as) United States
`a2) Patent Application Publication 10) Pub. No.: US 2006/0253010 Al
`
` Bradyetal. (43) Pub. Date: Nov.9, 2006
`
`
`US 20060253010A1
`
`(54) MONITORING DEVICE, METHOD AND
`SYSTEM
`
`Publication Classification
`
`(76)
`
`Inventors: Donald Brady, Las Vegas, NV (US),
`SammyI. Elhag, San Diego, CA (US);
`Steve Lui, San Diego, CA (US)
`
`Correspondence Address:
`Impact Sports Technologies, Inc.
`2101 Plaza Del Dios
`
`Las Vegas, NV 89102 (US)
`(21) Appl. No.:
`11/398,821
`
`(22)
`
`Filed:
`
`Apr. 6, 2006
`
`Related U.S. Application Data
`
`(63) Continuation-in-part of application No. 11/085,778,
`filed on Mar. 21, 2005.
`
`(60) Provisional application No. 60/669,325,filed on Apr.
`7, 2005. Provisional application No. 60/613,785, filed
`on Sep. 28, 2004.
`
`(51)
`
`Int. Cl.
`(2006.01)
`A6IB 5/00
`(52) U.S. Che
`cacscscseueueuene 600/324; 600/344; 128/921
`
`(57)
`
`ABSTRACT
`
`A monitoring device (20) and method (200) for monitoring
`the health of a user is disclosed herein. The monitoring
`device (20) is preferably a watch (25), an optical sensor (30)
`disposed on a band of the watch (25), a circuitry assembly
`(35) embedded within a main body of the watch (25), a
`display member (40) disposed on an exterior surface of the
`main of the watch, and a control component (43). The
`monitoring device (20) preferably displays the following
`information about the user: pulse rate; blood oxygenation
`levels; calories expended by the user of a pre-set
`time
`period; target zonesof activity; time; distance traveled; and
`dynamic blood pressure. The watch (25) also displays the
`time of day on the display member (40).
`
`25
`— 99
`
`130
`
`1
`
`APPLE 1052
`Apple v. Masimo
`IPR2022-01465
`
`1
`
`APPLE 1052
`Apple v. Masimo
`IPR2022-01465
`
`

`

`Patent Application Publication Nov. 9, 2006 Sheet 1 of 5
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`US 2006/0253010 Al
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`/30 (f a
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`rIGURE 4
`
`FIGURE 1.
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`2
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`

`

`Patent Application Publication Nov. 9, 2006 Sheet 2 of 5
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`US 2006/0253010 Al
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`FIGURE2
`
`WoeLL
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`130b
`
`
`20 FIGURE 2A
`
`30
`
`7
`
`30c
`
`135
`
`3
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`

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`Patent Application Publication Nov. 9, 2006 Sheet 3 of 5
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`US 2006/0253010 Al
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` WiC
`
`
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`aap ec f
`FIGURE 4
`
`S&E
`
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`a
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`ee.
`
`4
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`

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`Patent Application Publication Nov. 9, 2006 Sheet 4 of 5
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`US 2006/0253010 Al
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`Measuring
`
` Heart Rate
`U/D
`
`D
`
`
`
`
` etleig
`
`ht
`
`U/D
`
`1D
`
`4007
`FIGURE 6
`
`U/D
`
`HR Limit
`
`5
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`

`

`Patent Application Publication Nov. 9, 2006 Sheet 5 of 5
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`US 2006/0253010 Al
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`DaySummary
`3%
`
`
`FronBRGOG7)Te: (His20087)(Undate
`Foos Log
`Average Daily Calories Eaten -
`Catories Eaten vs. Bumed
`Grams Catories % Cuts
`
`Calories
`Fat
`
`FIGURE8
`
`\
`
`255
`
`6
`
`

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`US 2006/0253010 Al
`
`Nov. 9, 2006
`
`MONITORING DEVICE, METHOD AND SYSTEM
`
`CROSS REFERENCES TO RELATED
`APPLICATION
`
`[0001] The Present application claims priority to U.S.
`Provisional Patent Application No. 60/669,325, filed on Apr.
`7, 2005. The Present application is also a continuation-in-
`part application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/085,
`778, filed on Mar. 21, 2005, which is a continuation-in-part
`application of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/613,785,
`filed on Sep. 28, 2004, now abandoned.
`
`STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY
`SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT
`
`[0002] Not Applicable
`
`BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
`
`[0003]
`
`1. Field of the Invention
`
`Thepresent invention is related to health monitor-
`[0004]
`ing devices. More specifically, the present invention relates
`to a wrist worn article for monitoring a user’s vital signs.
`
`[0005]
`
`2. Description of the Related Art
`
`[0006] There is a need to know how oneis doing from a
`health perspective. In someindividuals, there is a daily, even
`hourly, need to know one’s health. Thepriorart has provided
`some devices to meet this need.
`
`[0007] One such device is a pulse oximetry device. Pulse
`oximetry is used to determine the oxygen saturation of
`arterial blood. Pulse oximeter devices typically contain two
`light emitting diodes: one in the red band of light (660
`nanometers) and one in the infrared band of light (940
`nanometers). Oxyhemoglobin absorbs infrared light while
`deoxyhemoglobin absorbs visible red light. Pulse oximeter
`devices also contain sensors that detect the ratio of red/
`infrared absorption several hundred times per second. A
`preferred algorithm for calculating the absorption is derived
`from the Beer-Lambert Law, which determines the trans-
`mitted light from the incident light multiplied by the expo-
`nential of the negative of the productof the distance through
`the medium, the concentration of the solute and the extinc-
`tion coefficient of the solute.
`
`[0008] The major advantages of pulse oximetry devices
`include the fact that the devices are non-invasive, easy to
`use, allows for continuous monitoring, permits early detec-
`tion of desaturation andis relatively inexpensive. The dis-
`advantages of pulse oximetry devices are that it is prone to
`artifact, it is inaccurate at saturation levels below 70%, and
`there is a minimal risk of burns in poor perfusion states.
`Several factors can cause inaccurate readings using pulse
`oximetry including ambientlight, deep skin pigment, exces-
`sive motion, fingernail polish, low flow caused by cardiac
`bypass, hypotension, vasoconstriction, and the like.
`
`[0009] Chin et al., U.S. Pat. No. 6,018,673 discloses a
`pulse oximetry device that is positioned entirely on a user’s
`nail
`to reduce out of phase motion signals for red and
`infrared wavelengths for use in a least squares or ratio-of-
`ratios technique to determine a patient’s arterial oxygen
`saturation.
`
`Smith, U.S. Pat. No. 4,800,495 discloses an appa-
`[0010]
`ratus for processing signals containing information concern-
`ing the pulse rate and the arterial oxygen saturation of a
`patient. Smith also discloses maintaining the position of the
`LEDs and detectors to prevent motion-artifacts from being
`produced in the signal.
`
`{0011] Another method for using a pulse oximeter to
`measure blood pressure is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,616,
`613 to Goodman for a ‘Physiological Signal Monitoring
`System’. The ’613 patent discloses processing a pulse oxim-
`etry signal in combination with information from a calibrat-
`ing device to determine a patient’s blood pressure.
`
`[0012] Chen et al, U.S. Pat. No. 6,599,251 discloses a
`system and method for monitoring blood pressure by detect-
`ing pulse signals at two different locations on a subjects
`body, preferably on the subject’s finger and earlobe. The
`pulse signals are preferably detected using pulse oximetry
`devices.
`
`Schulze et al., U.S. Pat. No. 6,556,852, discloses
`[0013]
`the use of an earpiece having a pulse oximetry device and
`thermopile to monitor and measure physiological variables
`of a user.
`
`[0014] Malinouskas, U.S. Pat. No. 4,807,630, discloses a
`method for exposing a patient’s extremity, such as a finger,
`to light of two wavelengths and detecting the absorbance of
`the extremity at each of the wavelengths.
`
`Jobsis et al., U.S. Pat. No. 4,380,240 discloses an
`[0015]
`optical probe with a light source and a light detector incor-
`porated into channels within a deformable mounting struc-
`ture which is adhered to a strap. The light source and the
`light detector are secured to the patient’s body by adhesive
`tapes and pressure induced by closing the strap around a
`portion of the body.
`
`[0016] Tan et al., U.S. Pat. No. 4,825,879 discloses an
`optical probe with a T-shaped wrap having a vertical stem
`and a horizontal cross bar, which is utilized to secure a light
`source and an optical sensor in optical contact with a finger.
`A metallic material is utilized to reflect heat back to the
`
`patient’s body andto provide opacity to interfering, ambient
`light. The sensor is secured to the patient’s body using an
`adhesive or hook and loop material.
`
`[0017] Modgil et al., U.S. Pat. No. 6,681,454 discloses a
`strap that is composed of an elastic material that wraps
`around the outside of an oximeter probe andis secured to the
`oximeter probe by attachment mechanisms such as Velcro,
`which allows for adjustmentafter initial application without
`producing excessive stress on the spring hinge of the oxime-
`ter probe.
`
`[0018] Diab et al., U.S. Pat. No. 6,813,511 discloses a
`disposable optical probe suited to reduce noise in measure-
`ments, which is adhesively securedto a patient’s finger, toe,
`forehead, earlobe orlip.
`
`[0019] Diab et al., U.S. Pat. No. 6,678,543 discloses an
`oximeter sensor system that has a reusable portion and a
`disposable portion. A method for precalibrating a light
`sensor of the oximeter sensor system is also disclosed.
`
`[0020] Tripp, Jr. et al., U.S. Statutory Invention Registra-
`tion Number H1039 discloses an intrusion free physiological
`condition monitor that utilizes pulse oximetry devices.
`
`7
`
`

`

`US 2006/0253010 Al
`
`Nov. 9, 2006
`
`[0021] Hisano et al., U.S. Pat. No. 6,808,473, discloses a
`headphone-type exercise aid which detects a pulse wave
`using an optical sensor to provide a user with an optimal
`exercise intensity.
`
`In monitoring one’s health there is a constant need
`[0022]
`to know how many calories have been expended whether
`exercising or going about one’s daily routine. A calorie is a
`measure of heat, generated when energy is produced in our
`bodies. The amount of calories burned during exercise is a
`measure of the total amount of energy used during a work-
`out. This can be important, since increased energy usage
`through exercise helps reduce body fat. There are several
`means to measure this expenditure of energy. To calculate
`the calories burned during exercise one multiplies the inten-
`sity level of the exercise by one’s body weight (in kilo-
`grams). This provides the amount of calories burned in an
`hour. A unit of measurement called a METis used to rate the
`intensity of an exercise. One METis equal to the amountof
`energy expendedatrest.
`
`[0023] For example, the intensity of walking 3 miles per
`hour (“mph”) is about 3.3 METS. At this speed, a person
`who weighs 132 pounds (60 kilograms) will burn about 200
`calories per hour (60x3.3=198).
`
`[0024] The computer controls in higher-quality exercise
`equipment can provide a calculation of how manycalories
`are burned by an individual using the equipment. Based on
`the workload, the computer controls of the equipmentcal-
`culate exercise intensity and calories burned according to
`established formulae.
`
`[0025] The readings provided by equipmentare only accu-
`rate if one is able to input one’s body weight. If the machine
`does not allow this, then the “calories per hour”or “calories
`used”displays are only approximations. The machines have
`built-in standard weights (usually 174 pounds)that are used
`when there is no specific user weight.
`
`[0026] There are devices that utilize a watch-type monitor
`to provide the wearer with heart rate as measured by a
`heartbeat sensor in a chestbelt.
`
`[0027] The prior art has failed to provide a means for
`monitoring one’s health that is accurate, easy to wear on
`one’s body for extended time periods, allows the user to
`input
`information and control
`the output, and provides
`sufficient information to the user about the user’s health.
`Thus, there is a need for a monitoring device that can be
`worn for an extended period and provide health information
`to a user. Further, there is a need for an add-on product to
`enhance the communication of information provided by a
`sports watch to an individual wearing the sports watch.
`
`BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
`
`[0028] The present invention provides a solution to the
`shortcomings of the prior art. The present
`invention is
`accurate, comfortable to wear by a user for extended time
`periods,
`is light weight, and provides sufficient real-time
`information to the user about the user’s health. Further, the
`present invention may be addedto a sports watch to enhance
`the amount of information provided to the user.
`
`[0029] One aspect of the present invention is a monitoring
`device comprising a digital watch and at least one band of
`the watch having an optical sensor connected to a circuitry
`
`assembly. The circuitry assembly is in communication with
`the digital watch to provide health-related information for
`display on the display unit of the watch. In particular, the
`band with the optical sensor and circuitry assembly may be
`utilized with the BODYLINK system used on or with
`TIMEX digital watches.
`
`[0030] Another aspect of the present invention is a moni-
`toring device comprising a digital watch and at least one
`band of the watch having an optical sensor in communica-
`tion with the digital watch to provide health-related infor-
`mation for display on the display unit of the watch. The
`location of the optical sensor on the band allows for inte-
`gration with a conventional digital watch such as a TIMEX
`digital watch, several of which are disclosed at www.timex-
`.com.In particular, the band with the optical sensor may be
`utilized with the BODYLINK system used on or with
`TIMEX digital watches.
`
`[0031] Another aspect of the present invention is a moni-
`toring device for monitoring the health of a user. The
`monitoring device includes an article, an optical device for
`generating a pulse waveform, a circuitry assembly embed-
`ded within the article, a display member positioned on an
`exterior surface of the article, and a control means attached
`to the article.
`
`Thearticle is preferably a watch having a main
`[0032]
`body and bands connectable to each other. The article
`preferably has a minimal mass, one to five ounces, and each
`band is preferably flexible so that the user can wear the
`watch the entire day if necessary. The monitoring device
`allows the user to track calories burnt during a set time
`period, monitor heart rate, blood oxygenation levels, dis-
`tance traveled, target zones and optionally dynamic blood
`pressure.
`
`[0033] Another aspect of the present invention is a method
`for monitoring a user’s vital signs. The method includes
`generating a signal corresponding to the flow of blood
`through an artery of the user. The signal is generated from
`an optical device. Next, the heart rate data of the user and an
`oxygen saturation level data of the user is generated from the
`signal. Next, the heart rate data of the user and the oxygen
`saturation level data of the user are processed for analysis of
`calories expended by the user and for display of the user’s
`heart rate and blood oxygen saturation level. Next,
`the
`calories expended by the user, the user’s heart rate or the
`user’s blood oxygen saturation level are displayed on a
`display member disposed on an exterior surface ofanarticle,
`which is controlled by the user using a control component
`extending from thearticle.
`
`[0034] Having briefly described the present invention, the
`above and further objects, features and advantages thereof
`will be recognized by those skilled in the pertinent art from
`the following detailed description of the invention when
`taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
`
`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL
`VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS
`
`FIG.1 is a perspective view of a preferred embodi-
`[0035]
`ment of a monitoring device worn by a user.
`
`[0036] FIG. 1A is a cross-sectional view of a band of a
`watch of the present invention.
`
`8
`
`

`

`US 2006/0253010 Al
`
`Nov. 9, 2006
`
`[0037] FIG. 2 is a perspective view of an alternative
`embodiment of a monitoring device worn by a user.
`
`[0038] FIG. 2A is an isolated view of a light source and
`plurality of photodetectors of the monitoring device of FIG.
`2.
`
`the optical sensor may be placed over other arteries of the
`user without departing from the scope and spirit of the
`present invention. Further, the optical sensor 30 need only be
`in proximity to an artery of the user in order to obtain a
`reading or signal.
`
`[0039] FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a watch of the
`present invention.
`
`[0040] FIG. 3A is an enlarged view of a band of a watch,
`and the watch.
`
`Ina preferred embodiment, the optical sensor 30 is
`[0051]
`a photodetector 130 and a single light emitting diode
`(“LED”) 135 transmitting light at a wavelength of approxi-
`mately 660 nanometers. As the heart pumps blood through
`the arteries in the user’s ankle or wrist, blood cells absorb
`and transmit varying amountsof the light depending on how
`much oxygenbindsto the cells’ hemoglobin. The photode-
`tector 30, which is typically a photodiode, detects transmis-
`sion at the red wavelengths, and in response generates a
`radiation-induced signal. Yet in an alternative embodiment,
`[0042] FIG.5is a cut-away of a user’s wrist to illustrate
`the optical device 30 is based on green light wherein a LED
`the user’s radial artery.
`generates green light (A~500-600 nm), and the phtotodetec-
`tor detects the green light.
`
`[0041] FIG. 4 is a view of a user’s wrist with the user’s
`radial artery shown in phantom lines with an optical sensor
`of an article of the present invention placed over the radial
`artery.
`
`FIG.6 is a flow chart for using the control com-
`[0043]
`ponent to input information and output information on a
`display of the monitoring device.
`
`FIG.7 is an imageofan activity log of information
`[0044]
`obtained from a monitoring device.
`
`FIG.8 is an imageof calorie information obtained
`[0045]
`from a monitoring device.
`
`DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE
`INVENTION
`
`[0046] As shown in FIGS. 1-4, a monitoring device is
`generally designated 20. The monitoring device 20 prefer-
`ably includes an article 25, an optical sensor 30, a circuitry
`assembly 35, a control component 43, connection wires 45,
`and optionally a display member 40. The monitoring device
`20 is preferably worn on a user’s wrist 71.
`
`[0047] The article 25, which is preferably a watch, pref-
`erably has a main body portion 95, a first band 96a and a
`second band 96d. The watch 25 is sized to securely attach to
`a user’s wrist 71. The watch 25 is adopted to act as a
`monitoring device or a monitoring device is integrated into
`a watch. The term article and watch are used interchange-
`ably and thoseskilled in the pertinent art will recognize that
`a watch is a preferred embodimentof the article 25.
`
`It is desirous to adapt the article 25 to the anatomy
`[0048]
`of the user’s wrist. Each ofthe first band 96a and the second
`
`965 is preferably composed of neoprene, leather, synthetic
`leather, or other similar material, or a combination thereof.
`The article 25 preferably has a mass ranging from 5 grams
`to 50 grams. Preferably, the lower the massofthe article 25,
`the more comfort to the user. The optical sensor 30 and
`optional circuitry assembly 35 are preferably disposed on
`one of the first band 96a or second band 96d.
`
`[0049] The optical sensor 30 is preferably positioned on an
`interior surface 98 of one of the first band 96a or second
`
`band 964 of the watch 25. The optical sensor 30 is preferably
`connected to the circuitry assembly 35 by the connection
`wires 45. The connection wires 45 are preferably embedded
`within one of the first band 96a or second band 966 of the
`watch 25, and also connected to the main body portion 95.
`
`[0050] The optical sensor 30 of the monitoring device 20
`is preferably positioned over the radial artery 77 of a user.
`However, those skilled in the pertinentart will recognize that
`
`the optical sensor 30 is a pulse
`[0052] Alternatively,
`oximetry device with a light source 135 that
`typically
`includes LEDs that generate both red (A~660 nm) and
`infrared (A~900 nm)radiation. As the heart pumps blood
`through the arteries in the wrist of the user, blood cells
`absorb and transmit varying amounts of the red and infrared
`radiation depending on how much oxygen bindstothe cells’
`hemoglobin. The photodetector 130, which is typically a
`photodiode, detects transmission at the red and infrared
`wavelengths, and in response generates a radiation-induced
`signal.
`
`[0053] Alternatively, the optical sensor 30 is pulse oxim-
`etry device comprising the photodetector 130, a first light
`source 135 and a second light source 135a, not shown. In
`this embodiment, the first light source 135 emits light in an
`infrared range (A~900 nm) andthe secondlight source 135a
`emits light in a red range (A~630 nm).
`
`[0054] The light source 135 typically is a light-emitting
`diode that emits light in a range from 570 nanometers to
`1100 nanometers. As the heart pumps blood through the
`patient’s wrist, blood cells absorb and transmit varying
`amounts of the red and infrared radiation depending on how
`much oxygenbindsto the cells’ hemoglobin. The photode-
`tector 130, which is typically a photodiode, detects trans-
`mission at the red and infrared wavelengths, and in response
`generates a radiation-induced currentthattravels through the
`connection wires 45 to the circuitry assembly 35 on the
`article 25.
`
`[0055] Alternatively, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 2A, the
`optical sensor includes a plurality of photodetectors 130 and
`a single LED 135.
`
`[0056] A preferred photodetector 130 is a light-to-voltage
`photodetector such as the TSL260R and TSL261, TSL261R
`photodetectors available from TAOS, Inc of Plano Tex.
`Alternatively, the photodetector 130 is a light-to-frequency
`photodetector such as the TSL245R,whichis also available
`from TAOS, Inc. The light-to-voltage photodetectors have
`an integrated transimpedance amplifier on a single mono-
`lithic integrated circuit, which reduces the need for ambient
`light filtering. The TSL261 photodetector preferably oper-
`ates at a wavelength greater than 750 nanometers, and
`optimally at 940 nanometers, which would preferably have
`a LED that radiates light at those wavelengths. A preferred
`
`9
`
`

`

`US 2006/0253010 Al
`
`Nov. 9, 2006
`
`optical sensor 30 utilizing green light is a TRS1755 sensor
`from TAOS, Inc of Plano Tex. The TRS1755 comprises a
`green LED light source (567 nm wavelength) and a light-
`to-voltage converter. The output voltage is directly propor-
`tional to the reflected light intensity.
`
`Ina preferred embodiment, the circuit assembly 35
`[0057]
`is flexible to allow for the contour of the user’s wrist, and the
`movementthereof. Preferably the dimensions of a board of
`the circuit assembly 35 are approximately 39 millimeters
`(length) by approximately 21 millimeters (width) by 0.5
`millimeters (thickness). The circuit assembly 35 is prefer-
`ably embedded within a band 96a of the watch 25. The
`circuit assembly 35 is preferably shaped to fit within thefirst
`band 96a.
`
`[0058] Alternatively, the circuitry assembly 35 includes a
`flexible microprocessor board and a flexible pulse oximetry
`board. An alternative pulse oximetry board is a BCI MICRO
`POWERoximetry board, which is a low power, micro-size
`easily integrated board which provides blood oxygenation
`level, pulse rate (heart rate), signal strength bargraph,
`plethysmogram andstatus bits data. The size of the boardis
`preferably 25.4 millimeters
`(length)x12.7 millimeters
`(width)x5 millimeters
`(thickness). The microprocessor
`board receives data from the pulse oximetry board and
`processes the data to display on the display member 40. The
`microprocessor can also store data. The microprocessor can
`process the data to display pulse rate, blood oxygenation
`levels, calories expendedbythe userof a pre-set time period,
`target zone activity,
`time and dynamic blood pressure.
`Alternatively, the circuitry assembly 35 is a single board
`with a pulse oximetry circuit and a microprocessor.
`
`[0059] The display member40 is preferably a light emit-
`ting diode (“LED”). Alternatively, the display member40 is
`a liquid crystal display (“LCD”) or other similar display
`device.
`
`[0060] On the circuitry assembly 35, a microcontroller
`processes the signal generated from the optical sensor 30 to
`generate the plurality of vital sign information for the user
`which is displayed on the display member 40. The control
`component 43 is connected to the circuit assembly 35 to
`control the input of information and the output of informa-
`tion displayed on the display member40.
`
`[0061] The monitoring device 20 is preferably powered by
`a power source positioned on the watch 25. Preferably the
`power source is a battery accessible at an interior surface of
`the main body portion 95. The power source is preferably
`connected to the circuit assembly 35 by positive wire and
`ground wire, and the ground wire and positive wire are
`embedded within the article 25.
`
`In an alternative embodiment, a short range wire-
`[0062]
`less transceiver 36 is included in the circuitry assembly 35
`for transmitting information processed from the optical
`sensor 30 to a receiver on the watch 25. Alternatively, the
`information is transmitted to a handheld device or a com-
`puter, not shown, to form a system. The display member 40
`is optional in this embodiment.
`
`[0063] The short-range wireless transceiveris preferably a
`transmitter operating on a wireless protocol, e.g. Blue-
`tooth™, part-15, or 802.11. “Part-15” refers to a conven-
`tional low-power, short-range wireless protocol, such as that
`used in cordless telephones. The short-range wireless trans-
`
`mitter (e.g., a Bluetooth™ transmitter) receives information
`from the microprocessor and transmits this information in
`the form of a packet through an antenna. The external laptop
`computer or hand-held device features a similar antenna
`coupled to a matched wireless, short-range receiver that
`receives the packet. In certain embodiments, the hand-held
`device is a cellular telephone with a Bluetooth circuit
`integrated directly into a chipset used in the cellular tele-
`phone. In this case, the cellular telephone may include a
`software application that receives, processes, and displays
`the information. The secondary wireless component may
`also include a long-range wireless transmitter that transmits
`information over a terrestrial, satellite, or 802.11-based
`wireless network. Suitable networks include those operating
`at
`least one of the following protocols: COMA, GSM,
`GPRS, Mobitex, DataTac, iDEN, and analogs and deriva-
`tives thereof. Alternatively, the handheld device is a pager or
`PDA.
`
`[0064] A flow chart diagram 400 for using the control
`component43 with the display member40 is shown in FIG.
`6. As mentioned above, the control component 43 allows a
`user to scroll and select from terms displayed on the display
`member 40. User inputs preferably include age, gender,
`weight, height and resting heart rate which can be inputted
`and stored in a memory ofthe circuit assembly 35. The real
`time heart rate of the useris preferably displayed as a default
`display, and the user’s real time heart rate is preferably
`updated every ten seconds based on measurements from the
`optical sensor 30. Based on the user inputs, the calories
`expendedbythe userfor a set time period are calculated and
`displayed on the display member 40 as desired by the user
`using the control component 43. The monitoring device 20
`will also preferably include a conventional stop watch
`function, which is displayed on the display member 40 as
`desired by the user. The display member 40 preferably
`displays a visual alert when a user enters or exits a target
`zone such as a cardio zone or fat burning zone. The
`monitoring device 20 optionally includes an audio alert for
`entering or exiting such target zones.
`
`[0065] The user can use the control component 43 to
`maneuver between the user’s real-time heart rate and real
`
`time calories expendedbythe user during a set time period.
`The user can also scroll through a menu-like display on the
`display member 40 and enter options by pushing downward
`on the control component 43. The options can preferably
`include a “My Data” section which the user inputs by
`scrolling and selection an option by pushing downward,
`such as selecting between male and female for gender. The
`user can also select target zones by scrolling through a
`different section of the menu. As discussed below, each
`target zone is calculated using a formula based upon the
`user’s personal data. In operation, when a specific target
`zone is selected, a visual alert in the form of a specific
`display such as an icon-like picture is displayed on the
`display member 40 to demonstrate that the user is now in the
`specified target zone. The icon preferably blinks for a set
`period of time such as ten seconds. Those skilled in the
`pertinent art will recognize that other options may be
`included on the menu-like display without departing from
`the spirit and scope of the present invention.
`
`In yet an alternative embodiment, an accelerom-
`[0066]
`eter, not shown, is embedded within the main body portion
`95 of the watch 25 and connected to the circuitry assembly
`
`10
`
`10
`
`

`

`US 2006/0253010 Al
`
`Nov. 9, 2006
`
`35 in order to provide information on the distance traveled
`by the user. In a preferred embodiment, the accelerometeris
`a multiple-axis accelerometer, such as the ADXL202 made
`by Analog Devices of Norwood, Mass. This device is a
`standard micro-electronic-machine (“MEMs”) module that
`measures acceleration and deceleration using an array of
`silicon-based structures.
`
`In yet another embodiment, the monitoring device
`[0067]
`20 comprises a first thermistor, not shown, for measuring the
`temperature of the user’s skin and a second thermistor, not
`shown, for measuring the temperate of the air. The tempera-
`ture readings are displayed on the display member 40 and
`the skin temperature is preferably utilized in further deter-
`mining the calories expended by the user during a set time
`period. One such commercially available thermistor is sold
`under the brand LM34 from National Semiconductor of
`Santa Clara, Calif. A microcontroller that is utilized with the
`thermistor is sold under the brand name ATMega 8535 by
`Atmel of San Jose, Calif.
`
`[0068] The monitoring device 20 may also be able to
`downloadthe information to a computerfor further process-
`ing and storage of information. The download may be
`wireless or through cable connection. The information can
`generate an activity log 250 such as shown in FIG.7, or a
`calorie chart 255 such as shown in FIG.8.
`
`[0069] The microprocessor can use various methods to
`calculate calories burned by a user. One such method uses
`the Harris-Benedict formula Other methods are set forth at
`
`are
`parts
`www.unu.edu/unupress/food2/which relevant
`hereby incorporated by reference. The Harris-Benedict for-
`mula uses the factors of height, weight, age, and sex to
`determine basal metabolic rate (BMR). This equation is very
`accurate in all but the extremely muscular (will underesti-
`mate calorie needs) and the extremely overweight (will
`overestimate caloric needs) user.
`
`[0070] The equations for men and womenare set forth
`below:
`
`Men: BMR=66+(13.7xmass (kg))+(5xheight (cm))-
`(6.8xage (years))
`Women: BMR=655+(9.6xmass)+(1.8xheight)-(4.7x
`age)
`
`[0071] The calories burned are calculated by multiplying
`the BMRbythe following appropriate activity factor: sed-
`entary; lightly active; moderately active; very active; and
`extra active.
`
`Sedentary=BMR multiplied by 1.2 (little or no exer-
`cise, desk job)
`Lightly active=BMR multiplied by 1.375 (light exer-
`cise/sports 1-3 days/wk)
`Moderately Active=BMR multiplied by 1.55 (moder-
`ate exercise/sports 3-5 days/wk)
`Very active=BMR multiplied by 1.725 (hard exercise/
`sports 6-7 days/wk)
`Extra Active=BMR multiplied by 1.9 (hard daily exer-
`cise/sports & physical job or 2xday training, marathon,
`football camp, contest, etc.)
`
`[0072] Various target zones may also be calculated by the
`microprocessor. These target zones include: fat burn zone;
`cardio zone; moderate activity zone; weight management
`zone; aerobic zone; anaerobic threshold zone; and red-line
`zone.
`
`Fat Burn Zone=(220-age)x60%&70%
`
`An example for a thirty-eight year old female:
`(220-38)x0.6=109
`(220-38)x0.7=127
`
`[0073] Fat Burn Zone between 109 to 127 heart beats
`per minute.
`Cardio Zone=(220-your age)x70%&80%
`
`An example for a thirty-eight year old female:
`(220-38)x0.7=127
`
`(220-38)x0.8=146
`
`[0074] Cardio zone is between 127 & 146 heart beats
`per minute.
`
`[0075] Moderate Activity Zone, at 50 to 60 percent of your
`maximum heart rate, burns fat more readily than carbohy-
`drates. That is the zone one should exercise at if one wants
`
`slow, even conditioning with little pain or strain.
`
`[0076] Weight Management Zone, at 60 to 70 percent of
`maximum, strengthens ones heart and burnssufficient calo-
`ries to lower one’s body weight.
`
`[0077] Aerobic Zone, at 70 to 80 percent of maximum,not
`only strengthens one’s heart but also trains one’s body to
`process oxygen more efliciently, improving endurance.
`
`[0078] Anaerobic Threshold Zone, at 80 to 90 percent of
`maximum, improves one’s ability to rid one’s body of the
`lactic-acid buildup that leads to muscles ache near one’s
`performancelimit. Over time,training in this zone will raise
`one’s limit.
`
`[0079] Red-Line Zone, at 90 to 100 percent of maximum,
`is where serious athletes train when they are striving for
`speed instead of endurance.
`
`EXAMPLE ONE
`
`Female, 30 yrs old, height 167.6 centimeters, weight 54.5
`kilograms.
`
`The BMR=65545234302-141=1339 calories/day.
`
`[0080] The BMRis 1339 calories per day. The activity
`level is moderately