`Rallison et al.
`
`54) HEAD-MOUNTED PERSONAL VISUAL
`DISPLAY APPARATUS WITH IMAGE
`GENERATOR AND HOLDER
`
`75 Inventors: Richard Dennis Rallison, Paradise,
`Utah; C. Gregory Amadon, Seattle,
`Wash.; Wolfgang Adam Mack, Jr.,
`Seattle, Wash.; Leo Nikora, Bellevue,
`Wash.; Eric Tseo, Seattle, Wash.;
`Douglas Donaldson, Bothell, Wash.;
`Robert T. Etter, Bonney Lake, Wash.
`73 Assignee: i-O Display Systems LLC, Menlo
`Park, Calif.
`
`21 Appl. No.: 08/686,843
`22 Filed:
`Jul. 12, 1996
`Related U.S. Application Data
`63 Continuation of application No. PCT/US95/11344, Aug. 31,
`1995, which is a continuation-in-part of application No.
`08/416.919, Apr. 21, 1995, Pat. No. 5,903.395
`60
`Provisional application No. 60/001,151, Jul. 14, 1995.
`Int. Cl. .............................. G02B 27/14; G09G 5/00
`51
`52 U.S. Cl. ................................................. 359/630; 345/8
`58 Field of Search ..................................... 359/630, 631,
`359/633; 345/7, 8; 351/114, 115
`References Cited
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`56)
`
`D. 300,476 3/1989 Sestak ...................................... D29/18
`D. 301,644 6/1989 Sestak ...................................... D29/18
`D. 334,557 4/1993 Hunter et al. .
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`0 059 770 9/1982 European Pat. Off. ........ GO1R 33/04
`O 460983 A1 5/1991 European Pat. Off. ........ GO2B 27/OO
`O 453 347 10/1991 European Pat. Off. ......... GO1V 3/08
`(List continued on next page.)
`
`
`
`USOO599.1085A
`Patent Number:
`11
`(45) Date of Patent:
`
`5,991,085
`Nov. 23, 1999
`
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`Aley et al., “A Sourceless Orientation Sensor”, Sensors,
`Nov. 1993, p. 55.
`Analog Devices, Inc., “Analog Devices”, Specifications,
`1995, pp. 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19.
`(List continued on next page.)
`Primary Examiner-Georgia Epps
`Assistant Examiner Ricky Mack
`Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Sheridan Ross P.C.
`57
`ABSTRACT
`A Visual display device is provided for delivering a gener
`ated image, preferably combinable with environment light,
`to the eye of a user. The device is lightweight and compact
`but yields a high quality image. In one embodiment, a
`Shroud protects from Stray light and holds optical elements
`in desired alignment. In one embodiment an image generator
`is masked by at least two masks to provide for a high quality
`image without waste. In one embodiment, a removably
`mounted Shield or activatable device and convert the appa
`ratus from a See-through device to an immersion device and
`back again. In one embodiment, the device can be comfort
`ably mounted to the user's head while still allowing for use
`of conventional eyeglasses. A tracker for outputting an
`indication of the orientation, attitude and/or position of a
`head-mounted display (HMD) may be provided. The tracker
`can be configured so that it is incorporated in the HMD
`housing and/or can be easily decoupled from the HMD, so
`that the HMD can be used without the tracker (e.g. for
`watching movies). Preferably, decoupling involves unplug
`ging a single electrical connector (Such as a cable) and
`unfastening a mechanical connection (Such as a strap).
`Preferably the tracker provides pass-through of Signal to the
`HMD and, when the tracker is coupled to the HMD, only a
`single cable or other data link connects the HMD-tracker
`combination to the host computer. In one embodiment, the
`tracker uses magnetic Sensors. In another embodiment, one
`or more inertial Sensors, Such as a rate gyro and/or accel
`erometers are used.
`
`22 Claims, 32 Drawing Sheets
`
`META 1023
`META V. THALES
`
`
`
`5,991,085
`Page 2
`
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`
`
`
`META 1023
`META V. THALES
`
`
`
`5,991,085
`Page 3
`
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`
`
`META 1023
`META V. THALES
`
`
`
`5,991,085
`Page 4
`
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`2 164748 3/1986 United Kingdom ........... GO1C 17/08
`2 177 512 1/1987 United Kingdom
`GO1C 17/28
`2 179 543 3/1987 United Kingdom.
`2 195 180 3/1988 United Kingdom ........... GO1C 17/04
`2266385A 10/1993 United Kingdom ........... GO2B 23/10
`2270775A 3/1994 United Kingdom ........... GO2B 27/02
`2279 201 12/1994 United Kingdom ............. HO4R 1/10
`2281,846 3/1995 United Kingdom.
`... A45F 3/OO
`84/O1680 4/1984 WIPO ..
`... HO4N 5/64
`WO92/O1276 1/1992 WIPO .............................. GO9B 9/10
`WO 92/03756 3/1992 WIPO .
`... GO2B 27/00
`WO 92/15078 9/1992 WIPO .............................. GO9B 9/OO
`WO92/21117 11/1992 WIPO .............................. GO9B 9/34
`93/23783 11/1993 WIPO.
`G09G 3/02
`WO 94/11855 5/1994 WIPO
`G09G 3/02
`WO 94/14152 6/1994 WIPO .
`... GO2B 27/01
`WO95/21395 8/1994 WIPO .
`WO 94/24658 10/1994 WIPO .............................. SOG 392
`WO95/1006 1
`4/1995 WIPO ............................ GO2B 26/10
`WO95/101.06 4/1995 WIPO .............................. G09G 3/02
`
`
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`
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