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`APOTEX v. CELGENE
`IPR2023-00512
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`

`

`21 ST EDITION
`
`Remington
`
`The Science and Practice
`of Pharmacy
`
`

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`21 ST EDITION
`
`Remington
`
`The Science and Practice
`of Pharmacy
`
`,~ LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
`•
`A Wolters Kluwer Company
`Philadelphia • Baltimore• New York• London
`Buenos Aires • Hong Kong • Sydney • Tokyo
`
`

`

`Editor: David Troy
`Managing Editor: Matthew J. Hauber
`
`Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
`
`351 West Camden Street
`Baltimore, Maryland 21201-2436 USA
`
`227 East Washington Square
`Philadelphia, PA 19106
`
`All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. o part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any means,
`including photocopying, or utilized by any information storage and retrieval system without written permission from the copy(cid:173)
`right owner.
`
`The publisher is not responsible (as a matter of product liability, negligence or otherwise) for any injury resulting from any
`material contained herein. This publication contains information relating to general principles of medical care which should not
`be construed as specific instructions for individual patients. Manufacturer's product information and package inserts should be
`reviewed for current information, including contraindications, dosages and precautions.
`
`Printed in the United States of America
`
`Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1885 by Joseph P Remington, in the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at
`Washington DC
`
`Copyright 1889, 1894, 1905, 1907, 1917, by Joseph P Remington
`
`Copyright 1926, 1936, by the Joseph P Remington Estate
`
`Copyright 1948, 1951, by the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy and Science
`
`Copyright 1956, 1960, 1965, 1970, 1975, 1980, 1985, 1990, 1995, by the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy and Science
`
`Copyright 2000, 2005, by the University of the Sciences in Philadelphia
`
`All Rights Reserved
`Library of Congress Catalog Card Information is available
`ISB 0-683-306472
`
`The publishers have made every effort to trace the copyright holders for borrowed material. If they have inadvertently overlooked
`any, they will be pleased to mahe the necessary arrangements at the first opportunity.
`
`The use of structural formulas from USAN and the USP Dictionary of Drug Names is by permission of The USP Convention. The
`Convention is not responsible for any inaccuracy contained herein.
`
`Notice-This text is not intended to represent, nor shall it be interpreted to be, the equivalent of or a substitute for the official
`United States Pharmacopeia (USP) and/or the National Formulary (NF). In the event of any difference or discrepancy between the
`current official USP or NF standards of strength, quality, purity, pachaging and labeling for drugs and representations of them
`herein, the context and effect of the offi.cial compendia shall prevail.
`
`To purchase additional copies of this book call our customer service department at (800) 638-3030 or fax orders to (301)
`824-7390. International customers should call (301) 714-2324.
`
`02 03 04
`2345678910
`
`

`

`Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy . .. A treatise on the theory
`and practice of the pharmaceutical sciences, with essential
`information about pharmaceutical and medicinal agents,· also, a
`guide to the professional responsibilities of the pharmacist as the
`drug information specialist of the health team . .. A textbook and
`reference work for pharmacists, physicians, and other practitioners of
`the pharmaceutical and medical sciences.
`
`EDITORIAL BOARD
`
`Paul Beringer
`
`Ara DerMarderosian
`
`Linda Felton
`
`Steven Gelone
`
`Pardeep K. Gupta
`
`John E. Hoover
`
`Nicholas G. Popovick
`
`William J. Reilly, Jr
`
`Alfonso R. Gennaro
`
`Randy Hendrickson, Chair
`
`AUTHORS
`
`The 133 chapters of this edition of Remington were written by
`
`the editors, by members of the Editorial Board, and by the au(cid:173)
`
`thors listed on pages xi to xv.
`
`Director
`
`Philip P Gerbino 1995-2005
`
`Twenty-first Edition- 2005
`
`Published in the 185th year of the
`PHILADELPHIA COLLEGE OF PHARMACY AND SCIENCE
`
`

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`Remington Historical/Biographical Data
`
`The following is a record of the editors and the dates of publi(cid:173)
`cation of successive editions of this book, prior to the 13th
`Edition known as Remington's Practice of Pharmacy and sub(cid:173)
`sequently as Remington's Pharmadeutical Sciences trhough
`the 20th edition.
`
`First Edition, 1886
`Second Edition, 1889
`Third Edition, 1897
`Fourth Edit ion, 1905
`Joseph P. Remington
`
`Fifth Edition, 1907
`Sixth Edition, 1917
`Joseph P. Remington
`
`Seventh Edition, 1926
`Editors
`E. Fullerton Cook
`Charles H. LaW all
`
`Eighth Edition, 1936
`Editors
`E. Fullerton Cook
`Charles H . LaWall
`
`Ninth Edition, 1948
`Tenth Edit ion, 1951
`Editors
`E. Fullerton Cook
`Eric W. Martin
`
`Eleventh Edition, 1956
`Editors
`Eric W. Martin
`E. Fullerton Cook
`
`Twelfth Edition, 1961
`Editors
`Eric W. Martin
`E. Fullerton Cook
`E. Emerson Leuallen
`Arthur Osol
`Linwood F. Tice
`Clarence T. Van Meter
`
`Assisted by
`E. Fullerton Cook
`
`Associated Editors
`Ivor Griffith
`ichols
`Adley B.
`Arthur Osol
`
`Associated Editors
`E. Emerson Leuallen
`Arthur Osol
`Linwood F . Tice
`Clarence T. Van Meter
`
`Assistant to the Editors
`John E. Hoover
`
`Thirteenth Edition, 1 965
`Editor-in-Chief
`Eric W. Martin
`Editors
`Grafton D. Chase
`Herald R. Cox
`Richard A. Deno
`Alfonso R. Gennaro
`Stewart C. Harvey
`
`Managing Editor
`John E. Hoover
`
`Robert E. King
`E. Emerson Leuallen
`Author Osol
`Ewart A. Swinyard
`Clarence T. Van Meter
`
`Fourteenth Edition, 1970
`Chairman, Editorial Board Managing Editor
`Arthur Osol
`John E. Hoover
`Editors
`Grafton D. Chase
`Richard A. Deno
`Alfonso R. Gennaro
`Melvin R. Gibson
`Stewart C. Harvey
`
`Robert E. King
`Alfred
`. Martin
`Ewart A. Swinyard
`Clarence T. Van Meter
`
`Fifteenth Edition, 1975
`Chairman, Editorial Board
`Arthur Osol
`Editors
`John T. Anderson
`Cecil L. Bendush
`Grafton D. Chase
`Alfonso R. Gennaro
`Melvin R. Gibson
`
`Sixteenth Edition, 1980
`Chairman, Editorial Board
`Arthur Osol
`Editors
`Grafton D. Chase
`Alfonso R. Gennaro
`Melvin R. Gibson
`
`Seventeenth Edition, 1985
`Chairman, Editorial Board
`Alfonso R. Gennaro
`Editors
`Grafton D. Chase
`Ara H . DerMarderosian
`Stewart C. Harvey
`Daniel A. Hussar
`Thomas Medwick
`
`Eighteenth Edition, 1990
`Chairman, Editorial Board
`Alfonso R. Gennaro
`
`Editors
`Grafton D. Chase
`Ara H . DerMarderosian
`Stewart C. Harvey
`Daniel A. Hussar
`Thomas Medwick
`
`Managing Editor
`John E. Hoover
`
`C. Boyd Granberg
`Stewart C. Harvey
`Robert E. King
`. Martin
`Alfred
`Ewart A. Swinyard
`
`C. Boyd Granberg
`Stewart C. Harvey
`Robert E. King
`Alfred
`. Martin
`Ewart A. Swinyard
`Gilbert L. Zink
`
`Managing Editor
`John E. Hoover
`
`Edward G. Rippie
`Joseph B. Schwartz
`Ewart A. Swinyard
`Gilbert L. Zink
`
`Managing Editor
`John E. Hoover
`Editorial Assistant
`Bonnie Packer
`
`Edward G. Rippie
`Joseph B. Schwartz
`Ewart A. Swinyard
`Gilbert L. Zink
`
`vii
`
`

`

`viii
`
`REMINGTON HISTORICAUBIOGRAPHICAL DATA
`
`Nineteenth Edition, 1995
`Chairman, Editorial Board
`Alfonso R. Gennaro
`
`Editors
`Grafton D. Ch ase
`Ara H. DerMarderosian
`Glen R. Hanson
`Daniel A. Hussar
`Thomas Medwick
`
`Managing Editor
`John E. Hoover
`Editorial Assistant
`Bonnie Packer
`
`Edward G. Rippie
`Joseph B. Schwartz
`H. Steve White
`Gilbert L. Zink
`
`Twentieth Edition, 2000
`Chairman, Editorial Board
`Alfonso R. Gennaro
`
`Editors
`Ara DerMarderosian
`Glen R. Hanson
`Thomas Medwick
`icholas G. Popovich
`
`Managing Editor
`John E. Hoover
`Editorial Assistant
`Bonnie Packer
`
`Roger L. Schnaare
`Joseph B. Schwartz
`H. Steve White
`
`

`

`Editorial Board
`
`Paul Beringer, PharmD, BCPS
`Associate Professor, Department of Pharmacy
`USC School of Pharmacy
`Los Angeles, CA
`Section Editor for Part 6
`Ara DerMarderosian, PhD
`Professor of Phru·macognosy
`Research Professor of Medicinal Chemistry
`University of the Sciences in Philadelphia
`Philadelphia, PA
`Section Editor for Pru·t 1
`Linda Felton, PhD, BSPharm, RPh
`Associate Professor of Phru·maceutics
`University of New Mexico
`College of Pharmacy
`Albuquer que, M
`Section Editor for Pru·t 5
`Steven Gelone, PharmD
`Consultant
`AGE Consultants
`Wyndmoor, PA
`Section Editor for Part 7
`Alfonso R Gennaro, PhD
`Professor Emeritus of Chemistry
`University of the Sciences in Philadelphia
`Philadelphia, PA
`Section Editor for Part 7
`
`Pardeep K Gupta, PhD
`Associate Professor of Pharmaceutics
`Director of BS Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences
`University of the Sciences in Philadelphia
`Philadelphia, PA
`Section Editor for Parts 3 and 4
`
`John E Hoover, BSc (Pharm)
`Consultant, Biomedical Communications
`Swarthmore, PA
`Consulting Editor and Indexer
`
`Nicholas G Popovich, PhD
`Professor and Head
`Department of Pharmacy Administration
`University of Illinois at Chicago
`College of Phru·macy
`Chicago, IL
`Section Editor for Part 8
`
`William J Reilly, Jr, MBA
`K.W. Tunnell Consulting
`King of Prussia, PA
`Section Editor for Part 2
`
`Randy Hendrickson, MPP
`Advanced Concepts Institute
`University of the Sciences in Philadelphia
`Philadelphia, PA
`Editor
`
`ix
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`Authors
`
`Marie Abate, BS, PharmD / Professor of Clinical Pharmacy
`and Director, West Virginia Center for Drug and Health
`Information, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University.
`Chapter 9, Clinical Drug Literature
`Steven R Abel, PharmD, FASHP / Professor and Head,
`Department of Pharmacy Practice, Purdue University
`School of Pharmacy and Pharmacal Sciences. Chapter 100,
`Professional Communications
`Bradley L Ackermann, PhD / Research Advisor, Lilly
`Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly & Co. Chapter 34, Instru(cid:173)
`mental Methods of Analysis
`Mignon S Adams, MSLS / Associate Professor of Information
`Science; Chair of the Department of Information Science;
`Director of Library and Information Services, University of
`the Sciences in Philadelphia. Chapter 8, Information
`Resources in Pharmacy and the Pharmaceutical Sciences
`Michael J Akers, PhD / Director of Pharmaceutical Research
`and Development, Baxter Pharmaceutical Solutions, LLC.
`Chapter 41, Parenteral Solutions
`Adam W G Alani, MSc I Research Assistant, School of
`Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison. Chapter 47,
`Extended-Release and Targeted Drug Delivery Systems
`Loyd V Allen, Jr, PhD / Professor Emeritus, Department of
`Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutics, College of Phar(cid:173)
`macy, University of Oklahoma and Editor-In-Chief, Inter(cid:173)
`national Journal of Pharmaceutical Compounding. Chapter
`105, Extemporaneous Prescription Compounding
`Heidi M Anderson, PhD / Professor and Assistant Dean,
`Education Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of
`Kentucky. Chapter 97, Patient Communication
`Howard Y Ando, PhD / Director of Candidate Enabling
`and Development, Pfizer Global Research and Develop(cid:173)
`ment. Chapter 38 , Property-Based Drug Design and
`Preformulation
`R Jayachandra Babu, PhD / Research Associate , College
`of Pharmacy, Florida A&M University. Chapter 33,
`Chromatography
`Thomas A Barbolt, PhD, DABT / Senior Research Fellow,
`ETHICO
`, Somerville, J . Chapter 109, Surgical Supplies
`Kenneth N Barker, PhD/ Distinguished Sterling Professor
`and Director, Center for Pharmacy Operations and Design,
`Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University. Chapter
`95, Technology and Automation
`Sara J Beis, MS, RPh / Consultant, Akron, OH. Chapter 112,
`Re-Engineering Pharmacy Practice
`Robert W Bennett, MS, RPh / Associate Professor of Clinical
`Pharmacy; Director, Pharmacy Continuing Education, De(cid:173)
`partment of Pharmacy Practice, Purdue University School of
`Pharmacy. Chapter 112, Re-Engineering Pharmacy Practice
`Paul M Beringer, PharmD / Associate Professor of Clinical
`Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy , University of Southern
`California. Chapter 59 Clinical Pharmacokinetics and
`Pharmacodynamics
`Richard J Bertin, PhD, RPh / Executive Director, Board of
`Pharmaceutical Specialties, Wa shington, DC. Chapter 120,
`Specialization in Pharmacy Practice
`Lawrence H Block, PhD / Professor of Pharmaceutics, Mylan
`School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University. Chapter 23,
`Rheology and Chapter 44, Medicated Topicals
`Allan D Bokser, PhD / Associate Director of Analytical
`Development,
`eurocrine Biosciences, Inc. Chapter 52,
`Stability of Pharmaceutical Products
`Sanford Bolton, PhD / Visiting Professor, College of
`Pharmacy, University of Arizona. Chapter 12, Statistics
`
`Michael R Borenstein, RPh, PhD / Associate Professor and
`Chairman, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
`Temple University School of Pharmacy. Chapter 78,
`General Anesthetics; Chapter 85, Central Nervous System
`Stimulants
`Joseph I Boullata, PharmD, BCNSP / Professor of
`Pharmacy Practice, Temple University School of Pharmacy.
`Chapter 92, Nutrients and Associated Substances
`Bill J Bowman, PhD, RPh / Assistant Professor of
`Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy-Glendale,
`Midwestern University. Chapter 21, Colloidal Dispersions;
`Chapter 26, Natural Products
`Leslie Ann Bowman, AMLS / Associate Professor of
`Information Science and Coordinator of Instructional
`Services, Joseph W England Library, University of the
`Sciences in Philadelphia. Chapter 8, Information Resources
`in Pharmacy and the Pharmaceutical Sciences
`Cynthia A Burman, BS, PharmD / Medical Information
`Scientist, GlaxoSmithKline, Philadelphia, PA. Chapter 75 ,
`Diuretic Drugs
`Paul M Bummer, PhD/ Associate Professor of Pharmaceuti(cid:173)
`cal Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky.
`Chapter 20, Interf acial Phenomena
`Daniel J Canney, PhD / Associate Professor of Medicinal
`Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
`Temple University School of Pharmacy. Chapter 71 ,
`Cholinomimetic Drugs and Chapter 73, Antimuscarinic and
`Antispasmodic Drugs
`Bradley C Cannon, PharmD I Clinical Assistant Professor,
`University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Pharmacy. Chap(cid:173)
`ter 122, Development of a Pharmacy Care Plan and Patient
`Problem Solving
`F Lee Cantrell, PharmD / Assistant Clinical Professor of
`Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of California,
`San Francisco, San Diego Program; Assistant Director, San
`Diego Division, California Poison Control System, Univer(cid:173)
`sity of California San Diego Medical Center. Chapter 103,
`Poison Control
`Ajai Chaudhary, MPharm, PhD I Head, Drug Disposition,
`Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly & Co. Chapter 34,
`Instrumental Methods of Analysis
`Amy Christopher, MS I Assistant Professor of Information
`Science and Web Manager, University of the Sciences
`in Philadelphia . Chapter 8, Information Resources in
`Pharmacy and the Pharmaceutical Sciences
`Michael M Crowley, PhD I Vice President, Drug Delivery
`Technology and Manufacturing Services, PharmaForm,
`LLC. Chapter 39, Solutions, Emulsions, Suspensions, and
`Extracts
`Ara H DerMarderosian, PhD / Professor of Pharmacognosy;
`Research Professor of Medicinal Chemistry, University of
`the Sciences in Philadelphia. Chapter 7, Pharmacists and
`Public Health; Chapter 49, Biotechnology and Drugs;
`Chapter 93, Pesticides; Chapter 132, Complementary and
`Alternative Medical Health Care
`Xuan Ding, PhD I School of Pharmacy, University of Wiscon(cid:173)
`sin-Madison. Chapter 4 7, Extended-Release and Targeted
`Drug Delivery Systems
`Clarence A Discher, PhD/ Deceased. Chapter 24, Inorganic
`Pharmaceutical Chemistry
`William R Doucette, PhD I Associate Professor, Director for
`the Center to Improve Medication Use in the Community,
`College of Pharmacy, The University of Iowa. Chapter 116,
`Marheting Pharmaceutical Care Services
`
`xi
`
`

`

`xii
`
`AUTHORS
`
`Teresa Pete Dowling, PharmD I Director, Promotional
`Regulatory Affairs, AstraZeneca LP. Chapter 5,Pha,macists
`in Indust1y
`G L Drusano, MD I Co-Director, Ordway Research Institute.
`Chapter 63, Pha,macokinetics I Pharmacodynamics in Drug
`Development
`John E Enders, PhD, MBA I Director of Q.uality Assurance,
`Delmont Laboratories, Swarthmore, PA. Chapter 51,
`Quality Assurance and Control
`Sharon Murphy Enright, MBA, RPh / President, Envision
`ew Berlin, WI. Chapter 102, Providing a
`Change, LLC,
`Framework for Ensuring Medication Use Safety
`Donald O Fedder, DrPH, FAPhA, BOCO I Professor,
`Pharmaceutical Health Services Research and Epidemiol(cid:173)
`ogy and Preventive Medicine , University of Maryland
`Schools of Pharmacy and Medicine. Chapter 110, Health
`Accessories
`Bill G Felkey, MS / Professor, Pharmacy Care Systems,
`Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University. Chapter
`95, Technology and Automation
`Linda A Felton, PhD I Associate Professor of Pharmaceutics,
`ew Mexico Health
`College of Pharmacy, University of
`Sciences Center. Chapter 37, Powders; Chapter 48, The New
`Drug Approval Process and Clinical Trial Design
`Joseph L Fink DI, BS Pharm, JD I Vice President for
`Corporate Relations and Economic Outreach; Professor of
`Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky.
`Chapter 1, Scope of Pharmacy; Chapter 111, Laws
`Governing Pharmacy
`Michael R Franklin, PhD I Professor, Department of
`Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah. Chapter
`57, Drug Absorption, Action, and Disposition; Chapter 91,
`Enzymes
`Donald N Franz, PhD I Professor Emeritus, Department of
`Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah. Chapter
`57 Drug Absorption, Action, and Disposition
`Raymond E Galinsky, PharmD I Professor of Pharmaceu(cid:173)
`tics, School of Pharmacy and Pharmacal Sciences, Purdue
`University. Chapter 58 , Basic Pharmacokinetics and
`Pharmacodynamics
`Daniele K Gelone, PharmD I Assistant Professor of Clinical
`Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacy
`Administration, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, Univer(cid:173)
`sity of the Sciences in Philadelphia. Chapter 87, lmmunoac(cid:173)
`tive Drugs
`Steven P Gelone, PharmD I Consultant, AGE Consultants,
`Wyndmoor, PA. Chapter 88, Parasiticides; Chapter 89 ,
`Immunizing Agents; Chapter 90, Anti-Infectives
`Alfonso R Gennaro, PhD I Emeritus Professor, Department
`of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of the Sciences
`in Philadelphia. Chapter 25 , Organic Pharmaceutical
`Chemistry
`Doug Geraets, PharmD, FCCP, BCPS I Clinical Pharmacy
`Specialist-Ambulatory Care, Iowa City VA Medical Center;
`Adjunct Associate Professor, Clinical and Administrative
`Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, The University of Iowa .
`Chapter 121, Pharmacists and Disease State Management
`StevenJ Gilbert, RPh, PharmD(c) / excelleRx Inc., Philadel(cid:173)
`phia, PA. Chapter 4, The Practice of Community Pharmacy
`Martin C Gregory, BM, BCh, DPhil / Professor of Medicine,
`Division of
`ephrology, University of Utah School of
`Medicine. Chapter 56, Diseases: Manifestations and Patho(cid:173)
`physiology
`Pardeep K Gupta, PhD I Associate Professor, Philadelphia
`College of Pharmacy, University of the Sciences in
`Philadelphia. Chapter 16, Solutions and Phase Equilibria;
`Chapter 27, Drug Nomenclature USAN
`Amy Marie Haddad, PhD I Professor School of Pharmacy
`and Health Professions, Creighton University. Chapter 84,
`Application of Ethical Principles to Practice Dilemmas
`Dennis D Hager, RPh, PharmD(c) / excelleRx Inc., Philadel(cid:173)
`phia, PA. Chapter 4, The Practice of Community Pharmacy
`
`Donald E Hagman PhD I Vice President, Scientific Affairs,
`CardinalHealth, Inc. Chapter 40, Sterilization
`William A Hess, BSc Pharm I Captain and Pharmacist
`Director, FDA Center Consultant, United States Public
`Health Service. Chapter 6, Pharmacists in Government
`Gregory J Higby, PhD/ Director, American Institute of the
`History of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of
`Wisconsin-Madison. Chapter 2, Evohttion of Pharmacy
`James R Hildebrand ID, BS, PharmD I Director of Clinical
`Pharmacy, Alfred I du Pont Hospital for Children. Chapter
`9, Clinical Drug Literature
`William B Hladik ID, MS, FASHP, FAPhA / Associate
`Professor of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy,
`University of ew Mexico and Director, Australian Radio(cid:173)
`pharmacy etwork, Bristol-Myers Squibb Medical Imaging,
`Melbourne, Victoria, Australia . Chapter 29, Fundamentals
`of Medical Radionuclides
`Marlon Honeywell, PharmD I Associate Professor of
`Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Florida A&M
`University. Chapter 125, Diagnostic Self-Care
`John E Hoover, BSc Pharm, RPh / Consultant, Biomedical
`Communications. Chapter 66 , Gastrointestinal and Liver
`Drugs; Chapter 69, Respiratory Drugs; Chapter 74, Skeletal
`Muscl e Relaxants; Chapter 76, Uterine and Antimigraine
`Drugs; Chapter 81 , Antiepileptic Drugs; Chapter 84,
`Histamine and Antihistaminic Drugs
`Daniel A Hussar, PhD I Remington Professor of Pharmacy,
`Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, University of the
`Sciences in Philadelphia. Chapter 98, Patient Compliance
`and Chapter 104, Drug Interactions
`Michael F Imperato, PharmD / excelleRx Inc., Philadelphia,
`PA. Chapter 4, The Practice of Community Pharmacy
`Matthew K Ito, PharmD, FCCP, BCPS I Professor and Vice
`Chair of Pharmacy Practice, TJ Long School of Pharmacy
`and Health Sciences, University of the Pacific; Director,
`Cardiac Rehabilitation Cholesterol Clinic, San Diego VA
`Healthcare System. Chapter 121, Pharmacists and Disease
`State Management
`Timothy J Ives, PharmD, MPH, BCPS, FCCP I Associate
`Professor of Pharmacy and Medicine, School of Pharmacy,
`University of orth Carolina at Chapel Hill. Chapter 7,
`Pharmacists and Public Health
`Rajni Jani, PhD / Senior Director, Department of Pharma(cid:173)
`ceutics, Alcon Research, Ltd. Chapter 43, Ophthalmic
`Preparations
`Tara M Jenkins, MS, PharmD I Assistant Professor of
`Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, Hampton
`University. Chapter 125, Diagnostic Self-Care
`Steven B Johnson, PharmD I Division of Pharmaceutical
`Evaluation II, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville,
`MD. Chapter 53, Bioavailability and Bioequivalency Testing
`Robert Jordan, PharmD Candidate
`I College of
`Pharmacy- Glendale, Midwestern University. Chapter 26,
`Natural Products
`Calvin H Knowlton, RPh, MDiv, PhD, FACA I excelleRx
`Inc., Philadelphia , PA. Chapter 4, Th e Practice of Commu(cid:173)
`nity Pharmacy
`David J Kroll, PhD I Senior Research Pharmacologist, atu(cid:173)
`ral Products Laboratory, Research Triangle Institute (RTI).
`Chapter 49 , Biotechnology and Drugs
`Vijay Kumar, MS, MBA I Chief Operating Officer, Acura
`Pharmaceuticals. Chapter 35, Dissolution
`John C Lang, PhD I Director of Emerging Technologies, Alcon
`Research, Ltd. Chapter 43, Ophthalmic Preparations
`Arthur J Lawrence, PhD, RPh / Rear Admiral and Assistant
`Surgeon General, Deputy Assistant Secretary for Health
`Operations, United States Public Health Service. Chapter 6,
`Pharmacists in Government
`Eric J Lien, PhD / Professor of Pharmacy/Pharmaceutics and
`Biomedicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy University of
`Southern California. Chapter 13, Molecular Structure, Prop(cid:173)
`erties, and States of Matter
`
`

`

`Hetty A Lima, RPh, FASHP I Vice President, Marketing,
`Caremark, Inc. Chapter 130, Aseptic Processing for Home
`Infusion Pharmaceuticals
`Sylvia H Liu, BVM, DACVP / Vice President, Research and
`J. Chapter 109,
`Development, ETHICO
`, Somerville,
`Surgical Supplies
`Stan G Louie, PharmD / Associate Professor of Pharmacy,
`University of Southern California. Chapter 60, Principles of
`Immunology
`Eva Lydick, PhD I Chief Research Officer, Lovelace Clinic
`Foundation. Chapter 118, Pharmaceutical Risk Management
`Elaine Mackowiak, PhD, RPh / Professor of Pharmaceutical
`Chemistry (School of Pharmacy) and Clinical Associate Pro(cid:173)
`fessor of Diagnostic Imaging (School of Medicine), Temple
`University. Chapter 64, Diagnostic Drugs and Reagents
`Henry J Malinowski, PhD / Division of Pharmaceutical Eval(cid:173)
`uation II, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD.
`Chapter 53, Bioavailability and B ioequivalency Testing
`Michael A Mancano, PharmD / Associate Professor of Clini(cid:173)
`cal Pharmacy, Temple University School of Pharmacy.
`Chapter 77 Hormones and Hormone Antagonists
`Laura A Mandos, BS, PharmD / Associate Professor of
`Clinical Pharmacy, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy,
`University of the Sciences in Philadelphia. Chapter 80,
`Antianxiety Agents and Hypnotic Drugs
`Anthony S Manoguerra, PharmD / Professor of Clinical
`Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of California, San
`Francisco, San Diego Program; Director, San Diego Division,
`California Poison Control System, University of California
`San Diego Medical Center. Chapter 103, Poison Control
`Robert W Martin Ill, MD I Chairman, Department of
`Dermatology; Chief, Division of Dermatopathology, Arnett
`Clinic, Lafayette, Indiana; Clinical Assistant Professor,
`Department of Dermatology, Indiana University School of
`Medicine. Chapter 133, Chronic Wound Care
`Robert L McCarthy, PhD I Dean and Professor, School of
`Pharmacy, University of Connecticut. Chapter 3, Ethics and
`Professionalism
`Michael R McConnell, RPh / Founder and Consultant,
`ational otification Center. Chapter 115, Product Recalls
`and Withdrawals
`Randal P McDonough, PharmD, MS I Associate Professor
`(Clinical), Director of Practice Development and Educa(cid:173)
`tional Programs, College of Pharmacy, The University of
`Iowa. Chapter 116, Marheting Pharmaceutical Care Services
`William F McGhan, PharmD, PhD / Professor of Pharmacy
`and Health Policy, Department of Pharmacy Practice and
`Pharmacy Administration, Philadelphia College of Phar(cid:173)
`macy, University of the Sciences in Philadelphia. Chapter
`113, Pharmacoeconomics
`Howard L McLeod, PharmD / Associate Professor, Depart(cid:173)
`ment of Medicine, Washington University School of
`Medicine. Chapter 62, Pharmacogenomics
`Mary Lynn McPherson, PharmD I Associate Professor,
`Pharmacy Practice and Science Department, School of
`Pharmacy, University of Maryland. Chapter llO, Health
`Accessories
`Thomas Med wick, PhD/ Emeritus Professor of Pharmaceu(cid:173)
`tical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University.
`Chapter 24, Inorganic Pharmaceutical Chemistry
`Robert Middleton, PharmD / Department of Pharmacy,
`Beebe Medical Center, Lewes, DE. Chapter 61, Adverse
`Drug Reactions Clinical Toxicology
`Michael Montagne, PhD / Professor of Social Pharmacy,
`Massachusetts College of Pharmacy- Boston. Chapter 3,
`Ethics and Professionalism and Chapter 99, Drug Education
`Louis A Morris, PhD/ President, Louis A Morris and Associ(cid:173)
`ates, Inc. Chapter 118, Pharmaceutical Rish Management
`Michael D Murray, PharmD, MPH I Professor and Chair,
`Pharmaceutical Policy and Evaluative Sciences, School of
`Pharmacy, The University of orth Carolina at Chapel Hill.
`Chapter 108, Pharmacoepidemiology
`
`AUTHORS
`
`xiii
`
`Gail D Newton, PhD, RPh / Associate Professor of Pharmacy
`Practice, School of Pharmacy and Pharmacal Sciences,
`Purdue University. Chapter 123, Ambulatory Patient Care
`Jeffrey P Norenberg, MS, PharmD, BCNP, FASHP,
`FAPhA I Associate Professor and Director, Radiopharma(cid:173)
`ceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of ew
`Mexico Health Sciences Center. Chapter 29, Fundamentals of
`Medical Radionuclides
`Robert E O'Connor, PhD / Senior Director, European Techni(cid:173)
`cal Operations, Jans sen Pharmaceutica. Chapter 37, Powders
`Judith A O'Donnell, MD I Associate Professor of Medicine
`and Public Health, Drexel University Schools of Medicine
`and Public Health. Chapter 90, Anti-Infectives
`Patrick B O'Donnell, PhD / Associate Director of Product
`eurocrine Biosciences, Inc. Chapter 52,
`Development,
`Stability of Pharmaceutical Products
`Clyde M Ofner ill, PhD / Associate Professor and Director,
`Graduate Program in Pharmaceutics, Philadelphia College
`of Pharmacy, University of the Sciences in Philadelphia.
`Chapter 21, Colloidal Dispersions
`Carol Ott, PharmD, BCPP / Affiliate Assistant Professor of
`Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, Purdue University.
`Chapter 129, Long-Term Care
`James A Palmieri, PharmD / Assistant Professor of
`Pharmacy Practice, T J Long School of Pharmacy and Health
`Sciences, University of the Pacific; Clinical Pharmacy
`Specialist, Cardiovascular Disease Management, The Mercy
`Heart Institute, Sacramento, CA. Chapter 121, Pharmacists
`and Disease State Management
`Susie H Park, PharmD / Assistant Professor of Clinical
`Pharmacy, University of Southern California. Chapter 60 ,
`Principles of Immunology
`John H Parker, PhD/ President, Tech Manage Associates,
`Clarks Summit, PA. Chapter 51, Quality Assurance and
`Control
`Payal Patel, BSc (Pharm), PharmD / Evidence-Based
`Pharmacy Consultant, London Health Sciences Centre,
`London, Ontario, Canada. Chapter 128, Emergency Medicine
`Pharmacy Practice
`Garnet E Peck, PhD/ Professor Emeritus of Industrial and
`Physical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy and Pharmacal
`Sciences, Purdue University. Chapter 36, Separation
`Thomas G Pettinger, BSP, BOCO / Staff Orthotist, Great
`Plains Health Company, Fargo, orth Dakota. Chapter 110,
`Health Accessories
`Peggy Piascik, PhD / Associate Professor of Pharmacy -
`Practice, University of Kentucky. Chapter 97 , Patient
`Communication
`James A Ponto, MS, BCNP I Chief uclear Pharmacist and
`Professor (Clinical), University of Iowa Hospitals & C1inics
`and CoUege of Pharmacy University of Iowa. Chapter 106,
`Nuclear Pharmacy Practice
`Cathy Y Poon, PharmD / Associate Professor of Clinical Phar(cid:173)
`macy Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, University of the
`Sciences in Philadelphia. Chapter 18, Tonicity, Osmoticity,
`Osmolality, and Osmolarity; Chapter 32, Clinical Analysis
`Stuart C Porter, PhD/ President, PPT, Hatfield, PA. Chapter
`46, Coating of Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms
`W Steven Pray, BS (Pharm), MPH, PhD I Bernhardt
`Professor of onprescription Drugs and Devices, CoUege of
`Pharmacy, Southwestern Oklahoma State University .
`Chapter 124, Self-Care
`Shelly J Prince, PhD / Associate Professor of Pharmaceutics,
`CoUege of Pharmacy, Southwestern Oklahoma State
`University. Chapter 11, Metrology and Pharmaceutical
`Calculations
`Barrett E Rabinow, PhD/ Senior Director, Strategic Techni(cid:173)
`cal Development, Baxter Healthcare Corporation, Round
`Lake, IL. Chapter 54, Plastic Pachaging Materials
`Galen W Radebaugh, PhD / Vice President of Analytical
`Development, Schering-Plough Research Institute. Chapter
`38, Property-Based Drug Design and Preformulation
`
`

`

`xiv
`
`AUTHORS
`
`Robert B Raffa, PhD / Professor of Pharmacology, Temple
`University School of Pharmacy. Chapter 83, Analgesic,
`Antipyretic, and Anti-Inflammatory Drugs
`Dennis W Raisch, RPh, PhD / Associate Center Director,
`Scientific Affairs, VA Cooperative Studies Program Clinical
`Research Pharmacy Coordinating Center, Albuquerque.
`Chapter 48, The New Drug Approval Process and Clinical
`Trial Design
`William J Reilly, Jr, RPh, MBA/ Managing Consultant,
`Tunnell Consulting, King of Prussia, PA. Chapter 55,
`Pharmaceutical Necessities
`June E Riedlinger, RPh, PharmD / Adjunct Associate
`Professor, Southwest College of aturopathic Medicine and
`Adjunct Associate Professor of Pharmacy Practice, School of
`Pharmacy- Boston, Massachusetts College of Pharmacy
`and Health Sciences. Chapter 132, Complementary and
`Alternative Medical Health Care
`Joseph R Robinson, PhD / Professor of Pharmacy and
`Ophthalmology, School of Pharmacy, University of Wiscon(cid:173)
`sin-Madison. Chapter 47, Extended-Release and Targeted
`Drug Delivery Systems
`Mark G Robson, PhD, MPH/ Chairman, Environmental and
`Occupational Health, UMD J School of Public Health.
`Chapter 93, Pesticides
`Robert E Roehrs, PhD/ Vice President (Retired), Depart(cid:173)
`ment of Drug Regulatory Affairs, Alcon Research, Ltd.
`Chapter 43, Ophthalmic Preparations
`Lisa Cencia Rohan, PhD / Assistant Professor of Pharma(cid:173)
`ceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of
`Pittsburgh. Chapter 23, Rheology
`Theodore J Roseman, PhD / Vice President, Scientific
`Affairs, Baxter Healthcare Corporation, Round Lake, IL.
`Chapter 54, Pla stic Packaging Material
`Joseph T Rubino, PhD / Principal Research Scientist,
`Chemical and Pharmaceutical Development, Wyeth
`Research. Chapter 22, Coarse Dispersions
`Orapin P Rubino, PhD / Group Leader, Formulation
`Development, Glatt Air Techniques, Inc. Chapter 22, Coarse
`Dispersions
`Charles Ruchalski, PharmD / Assistant Professor of Clinical
`Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Temple University. Chapter
`77, Hormones and Hormone Antagonists
`Maria I Rudis, Pha