by said second wireless device for
`said first wireless device to obtain said second
`location .............................................................................. 170
`ix. Element [18H]: said first and second permissions are
`operable of being stored on said server, ........................... 171
`
`– xiii –
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`

`

`x. Element [18I]: said first location from said server is
`operable of being provided to said second wireless
`device as a result of said first permission outside of
`said call, ............................................................................ 172
`xi. Element [18J]: and said second location is operable
`of being provided from said server to said first
`wireless device as a result of said second permission, ..... 172
`xii. Element [18K]: wherein said first wireless device is
`operable of providing a first map from a perspective
`of said first wireless device. .............................................. 173
`l. Claim 19 .................................................................................... 174
`i. Element [19PRE]: A system comprising: ........................ 174
`ii. Element [19A]: a first wireless device operable of
`determining a first location of said first wireless
`device, ............................................................................... 174
`iii. Element [19B]: a second location of a second
`wireless device, is operable of being determined, ............ 175
`iv. Element [19C]: said first and second locations are
`operable of being provided to a server, said server is
`located remotely from said first and second wireless
`devices,.............................................................................. 175
`v. Element [19D]: said first location is operable of
`being requested by said second wireless device
`outside of a call for communication between said first
`wireless device and said second wireless device, ............. 175
`vi. Element [19E]: said second location is operable of
`being requested by said first wireless device, ................... 176
`vii. Element [19F]: a first permission is operable of
`being provided by said first wireless device for said
`second wireless device to obtain said f