(19) United States
`(12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2007/0182367 A1
`PartOVi
`(43) Pub. Date:
`Aug. 9, 2007
`
`US 20070182367A1
`
`(54) INDUCTIVE POWER SOURCE AND
`CHARGING SYSTEM
`
`(76) Inventor: Afshin Partovi, Sunnyvale, CA (US)
`Correspondence Address:
`FLESLER MEYER LLP
`6SO CALFORNASTREET
`14TH FLOOR
`SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94108 (US)
`
`(21) Appl. No.:
`(22) Filed:
`
`11/669,113
`an. 30, 2007
`
`e a V8
`
`Related U.S. Application Data
`(60) Provisional application No. 60/763,816, filed on Jan.
`31, 2006. Provisional application No. 60/810,262,
`filed on Jun 1, 2006. Provisional application No.
`60/810,298, filed on Jun. 1, 2006. Provisional appli
`cation No. 60/868,674, filed on Dec. 5, 2006.
`
`Publication Classification
`
`(51) Int. Cl.
`H02. 700
`
`(2006.01)
`
`(52) U.S. Cl. .............................................................. 32O/108
`
`(57)
`
`ABSTRACT
`
`A portable inductive power source, power device, or unit, for
`use in powering or charging electrical, electronic, battery
`operated, mobile, and other devices is disclosed herein. In
`p
`s
`s
`accordance with an embodiment the system comprises a pad
`or similar base unit that contains a primary, which creates an
`alternating magnetic field by means of applying an alternat
`ing current to a winding, coil, or any type of current carrying
`wire. A receiver comprises a means for receiving the energy
`from the alternating magnetic field from the pad and trans
`ferring it to a mobile or other device. In some embodiments
`the receiver can also comprise electronic components or
`logic to set the Voltage and current to the appropriate levels
`required by the mobile device, or to communicate informa
`tion or data to and from the pad. Embodiments may also
`incorporate efficiency measures that improve the efficiency
`of power transfer between the charger and receiver.
`
`104
`
`104
`
`(6) (6) (6)
`(6) (6) (6)
`
`Mojo Pad
`
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`Patent Application Publication Aug. 9, 2007 Sheet 1 of 11
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`US 2007/0182367 A1
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`100
`
`104
`
`104
`
`FIG. 1
`
`112 NCharger 116
`
`
`
`120
`
`Receiver-1'''
`
`FIG. 2
`
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`

`

`(G) (G) (G) (G) (6)(6)
`(6)(6)(6)(6)(6)(6)
`
`FIG. 3
`
`
`
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`

`

`ication Aug. 9, 2007 Sheet 3 of 11
`
`US 2007/0182367 A1
`
`
`
`FIG. 6
`
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`Patent Application Publication Aug. 9, 2007 Sheet 4 of 11
`
`US 2007/0182367 A1
`
`190-
`Shell/COver
`194
`
`200
`Replacement
`Shell/COVer
`210
`
`Device
`192 -m. Power Jack
`196
`
`
`
`With Original Shell
`
`Shell With Receiver
`
`FIG. 7
`
`220
`
`Y
`
`I, 1224
`
`
`
`t
`Int
`EEE,
`228
`226
`
`Communications/
`Storage Unit
`230
`234
`
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`Patent Application Publication Aug. 9, 2007 Sheet 5 of 11
`
`US 2007/0182367 A1
`
`
`
`Receiver
`
`FIG. 10
`
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`Patent Application Publication Aug. 9, 2007 Sheet 6 of 11
`
`US 2007/0182367 A1
`
`L2
`
`296
`
`Vbat
`
`RFID
`Antenna
`& Chip
`
`292
`
`F
`
`FIG. 11
`
`
`
`300
`4.5
`4
`S 3.5
`as
`3
`2.5
`2
`1.5
`1
`O.5
`O
`- 1
`
`i
`Y
`
`0.25
`O
`-0.75 -0.5 -0.25
`Offset (Radius, r)
`FIG. 12
`
`0.5
`
`0.75
`
`1
`
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`

`

`
`
`320 N
`
`326
`
`FIG. 14
`FIG. 14
`
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`Patent Application Publication Aug. 9, 2007 Sheet 8 of 11
`
`US 2007/0182367 A1
`
`330 N
`
`334
`
`332
`332
`
`336
`
`334
`
`
`
`FIG. 15
`
`FIG. 16
`
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`Patent Application Publication Aug. 9, 2007 Sheet 9 of 11
`
`US 2007/0182367 A1
`
`Vbat
`
`RFID
`Antenna
`& Chip
`
`F
`
`FIG. 17
`
`L2
`
`
`
`Multilayer
`PCB COil
`
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`Patent Application Publication Aug. 9, 2007 Sheet 10 of 11
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`US 2007/0182367 A1
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`ElectronicS 364 N-360
`Battery
`
`FIG. 19
`
`Solar Cell
`376
`
`
`
`370
`
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`Patent Application Publication Aug. 9, 2007 Sheet 11 of 11
`
`US 2007/0182367 A1
`
`
`
`– O
`
`V VS
`
`384
`
`ElectronicS
`
`FIG. 21
`
`394
`
`FIG. 22
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`US 2007/0182367 A1
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`Aug. 9, 2007
`
`INDUCTIVE POWER SOURCE AND CHARGING
`SYSTEM
`
`CLAIM OF PRIORITY
`0001. This application claims the benefit of provisional
`patent applications “PORTABLE INDUCTIVE POWER
`SOURCE, Application No. 60/763,816, filed Jan. 31, 2006:
`“MOBILE DEVICE, CHARGER, AND POWER SUP
`PLY”, Application No. 60/810,262, filed Jun. 1, 2006:
`“MOBILE DEVICE, BATTERY CHARGING SYSTEM,
`AND POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM”, Application No.
`60/810,298, filed Jun. 1, 2006; and “SYSTEM AND
`METHOD FOR PROVIDING AND USINGAPORTABLE
`INDUCTIVE POWER SOURCE, Application No. 60/868,
`674, filed Dec. 5, 2006; each of which applications are
`hereby incorporated by reference herein.
`
`COPYRIGHT NOTICE
`0002 A portion of the disclosure of this patent document
`contains material which is subject to copyright protection.
`The copyright owner has no objection to the facsimile
`reproduction by anyone of the patent document or the patent
`disclosure, as it appears in the Patent and Trademark Office
`patent file or records, but otherwise reserves all copyright
`rights whatsoever.
`
`FIELD OF THE INVENTION
`0003) The invention is related generally to power Sup
`plies and other power Sources, and particularly to a portable
`inductive power Source.
`
`BACKGROUND
`0004 There is currently a need for powering portable or
`mobile devices for use in commercial, business, personal,
`consumer, and other applications. Examples of Such devices
`include cellular telephones, personal digital assistants
`(PDAs), notebook computers, mobile email devices, Black
`berry devices, Bluetooth headsets, music players (for
`example, MP3 players), radios, compact disk players, video
`game consoles, digital cameras, electric shavers, and electric
`toothbrushes. Most of these devices include a rechargeable
`internal battery that must be first charged by an external
`power supply or charger, before the device itself can be used.
`The power supply typically provides direct current (DC)
`Voltage through a special connector to the device. The power
`Supply can then be disconnected, and the device will con
`tinue to run for a short period of time until the battery is
`depleted. The voltage and power requirements of the differ
`ent devices vary, and to date there is currently no standard
`ized connector for the devices. As a result of this, each
`mobile device is invariably sold or distributed bundled with
`its own charger. The costs associated with these multiple
`different types and numbers of charger are paid by the
`consumer indirectly by being incorporated into the prices
`being charged for the mobile device.
`0005 The rapid increase in the total number and variety
`of mobile products has meant that most people have several
`of the above-mentioned devices. In a typical day, that user
`would have to separately connect their multiple devices to
`each of their appropriate chargers for charging of each
`device. In addition, many people find it necessary to charge
`their devices in different locations such as their offices and
`
`cars. Thus, many users have purchased additional chargers
`for their offices and cars, for use in charging their mobile
`phones, notebook computers, and music players in those
`locations.
`0006.
`It will be evident that the above situation has
`caused typical users to have a multitude of incompatible
`devices (i.e. power Supplies and chargers) that essentially
`provide the same function of charging a mobile device, but
`because of the number and variety that must be kept by the
`user are inconvenient to use. In many situations, users
`simply forget to charge their devices, or else find they need
`to recharge their device in situations where no appropriate
`charger is available. This leads to loss of ability to use the
`device when desired or needed.
`0007. In addition, when traveling way from home, mobile
`users have a particular problem in that they need to pack and
`carry the multiple chargers for their devices. In many
`situations, these chargers are bulkier and heavier than the
`devices themselves, and use of these devices in foreign
`countries requires clumsy adaptors, and sometimes Voltage
`converters. This leads to a high degree of inconvenience for
`the ever-more-mobile consumer.
`0008. In addition, the power connector for the mobile
`devices is often cheaply manufactured, and a source of
`mechanical and electrical failure. In many applications. Such
`as toothbrushes or applications where the device is exposed
`to water and needs to be hermetically sealed. Such a physical
`connection can not be used. Thus an alternative means of
`powering those types of devices must be used.
`0009. Several products have tried to address this situa
`tion. Some companies propose the use of a universal charger
`that consists of a power Supply base unit, and interchange
`able tips that both fit into the base unit and in turn fit different
`devices. The tip includes a customized regulator that sets the
`Voltage required by the particular device. However, a user
`must carry the multiple tips he or she needs for each of the
`various devices they have, and then charge each device
`serially by connecting the device to the power supply. While
`this product reduces the overall weight of the charging tools
`the user must carry, the user still needs to carry and exchange
`the tips to connect to different devices. In addition, the
`charging of multiple devices simultaneously is often not
`possible.
`0010 Realizing that a power supply typically contains a
`transformer for Voltage conversion, another approach is to
`split the transformer into two parts: a first part can contain
`the first winding and the electronics to drive this winding at
`the appropriate operating frequency, while the second part
`consists of a winding where power is received and then
`rectified to obtain DC voltage. If the two parts are brought
`into physical proximity to each other, power is transformed
`from the first part to the second inductively, i.e. by induction,
`without any physical electrical connection. This is the
`approach that is used in many electrical toothbrushes, shav
`ers, and other products that are expected to be used in wet
`environments. However, a common problem with Such
`inductive units is that the windings are bulky, which restricts
`their use in lightweight portable devices. Furthermore, to
`achieve adequate power transfer, the parts must be designed
`to fit together suitably so that their windings are closely
`aligned. This is typically done by molding the device casing
`(for example, an electric toothbrush) and its charger/holder
`
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`US 2007/0182367 A1
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`
`so that they fit together in only one suitable way. However,
`the molded base and shape of the portable device means they
`cannot be used in a universal fashion to power other devices.
`0011 Some companies have proposed pad-like charging
`devices based on inductive concepts, but that also ostensibly
`allow for different types of devices to be charged. These
`pads typically includes grids of wires in an X and y direction,
`that carry an electrical current, and that generate a uniform
`magnetic field parallel to the Surface of the pad. A secondary
`coil wound around a magnetic core lies on the Surface of the
`pad and picks up the magnetic field parallel to the Surface,
`and in this manner energy can be transferred. However, each
`of these methods suffer from poor power transfer, in that
`most of the power in the primary is not picked up in the
`secondary, and thus the overall power efficiency of the
`charger is very low. In addition, the magnetic cores used for
`the primary and secondary are often bulky and add to the
`total cost and size of the system, and limit incorporation into
`many devices.
`0012 Another point to note is that, while all of the above
`devices allow a user to charge a device, they also require the
`charging device or base unit to be electrically connected to
`a power source, such as a power outlet or a DC Source. In
`many cases, the user may not have access to Such a power
`Source Such as when traveling, camping, or working in an
`area without access to power. However, to date, no device
`has been provided that is portable, and that allows for
`inductive charging of multiple devices with differing power
`requirements, and which itself can be intermittently or
`occasionally charged either by an external power source, or
`by other means, or that is self-powered or includes its own
`power source.
`
`SUMMARY
`0013 A portable inductive power source, power device,
`or unit, for use in powering or charging electrical, electronic,
`battery-operated, mobile, and other devices is disclosed
`herein. In accordance with an embodiment the system com
`prises 2 parts: The first part is a pad or similar base unit that
`contains a primary, which creates an alternating magnetic
`field by means of applying an alternating current to a
`winding, coil, or any type of current carrying wire. The
`second part of the system is a receiver that comprises a
`means for receiving the energy from the alternating mag
`netic field from the pad and transferring it to a mobile or
`other device. The receiver may comprise coils, windings, or
`any wire that can sense a changing magnetic field, and
`rectify it to produce a direct current (DC) voltage, which is
`then used to charge or power the device.
`0014. In some embodiments the receiver can also com
`prise electronic components or logic to set the Voltage and
`current to the appropriate levels required by the mobile
`device, or to communicate information to the pad. In addi
`tional embodiments, the system can provide for additional
`functionality Such as communication of data stored in the
`electronic device or to be transferred to the device. Some
`embodiments may also incorporate efficiency measures that
`improve the efficiency of power transfer between the charger
`and receiver, and ultimately to the mobile device. In accor
`dance with an embodiment the device includes an internal
`battery for self-powered operation. In accordance with other
`embodiments the device can include a solar cell power
`
`Source, hand crank, or other means of power Supply for
`occasional self powered operation. Other embodiments can
`be incorporated into charging kiosks, automobiles, and other
`applications.
`
`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
`0015 FIG. 1 shows a pad using multiple receiver?ener
`gizer coils in accordance with an embodiment of the inven
`tion.
`0016 FIG. 2 shows a figure of a circuit diagram in
`accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
`0017 FIG. 3 shows a charging pad using multiple coils in
`accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
`0018 FIG. 4 shows a charging pad using multiple over
`lapping coil layers in accordance with an embodiment of the
`invention.
`0.019
`FIG. 5 shows the use of multiple coil types and
`sizes in overlapping pad layers in accordance with an
`embodiment of the invention.
`0020 FIG. 6 shows a receiver with an integrated battery
`in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
`0021
`FIG. 7 shows a coupling of receiver with a device
`to be charged in accordance with an embodiment of the
`invention.
`0022 FIG. 8 shows a pad allowing modular or multiple
`connectivity in accordance with an embodiment of the
`invention.
`0023 FIG. 9 shows a figure of a circuit diagram in
`accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
`0024 FIG. 10 shows a figure of a circuit diagram in
`accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
`0025 FIG. 11 shows a figure of a circuit diagram in
`accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
`0026 FIG. 12 shows a figure of power transfer chart in
`accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
`0027 FIG. 13 shows a figure of a coil layout in accor
`dance with an embodiment of the invention.
`0028 FIG. 14 shows a figure of a coil layout in accor
`dance with an embodiment of the invention.
`0029 FIG. 15 shows a figure of a charging pad with
`multiple coils in accordance with an embodiment of the
`invention.
`0030 FIG. 16 shows a figure of a charging pad with
`movable coils in accordance with an embodiment of the
`invention.
`0031
`FIG. 17 shows a figure of a circuit diagram in
`accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
`0032 FIG. 18 shows an illustration of a means of stack
`ing coils, in accordance with an embodiment of the inven
`tion.
`0033 FIG. 19 shows an illustration of a device for
`inductive power charging that includes an internal battery
`for self-powered operation, in accordance with an embodi
`ment of the invention.
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`
`0034 FIG. 20 shows an illustration of an inductive
`charger unit with a solar cell power source for self powered
`operation, in accordance with an embodiment of the inven
`tion.
`0035 FIG. 21 shows an illustration of an inductive
`charger unit with an incorporated communications and/or
`storage unit, in accordance with an embodiment of the
`invention.
`0.036
`FIG. 22 shows an illustration of a kiosk that
`incorporates an inductive charger unit in accordance with an
`embodiment of the invention.
`
`DETAILED DESCRIPTION
`0037. A portable inductive power source, power device,
`or unit, for use in powering or charging electrical, electronic,
`battery-operated, mobile, and other devices is disclosed
`herein. In accordance with an embodiment the system com
`prises 2 parts: The first part is a pad or similar base unit that
`contains a primary, which creates an alternating magnetic
`field by means of applying an alternating current to a
`winding, coil, or any type of current carrying wire. In some
`embodiments the pad can also contain various signaling, and
`Switching or communication circuitry, or means of identi
`fying the presence of devices to be charged. In some
`embodiments the pad can also contain multiple coils or
`sections to charge various devices or to allow charging of
`devices placed anywhere on the pad. The second part of the
`system is a receiver that comprises a means for receiving the
`energy from the alternating magnetic field from the pad and
`transferring it to a mobile or other device. The receiver can
`comprise coils, windings, or any wire that can sense a
`changing magnetic field, and rectify it to produce a direct
`current (DC) voltage, which is then used to charge or power
`the device.
`0038. In some embodiments the receiver can also com
`prise electronic components or logic to set the Voltage and
`current to the appropriate levels required by the mobile
`device. In some embodiments, the receiver can also contain
`circuitry to sense and determine the status of the electronic
`device to be charged, the battery inside, or a variety of other
`parameters and to communicate this information to the pad.
`In additional embodiments, the system can provide for
`additional functionality Such as communication of data
`stored in the electronic device (for example, digital images
`stored in cameras, telephone numbers in cell phones, songs
`in MP3 players) or data into the device.
`0.039
`Embodiments can also incorporate efficiency mea
`sures that improve the efficiency of power transfer between
`the charger and receiver, and ultimately to the mobile
`device. In accordance with an embodiment, the charger or
`power supply comprises a switch, (for example, a MOSFET
`device or another Switching mechanism), that is Switched at
`an appropriate frequency to generate an alternative current
`(AC) voltage across a primary coil, and generates an AC
`magnetic field. This field in turn generates a Voltage in the
`coil in the receiver that is rectified and then smoothed by a
`capacitor to provide power to a load, with the result being
`greater efficiency.
`0040. In accordance with other embodiments the coils are
`mounted such that they can move laterally within the pad
`and within an area of their segments, while continuing to be
`
`connected to their driver electronics placed on the edges of
`the area. The floating coils and the drive circuit are sand
`wiched in between thin upper and lower cover layers that act
`to allow the coils lateral movement while limiting vertical
`movement. When a secondary is placed on the pad, the pad
`senses the position of the secondary coil and moves the coils
`to the right position to optimize power transfer. Magnets can
`be used to better orient the coils and improve greater power
`transfer efficiency.
`0041 Additional embodiments are also described herein.
`For example, in accordance with an embodiment the device
`includes an internal battery for self-powered operation. In
`accordance with other embodiments the device can include
`a solar cell power Source, hand crank, or other means of
`power Supply for occasional self powered operation. Other
`embodiments can be incorporated into charging kiosks,
`automobiles, computer cases, and other electronic devices
`and applications.
`Inductive Charging System
`0042. While the above mentioned technologies describe
`various aspects of inductive charging, they do not address
`the basic requirements that a consumer and manufacturer
`desire in such a product. These include the following desired
`features:
`0043. The pad should be able to charge a number of
`devices with various power requirements efficiently. A
`typical number would be 1-6 devices, and probably up
`to 4 low power (up to 5 W) devices simultaneously.
`When multiple devices are being charged, a method for
`energizing only those coils near a device is preferable.
`0044) The same pad should be able to power low
`power devices (mobile phones, PDAs, cameras, game
`consoles, etc.) with power requirements of 5W or less,
`and higher-power devices Such as notebook computers
`(which often have a power requirement of 60 W or
`higher).
`0045. The power transfer efficiency between the pri
`mary coil and the secondary should be maximized.
`Lack of efficiency in the power transfer would neces
`sitate larger and heavier AC to DC power supplies. This
`would add cost and decrease product attractiveness to
`customers. Thus methods where the entire pad is ener
`gized are not as attractive.
`0046. A simple method for verification of the manu
`facturer of the secondary, and possibly information for
`power requirements, should be supported as necessary
`to ensure product compatibility and to provide means
`of product registration and licensing.
`0047 The EMI radiation from the system should be
`minimized, and ideally, the system should radiate little
`or no EMI with no device present. A charger should
`preferably not emit any power until an appropriate
`device is brought close to the charger itself. In this way,
`electric power is not wasted, and electromagnetic
`power is not emitted needlessly. In addition, accidental
`effects on magnetically sensitive devices such as credit
`cards, disk drives and Such are minimized.
`0048. The pad and the receiver should be reasonably
`simple to construct, and cost effective. Since both parts
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`can be integrated into mobile devices, the overall size,
`weight, and form factor should be minimized.
`0049. As used herein, the term "charger can refer to a
`device for Supplying power to a mobile or stationary device
`for the purpose of either charging its battery, operating the
`device at that moment in time, or both. For example, as is
`common in portable computers, the power Supply can oper
`ate the portable computer, or charge its battery, or accom
`plish both tasks simultaneously. In accordance with an
`embodiment, the mobile device charger can have any Suit
`able configuration, Such as the configuration of a flat pad.
`The power received by the mobile device from the mobile
`device charger (such as the primary in the mobile device
`charger) can be rectified in the receiver and smoothed by a
`capacitor before being connected to the rechargeable battery
`which is represented by the load in the picture above. To
`ensure proper charging of the battery, a regulator can be
`placed between the output of the receiver and the battery.
`This regulator can sense the appropriate parameters of the
`battery (voltage, current, capacity), and regulate the current
`drawn from the receiver appropriately. The battery can
`contain a chip with information regarding its characteristics
`that can be read out by the regulator. Alternatively, such
`information can be stored in the regulator for the mobile
`device to be charged, and an appropriate charging profile can
`also be programmed into the regulator.
`0050 FIG. 1 shows a pad using multiple receiver?ener
`gizer coils in accordance with an embodiment. In its sim
`plest format, the mobile device charger or power Supply
`preferably has a Substantially flat configuration, such as the
`configuration of a pad 100, and comprises multiple coils or
`sets of wires 104. These coils or wires can be the same size
`as or larger than the coils or wires in the mobile devices, and
`can have similar or different shapes, including for example
`a spiral shape. For example, for a mobile device charger
`designed to charge up to four mobile devices of similar
`power (up to 10 W each) such as mobile handsets, MP3
`players, etc., four or more of the coils or wires would ideally
`be present in the mobile device charger. The charger pad or
`pad can be powered by plugging into a power Source Such
`as a wall socket. The pad can also be powered by another
`electronic device, such as the pad being powered through the
`USB outlet of a laptop or by the connector that laptops have
`at the bottom for interfacing with docking stations, or
`powering other devices. The pad can also be incorporated
`into a docking station, such as may be used by notebook
`computers.
`0051. A mobile device can include a receiver that
`includes one or more coils or wires to receive the power
`from the mobile device charger. As described in further
`detail below, the receiver can be made part of the battery in
`the mobile device or of the shell of the mobile device. When
`it is part of the mobile device shell, the receiver can be part
`of the inside surface of the mobile device shell or of the
`outside surface of the mobile device shell. The receiver can
`be connected to the power inputjack of the mobile device or
`can bypass the input jack and be directly connected to the
`battery. In any of these configurations, the receiver includes
`one or more appropriate coil or wire geometries that can
`receive power from the mobile device charger when it is
`placed adjacent to the mobile device charger. In accordance
`with an embodiment, the coils in the mobile device charger
`
`and/or the coils in the mobile devices can be printed circuit
`board (PCB) coils, and the PCB coils can be placed in one
`or more layers of PCB.
`0052. In some embodiments, the charger can also itself be
`built into a mobile device. For example, a laptop computer
`or other portable or mobile device can incorporate a charger
`section so that other mobile devices can be charged as
`described above. Alternatively, using the same set of coils or
`wires, or a separate set of coils or wires, any mobile device
`can itself be used as a charger to power or charge other
`mobile devices.
`0053. In accordance with an embodiment, the mobile
`device charger or pad, and the various mobile devices, can
`communicate with each other to transfer data. In one
`embodiment, the coils in the mobile device charger that are
`used for powering the mobile device, or another set of coils
`in the same PCB layer or in a separate layer, can be used for
`data transfer between the mobile device charger and the
`mobile device to be charged or the battery directly. Tech
`niques employed in radio and network communication, Such
`as radio frequency identification (RFID) can be used. In one
`embodiment a chip connected to an antenna (for example,
`the secondary coil or separate data antenna) or another
`means of transfer of information can be used to provide
`information about, for example, the presence of the mobile
`device, its authenticity (for example its manufacturer code)
`and the devicesD charging requirements (such as its
`required Voltage, battery capacity, and charge algorithm
`profile).
`0054. In accordance with an embodiment, a typical
`sequence for charger operation can be as follows: The
`mobile device charger can be in a low power status normally,
`thus minimizing power usage. However, periodically, each
`of the coils (or a separate data coil in another PCB layer) is
`powered up in rotation with a short signal Such as a short
`radiofrequency (RF) signal that can activate a signal receiver
`in the secondary such as an RFID tag. The mobile device
`charger then tries to identify a return signal from any mobile
`device (or any secondary) that may be nearby. Once a mobile
`device (or a secondary) is detected, the mobile device
`charger and the mobile device proceed to exchange infor
`mation. This information can include a unique ID code that
`can verify the authenticity and manufacturer of the charger
`and mobile device, the voltage requirements of the battery or
`the mobile device, and the capacity of the battery. For
`security purposes or to avoid counterfeit device or pad
`manufacture, such information could be encrypted, as is
`common in Some RFID tags.
`0055. In accordance with various embodiment, other
`protocols such as Near Field Communications (NFC) or
`Felica can be used, wherein the circuitry containing the ID
`and the necessary information is powered either by the
`mobile device or remotely by the mobile device charger.
`Depending on the particular implementation needs, Blue
`tooth, WiFi, and other information transfer processes can be
`used. Additional information regarding the charging profile
`for the battery can also be exchanged and can include
`parameters that would be used in a pre-programmed charge
`profile stored in the mobile device charger. However, the
`information exchanged could be as simple as an acknowl
`edge signal that shows the mobile device charger that a
`mobile device is present. The charger can also contain means
`
`GOOGLE AND SAMSUNG EXHIBIT 1009, 0016
`
`

`

`US 2007/0182367 A1
`
`Aug. 9, 2007
`
`for detection and comparison of the strength of the signal
`over different locations on the charger. In this way, it could
`determine the location of the mobile device on the charger,
`and then proceed to activate the appropriate region for
`charging.
`0056.
`In some embodiments that require greater simplic
`ity, no communication need take place between the mobile
`device charger and the mobile device. In some embodiments
`the mobile device charger can sense the mobile device by
`detecting a change in the conditions of a resonant circuit in
`the mobile device charger when the mobile device is brought
`nearby. In other embodiments the mobile device can be
`sensed by means of a number of proximity sensors such as
`capacitance, weight, magnetic, optical, or other sensors that
`determine the presence of a mobile device near a coil in the
`mobile device charger. Once a mobile device is sensed near
`a primary coil or section of the mobile device charger, the
`mobile device charger can then activate that primary coil or
`section to provide power to the secondary coil in the mobile
`device's battery, shell, receiver module, or the device itself.
`Inductive Charging Circuit
`0057 Each mobile device and its battery has particular
`characteristics (voltage, capacity, etc.). In order to facilitate
`these different devices with a single universal mobile device
`charger, several circuit architectures are possible, some of
`which are described in further detail below.
`0.058
`FIG. 2 shows the main components of a typical
`inductive power transfer system 110. The circuit illustrated
`is used to illustrate the principle of inductive power transfer
`and is not meant to be limiting to the present invention. In
`accordance with an embodiment, the charger 112 comprises
`a power source 118, and a switch T 126 (which can be a
`MOSFET or other switching mechanism) that is switched at
`an appropriate frequency to generate an AC Voltage across
`the primary coil Lp 116 and generate an AC magnetic field.
`This field in turn generates a voltage in the coil 120 in the
`receiver 114 that is rectified and then smoothed by a capaci
`tor to provide power 122 to a load RI 124. For ease of use,
`a receiver can be integrated with a mobile device. Such as
`integrated inside the mobile device or attached to the surface
`of the mobile dev