Merriam(cid:173)
`Webster's
`Collegiate®
`Dictionary
`
`ELEVENTH
`EDITION
`
`Merriam-Webster, Incorporated
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`Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
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`Merriam-Webster's collegiate dictionary. - ElevenU1 ed.
`p .
`cm.
`lncludes index.
`(Laminated unindexcd : alk. paper)
`ISBN-) 3: 978-0-87779-807-l
`(Laminated unindexcd : aJk. paper)
`ISBN-IO: 0-87779-807-9
`(Jacketed hardcover unindexed: alk. paper)
`ISBN-13: 978-0-87779-808-8
`(Jacketed hardcover unindexcd: alk. paper)
`ISBN-IO: 0-87779-808-7
`(Jacketed hardcover with CD-ROM : alk. paper)
`ISBN-13: 978-0-87779-809-5
`(Jacketed hardcover with CD-ROM : alk. paper)
`ISBN-IO: 0-87779-809-5
`(Leatherlook with CD-ROM: alk. paper)
`JSBN-13: 978-0-87779-810-l
`(Leathcrlook w ith CD-ROM : allc. paper)
`ISBN-IO: 0-87779-810-9
`(Canadian)
`ISBN-13: 978-0-87779-813-2
`(Canadian)
`ISBN-IO: 0-87779-813-3
`(International)
`lSBN-13: 978-0-87779-814-9
`(lntcmational)
`ISBN-10: 0-87779-814-1
`I. English language-Dictionaries. I. Title: Collegiate dictionary. II. Merriam(cid:173)
`Webstcr, Inc.
`PE1628.M36
`423-dc21
`
`2003
`
`2003003674
`CIP
`
`M,adam-Wcb::.tcr'::, Cullcgialcca Dictionary, Eleventh Edition, principal copyright
`2003
`
`COi I ,EGIATE is a registered trademark of Merriam-Webster, Incorporated
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`2
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`

`1062
`
`respiratory quotient • restoration
`
`d:uH:1gc,) ~ 111 : R£J'J.Y -
`
`rnspiratory system: 1 nostril.
`2 nose, 3 nasal cavity, 4 na(cid:173)
`sopharynx, 5 oropharv,nx, 6
`larynx, 7 trachea, 8 bron•
`chus, 9 lung
`
`respiratory quotient 11 (en. 1890) : " ratio indicalinS !he relation of the
`volume of carbon dioxide given off in re.spiral.ion to tltat of the oxygen
`consumcJ
`respiratory syncytlal virus n (1961) ; a parnmyxovirus (species Hu(cid:173)
`man respiratory syncytial virus of the genus Pmmmoviru.t) that is respon•
`siblc for severe n.-spiralory diseases (as broncllopneumonia Md bron(cid:173)
`chiolitis) in chilJren nnd esp. in infants
`respiratory system 11 (1888) : a system
`of organs functionins in rc.spiration and
`in human .. " cousjsling esp. of the nose, n.1-
`sal pa;,sagcs. pli.~J')'DX, larynx, trache:,,
`bronchi, ,u1d lungs
`re,spirc \d-'spi{-~)r\ ,h re-spired: re(cid:173)
`spir•ing [l'l,1E, fr. L "spirare, fr. re·+ spi·
`1
`ran: tu h!ow. breathe] vi (15c)
`: BRl!A'mBi specif: to inhnJe and exhale
`air s uccc:asively 2 of a cell or tissu,: : to
`take up Ol<ygcn and produce c:>rbon di·
`oxide
`through
`oxidation
`vt
`: BRl'.\'l1IE
`rcs,pi,rom•c•ter \,n-s-p:,-'rii•m>t.1r\
`11
`(ca. 1883) : an ins1rumcn1 for s tudying
`chc:- chan,ctcr and ex.tent of respiration
`-
`rcs-µi,ro-mct-ric \-ro-'m<.-rrik\ cu(j
`res,pi,rom•e-try \·'rii-m:Hrt\ n
`-
`1 re•SPito \ 'rt:s-p:,t 11/s,1 1i- 1spit. Brit usu
`'res•,p1t\ 11 [l',,IE respit. fr. AF, fr. ML re·
`.<p<·rtu•. Ir. L, :tel {\r looking back -
`mot.- "t IH!SPl:.CT] (13c) 1 : a pc i<><.I or
`h.·1n()Onffy delay 2 : an inlcrv.,I '--"f rest
`orrclid
`"-respite ,,, rc-spit-ed; re•spit,ing ( 14c) 1 : tt> grant a r""PilC to 2
`: PUl Ot'I•, DELAY
`3resp itc mlj (1978) : providing or being temporary care in relief of a pri·
`mary <:..r~aiwr <~ care) (a~ worker)
`re-splcn,dence \ri-'splcn--d.,n(t)s\ n l lSc) : the quality or stall: of being
`re~plcudc nl : SPLENDOR
`re,splcn,den--cy \--d:>n(l)-se\ n (ca. lG!l) : RESPLENDENCE
`re,splen,dent \--d:ml\ adj [I\IIE. rr. L rw;plcndcnt·, resJJlcndcns, prp. of
`r~splc11dfrc lo shine hack, fr. re- + splendi!rr! to shine - more :,t
`Sl'LE'sDID] (15c) : shining brilliantly : ch:tr3ctcrized by a glowing
`>plcmlu1 (meadow,~ with wih.lOO\\ers --Outdoor World) syn sec
`sr1 t-:,;om -
`rc,splen•dcnt•IY .,,,.,
`1 re-spond \ri-',fand\ 11 [ME resf)01111de, lit.. reply, fr. AF resp1ms, re·
`sp1111t r,---.pon>e (15<;) : an engaged pillur supporting an arch or closing
`a colunn .. u.lc or accndc
`2 respond 1'11 [alter. or ME re,pow1tk11, fr. AF re,pw,dre. fr. L respo11dere
`ro prombc in return. an~wcr. fr. re~ + spo11dCre to promise - more at
`l>l'OUSIJ] vi ( 157'.!) 1 : lo s~y ,omclhing iu rt:lurn : make tLu .mswcr ( ~
`10 ... -rilichm) 2 a: 10 react in response <~cd lo a call for help) b: to
`,bow l:l\umblc reaction<~ to •-urgcry) 3: lo be answerable ( ~
`in
`re•SPOnd,er \-'span--d;,r\"
`1 re-spon,dcnt \ri-',piin-cbnt\ n [L rcsptJ1tdeJll·, respo11dens, prp. of
`respo11d1•n:J (1528) 1 : one wh<> rcsponcls: us a : oue who maintains a
`thc,L, in reply b {I) : one who aru.wcr,; in various legal proceedings (as
`in <.-quity crn,cs) (2) : !he prevailing party in the lower court c : a per•
`,on wlw responds 10 u poll 2 : a reflex that occurs in r<-spon.s<, to a
`spt::cific external stin1ulus -
`compare OPBllA ... '-1
`2respondent (lqj (1726) 1 : making reSJ)OnSC: RESPONSIVE; esp: beini.;
`a 1epond<·111 at law 2 : relating to or being behavior or response.• to a
`stimulus thnl arc followed hy a reward <~ conditioning) -
`compare
`OP!·II \NT 3
`re,sponse \d-'span(t)s\ 11 [ME & L; l'vl.E m,pounce, fr. AF respum, rl!(cid:173)
`:lf'Ou11cc. fr, L rc.-.po1tSUIJ1 reply, rr. neut. of Tr!Sf'OII.Sll.f, pp. or res,x>ndili·e]
`( J .fc) 1 : nu act of responding 2 : som\Othing constiluting a reply or n
`rc.,ction: a.;; a : n verse. plimsc. or word sung or said by the people or
`dtoir .1ftcr nr in reply to the officiant in a liturgical service b : Ille ac-
`1i,·i1y ur Inhibition of previous :u.:livity of an organism or MY of its
`p.;n bi. rc:i-:ulting from stimulation c : the output or a transducer or ctc(cid:173)
`tc< 1i11g <lcvic't: rt."'ulting from a gi\'Cll in1m1 syn see ANSWER
`re,spon,sl ,bil,i-ty \ri-,,piin(t)-sa-'bi-ln-tc\ 11, pl -ties {1771) 1 : the
`quality or state of being rc~rponsiblc: a.-,; a: moral, lcgn1, or mental ac~
`L'tlUnlahiiity b : RELL\IJII.ITY, TRt ST\\'ORTIII:s'llSS 2 : somelhlng for
`which """ i, re,1,on<iblc : JHJRDt:N (l1.'l.s acglcclcd his respo11sihilicies)
`rc-spon-sl,ble \ri-~iin(l)..s:,..b;,f\ "dj [1\F r"-<pomnble, fr. Tt':Sptms]
`11643) 1 a: li.lblc lo be called on to answer b (I) : Unbk lo be c.,lled
`to .tccount ns lhe primary t:alL'-'!. moliYc-. ur .igcnt ( a C01J1n•1ittcc ~ for
`th<· joh)
`(2) : bcinx the cau,-e or cxpl.umtion (mechanical dckcts
`were ..._ for the ;iccident) c : liahle tn lcgol review or in case of fnult
`It> l"'n.1lllcs 2 a : able to an,wcr for mw·• conduct and obl.igation5
`: TRUSTWORTHY b : ahlc to choose for onesclf hctwecn right :tlld
`wrong 3: marked hy or invoh-ing rc.sponsibilily or accountability<~
`n11,md:<I policic.<) (a~ job) 4 : politkall} ,m~·wcrablc: esp : required
`IO ,uhmil to the elcclorntc if tlcfcatcd hy th" legislature -
`used esp. of
`re-spon•Sl•l>IY \-t1ic\
`th.- l.lrithh cabinet -
`rc,spon•sl•l>le•ncss 11 -
`t1d1•
`SY/I RIJSPONSIBLI!, ANSWERo\BLI!, ACC'OtlNTAllU!, AMEKABJ.E. I.JAJIJ.E
`me,u1 ,object to being held to account. RESPONSIBLE implies holding
`n 'f"'Cific office. duty, or tru.si (the bureau respo11slble for revenue
`collcetion). ANSWERAIII.E s-ugge;:ts a rcl:Uil>n between one hm-ing 11
`morn! or legal obligation and a court or ulhcr auU1orlty charged wilh
`oversight of its observance (an intelligence agency nflswerable to Con(cid:173)
`tft'>,.,). ACCOUNTAIII B su¥!tc,."ts immincnc-c of retribution for unful(cid:173)
`fWell lrnsl .,r violated t>bligation (elected ofOcials arc nt'c:ountab/e to
`the voters). AAiE,-.;AHLS and 1.IAIU...H strc."'-;;; the fact of subjection to re(cid:173)
`view. ccn:-.ur e. or ""~ntrol by a desig.11.atcd autl1<,rity un<lcr certain con(cid:173)
`dition:-. ( law:i. arc F1nu:n11ble to judit.·ial 1-cvlcw) (not Uablt! for the debt'\
`of 1hc former spouse).
`re,spon-sions \ri--1sp3n(t)-,han,:\ 11 p/ [lv!E responcio1111 rcspou.sc, sum
`to bt.• pahJ, tr. AF or ~JL; AF rt!.$JH)11sion, l'r. ~fL tt'~pon.,'it.m-, responsiu,
`fr. L. auswcr, fr. rl!S[)Otulifre] (1813): an e,mnuoation formerly required
`for mulrlcul:tllnn as an undcrgrnduale nt ():,;_ford
`rc-spon-slve \ri-'spau(t)-siv\ a4i (15c) 1 : giving rc:.,>0nsc: : constitut·
`ing a rc>ponsc : Al'S\\'ERTNG (a~ glance)<~ aggression) 2 : quick
`
`to respond or react appropriately or ~-ympathctlcally : SENsrrrvn 3
`re•SPOn•sive-ly adv -
`re-spon(cid:173)
`
`: using responses (a ~ litu.W) -
`
`sive•ness 11
`re-spon-so-ry \-'spiln(t)s-(:,.)re"\ n, pl -rles (ME, Cr. ML respomor/11111,
`Cr. L respoll(Jire] ()Sc) : a set of versicle.• and responses sung or said af(cid:173)
`ter or during a lection
`re-span.sum \ri-'span(t}-s:>m\ n, pl -sa \-s:o\ [NL, fr. L, reply, re(cid:173)
`sponse] {1896) : a writlcn decision from a rabbinic aulhorlty in n,(cid:173)
`sponsc to a submitted question or problem
`res pu,bll,ca \'rils-'pii-bli-,ki.\\ n CL- more at RBPUBUc] (ca. 1898) 1
`: COM:MONWBALTil, STAlli, REPUBLIC 2 : CO~lMONWl!Al.
`res,sen.ti, ment ~ ,sii"-tc-'ma"\ 11 [F, resentment, fr. ressemir 10 ,.,.
`sent, fr. MF rese,t1ir - more at JI.ESBNT] (1941) : deep--scatcd resent(cid:173)
`ment, frustration. and hostility accompanied by a sense of being po>1·•
`edess Lo e."Xpress thc.sc feelings diroctly
`1 rest \'rest\ n [MB, Cr. OE; akin to OHG rasta rest and perh. to OHO
`rnowa calm] (bcf. Uc) 1 : RJ!POSB, SLEEP; specif: a bodily state cli-nT•
`acterized by minimal functional and metabolic activities 2 a : fn.-c(cid:173)
`dom from activity or labor b : a state of motionlessness o r lnacti,•ity
`c : the repose of death 3 : a place for r e.,1:ing or lodging 4 : peace o(
`mind or spirit 5 a (I) : a rhythmic silence in music (2) : a charackr
`representing such a silen"" b : a brief pause In reading 6 : i:omethin3
`at rest 1 : rcsling or reposing esp. in sleet' or
`used for support -
`death 2 : QUUlSCEN'r, MOTIONUiSS 3 : free of anxieties
`¼est vi (bcf. L2c) 1 a : to gel rest by lying down; esp : sLE.Er b : l<) lie
`dead 2 : to cease from action or motion : refrain from labor or r,,cer(cid:173)
`tion 3 : to be free from llJ\Xicty or disturbance 4 : to sil or Uc fl'<CJ
`or supported (a column~_. on its pcdest:t.l) 5 a : to remain confident
`: TRUST (cannot~ o n 1ha1 assumption) b : to be ba.scd or fo1JJ1d,:d
`(the verdict ,...,,.,,J on several sound precedents) 6 : to remain for ru:(cid:173)
`tion or accomplishment (the answer.._. with you) 7 of/armla11tl: 10
`remain ldl.c or uncroppcd 8 : to bring to an end voluntarily the ini r..-(cid:173)
`
`duction of e,-iru,nce in a law case ~ vt 1 : to i:i\·c rest to 2 : to ,ei ~t
`
`rest 3 : to place on or ag.'1inst a s upport 4 : to catLsc to be firmly
`fixed (,-.,ed all bo1>e in his child) 5 : to dcsi.•I voluntarily from pre(cid:173)
`rost•er n
`i,cntin.11 ~~lclcnce pertinent to (a case at law) -
`3rest n LMb reste, lit., stoppage, short for areste, (r. AF are.st, fr. arcr,.,r w
`arrest] (l4c): a projection or altaclunent on the side of the bn,astplate
`of medieval armor for supporting the bult of a lance
`4 rest 11 [ME. fr. AF restc, Cr. rarer to remain, fr. L rest are, fr. re-- + swrc 10
`stand - more at STANO] (!Sc) : something that remains over : RIT·
`for the rest : with regard to 1,(cid:173)
`MAINDER (ate the ~ of the candy) -
`maining issues or needs
`rest area 11 {1971) : an area adjacent to a highway nt which restroom<
`and refre.'lhmcnts are usu. av:tilable
`re•start \(,)rc-'stlirt\ vi (1749) 1 : to s tart anew 2 : to ~me (a., an
`re•start \'n·•
`activity) afrcr intemiplion ~vi: to resume operation -
`re•Slart•able \-'star-t:>--b:>I\ adj
`,stiirt, (,)re-'\ n -
`re-state \(,)re•'stil\ vt (ca. 1713): lo st.~te :,gain or in another wny
`re•slate•ment \-m~nt\ 11 (1803) 1 : something lhat is rcsmled 2 : th<
`act or restating
`res,tau,rant \'res-t(o-)riinl alw •!(>)rant, --tamt\ 11 [F, fr. prp. of rest,m,
`rer to ~tore, fr. L rettaurare] (ca. 1766) : a busine.'IS cstabli<hm~m
`where meals or refreshments may be purchased
`res,tau,ra,teur \ ,reM:i-ro-'~r\ aLw res•tau-ran,teur \-,ran-\ n [F n,,.
`tm1raletll', fr. LL restauralor restorer, fr. L =rare] (1796) : the ope,,.
`a1or or proprietor of a rcstaunuu
`rest,ed \ ' res-t:id\ adj (!Sc) : having had su!ncient rest or sleep
`re-ste•OO•Sis \,res-to-' no-s:>s. ,re-st;,-\ 11 [NL] (1954) : the reoccum,,1cc
`of stenosis in a blood vessel or heart valve after it has been treated with
`apparent succes..._
`rest-ful \ ' rest-fol\ adj (14c) 1 : marked by, affording. or suggc:sUnJ
`
`rest and repose (a ~ -,olor scheme) 2 : being II! rest : QUU., SYll 'l"t'
`
`resMul,ness n
`rest,ful-ly \·f:>-16\ adv -
`COMl'ORTABUi -
`rest home 11 (1925) : an establishment tbat provide,; housing and gcn~r(cid:173)
`al care for !he aged or !he convalescent
`rest house n ( 1807) : a building used for shelter by travclcr,o
`rest-ing \'n.-s-til)\ adj (14c) 1 : being or characterized by dorman~')
`: QUlllSCBNT (a ~ spore) (bulbs in the~ stale) 2 : not undcrgo!nti
`or marked by division : Vl!GIITATIVE (a~ nuelett~)
`res-tl,tuta \ ' rcs--1:>-,tiit, -,tyiit\ vb -tut-ed; -tut,lng [L r esci1111u,. Pl'• or
`rertituere] vi (ca. 1500) 1 : to restore to a former stale or position 2
`: OJVB DACK; esp : IU!FUND __, vi : to undergo restitution
`res-ti•tU•tlon \,res-10-'t!l--sh~n. - 11yil-\ 11 [ME rest#11cio1m. fr. AF. fr. l
`restit11tio11-, resnn,rio, fr. restituere to restore, fr. rt!- + stotucre to -ct ur,
`- more at STATIJTIJ] (14c) 1 : an acl of restoring OT a condition of 1,.,.
`ing restore<!: as a : n =ioration of something to its rightful owner b
`: a making good of or giving an equivalent for some injury 2 : a leiµ!
`actiou serving to cau.se restoration of n previous: state
`res,tlve \ 'rcs-tiv\ aq/ [ME restyf. fr. AF restif. fr. rester to stop, rcshl, n,(cid:173)
`main] (1 Sc) 1 : stubbornly resisting control : BALKY 2 : m.vkcd t,,
`res.live(cid:173)
`impaticnc.-e or uneasiness: FIDOETY syn sec CONTRARY -
`ly adv -
`res,tlvo-ness n
`rest-less \'rcst-1:,s\ adj (be(. 12c) 1 : f:,ck:ing or denying rc,.1 : UNr,.,s\
`: clmracterl7.<,d by or mnnifc,,'ting unrest esp. or mind<~ p!lCing); uL-.,,
`rest-less-ness
`rest-less-ly adv -
`: CHANGBFUL, DL~CONT1!1''TRD -
`n
`restless legs syndrome 11 (1976) : a nervous disorder charnctcrl,rJ
`by aching , crawling, or creeping sensations of the legs th:11 occur ""Jl. 31
`night us11. when lying down (as before sleep) and cause a comll(liin;i
`urge 10 m ove the legs -
`called also res/less I~. res/less leg s,·ndl'Q11u•
`rest mass n (1914) : the mass o f a body exclusive of additiorud m..__,
`the body acquires by ils motion according 10 !he theory of relaU,lt~
`re-stor,able \ri-'st6r->bol\ o,Q (ca. 161 I} : fit for restoring or rcclt<lm•
`ing
`re-stor,al \·01\11 (ca. 1611) : RESTORATION
`res•to,ra.tfon \ ,res-10-'n1-sh:>n\ n ( 14c) 1 : an "cl of rcstoting o 1 11,c
`condition of being restored: as a : n bringing back to a former po,1.
`tion or condition : Rll.lN!'ITATBMBNT <U,c ~ of peace) b : RIL>rl 111
`TION c : a re,,toring lo an unimpaired or improved condilion (Ull· --..
`of a pain ling) d: U1e replacing or missing teeth or crowns 2 : ><>rr1t
`tiling th:11 I< restored; e.,;p : a rcpn:scntatlon or reconslmctlon ot lh
`original form (as of a fossil or a building) 3 cap a : lbe recstahlhhln~
`
`(a ~ nigilt) 2 : continuously moving : UNQUlflT (the ~ sea) 3
`
`of lh
`Engl
`
`,,~:~:
`
`1
`J
`
`I
`
`: h.'lv
`2resto
`vigor
`l'e•SIC
`res/a,
`: orv
`3: lo
`4: ll
`stor,,
`re,stn
`t!l't! le
`~1'RAT
`somct
`keep 1
`force,
`p..-ivc.
`able \
`syn 1
`con1r
`o r fl"
`them~
`pros,-,
`CURll
`Ute), l
`(brldl,
`re-strai
`orextn
`restralr
`limes I•
`applicn
`sidual I
`lndJvidt
`re-strah
`: an ac-t
`restmlo
`SIJiC!S II
`!he ~xp1
`re,strlct
`finewltl
`or distril
`Te•Slrlct,
`tion: as
`: availab
`-count
`,_ docu,
`re,strlc,ti
`restrictiOJ
`<tricts: :tli
`b: nlimi·
`act of res
`restrlctlo
`DNA intc
`called als,
`restrlctio1
`the kngll
`zym~ acti1
`g,.-nctie m
`re,stric,tic
`Chy favon
`st \--sh(;,-_
`re-strlc,ti~
`b: servi111
`erence of:
`Uon- re:
`restrictive
`!he dcfinit
`book Lhnt •
`re-strike \(
`original di,
`rest,room '
`viding toilc
`re-struc•tu1
`oization, 0 1
`'re-suit \ti-',
`/art! to lenp
`con.seq uenc
`: to have a.n
`2result 11 (16
`t."OncJu..'-lon:
`oblllincd by
`sult,less \·
`1re-sul-tant '
`.omcthJng c
`2resultant 11 1
`glc \'CCtor th
`re•sume \ri--'
`.nmter, fr. L
`CONSUME] l',
`bi, <eat by ti
`after in1crru1
`: to pick up
`.somctb ing in
`re-su-me ()r
`,ri·\ 11 [F res,
`.nm,u] (I 804;
`compllmmcn
`re-sump,tion
`rau11wtio11-. ,
`rrsuming : RI
`
`- -----,,- ----
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