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`US009660514B2
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`a2) United States Patent
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`US 9,660,514 B2
`(10) Patent No.:
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`Sadakata etal.
`(45) Date of Patent:
`May23, 2017
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`(54) POWER FEED DEVICE OF INDUCTIVE
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`CHARGING DEVICE
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`(71) Applicant: PANASONIC CORPORATION,
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`Osaka (JP)
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`(72)
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`Inventors: Hideki Sadakata, Shiga (JP); Atsushi
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`Fujita, Shiga (JP); Takashi Kashimoto,
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`Nara (JP); Daisuke Bessyo, Shiga (JP)
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`(73) Assignee: PANASONIC INTELLECTUAL
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`PROPERTY MANAGEMENTCO.,
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`LYD., Osaka (JP)
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`(58) Field of Classification Search
`CPC w.. HO02J 7/025; HO2J 17/00; H0O2M 1/4208;
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`HO2M 1/14
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`(Continued)
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`(56)
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`
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`References Cited
`
`
`
`oy
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
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`6,301,128 BI* 10/2001 Jang ceceHO2J 5/005
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`363/127
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`2004/0232876 Al* 11/2004 Matsushiro .........., HO02P 27/045
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`318/801
`
`
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`(*) Notice:
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`Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this
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`patent is extended or adjusted under 35
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`U.S.C. 154(b) by 351 days.
`(21) Appl. No.: 14/463,439
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`1p
`IP
`
`
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`
`(Continued)
`
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`
`
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`2003-274656 A
`9/2003
`
`
`2008-263715 A
`10/2008
`
`
`(Continued)
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`(22)
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`
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`(65)
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`
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`Filed:
`
`Aug. 19, 2014
`
`
`
`:
`or
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`
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`Prior Publication Data
`
`
`
`
`
`US 2014/0354074 Al
`Dec. 4, 2014
`
`
`
`Related U.S. Application Data
`
`
`
`
`of
`application
`(63) Continuation
`
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`
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`PCT/JP2013/001540, filed on Mar. 8, 2013.
`
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`No.
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`(30)
`
`
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`Foreign Application Priority Data
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`(IP) essere tnnseseesees 2012-059786
`
`
`
`(51)
`
`
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`
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`Mar. 16, 2012
`,
`
`
`Int. Ch
`
`
`HO2M 1/14
`
`
`HO2S 17/00
`
`(2006.01)
`(2006.01)
`
`(Continued)
`
`
`
`
`
`
`(52) US. CL
`
`
`
`CPC won 02M 1/14 (2013.01); M027 7/025
`
`
`
`
`
`(2013.01); HO2J 17/00 (2013.01); HO2J 50/10
`
`
`
`
`
`
`(2016.02);
`
`
`(Continued)
`
`
`
`
`
`
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`Extended European Search Report dated Aug. 20, 2015 issued in
`
`
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`
`
`
`
`European Patent Application No. 13760590.3.
`
`
`
`
`
`(Continued)
`
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`
`
`Primary Examiner — Jared Fureman
`
`
`
`Assistant Examiner — Fan He
`
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`(74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm — McDermott Will &
`
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`Emery LLP
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`
`
`ABSTRACT
`(57)
`A powerfeeding device of a non-contact charging device
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`includes a power factor improvementcircuit which converts
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`an AC power supply to DC, and improves a powerfactor, a
`smoothing capacitor connected to an output end of the
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`powerfactor improvementcircuit, an inverter circuit which
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`includes a plurality of switching elements, and generates an
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`ACsignal using a voltage of the smoothing capacitor as a
`
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`powersupply, a power feeding section which feeds power
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`based on the AC signal to a powerreceiving device, and a
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`control circuit which modulates a duty factor of each of the
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`switching elementsof the inverter circuit in synchronization
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`(Continued)
`
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`Control
`circuit
`
`Control circuit
`
`Page 1 of 15
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`GOOGLE AND SAMSUNG EXHIBIT 1005
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`Page 1 of 15
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`GOOGLE AND SAMSUNG EXHIBIT 1005
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`

`

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`US 9,660,514 B2
`Page 2
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`(56)
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`
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`References Cited
`
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`
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`
`
`
`
`8/2007 Taipale 0... HOSB 41/3925
`2007/0188111 A1*
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`315/291
`10/2008 Urakabeet al.
`2008/0253156 Al
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`12/2009 Kubonoet al.
`2009/0302690 Al
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`2011/0038190 Al™ 2/2011 Zimpfer
`.......0...... A61B 6/56
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`363/126
`2011/0242854 Al
`10/2011 Minamietal.
`
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`
`
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`
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`2009-296857 A
`12/2009
`
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`2012-039707 A
`2/2012
`
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`JP
`JP
`
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`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`
`
`
`
`A. Esser, “Contactless Charging and Communication System for
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Electric Vehicles,” IEEE, 1993, pp. 1021-1028.
`
`
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`
`
`International Search Report issued in International Application No.
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`
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`
`
`PCT/JP2013/001540 with Date of mailing May 21, 2013, with
`
`
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`
`
`
`
`English Translation.
`
`
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`* cited by examiner
`
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`with the AC power supply, wherein the control circuit
`
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`controls the plurality of switching elements so that an
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`increment of the modulated duty factor is not equal to a
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`decrement of the modulated duty factor.
`
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`
`
`2 Claims, 7 Drawing Sheets
`
`
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`
`
`(2007.01)
`(2016.01)
`(2016.01)
`(2016.01)
`(2006.01)
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Int. Cl.
`
`
`H02M 1/42
`
`
`O02] 7/02
`
`
`F02F 50/10
`
`
`HO2F 50/80
`
`
`H02M 1/00
`
`
`US. Cl.
`
`
`CPC ou... HO2S S0/80 (2016.02), HO2M 1/4208
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`(2013.01); H02M 1/4225 (2013.01); H02M
`
`
`
`
`
`2001/007 (2013.01); YO2B 70/126 (2013.01)
`
`
`
`
`
`Field of Classification Search
`
`
`
`
`USPC vice ceeeeesesensesnecaes 363/98, 40 41, 266
`
`
`
`
`See application file for complete search history.
`
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`(1)
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`(52)
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`(58)
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`pINoIa
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`May23, 2017
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`[04}U04)
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`U.S. Patent
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`Sheet 1 of 7
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`US 9,660,514 B2
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`U.S. Patent
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`May23, 2017
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`Sheet 2 of 7
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`US 9,660,514 B2
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`FIG.2
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`12
`FIG.3
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`Page 4 of 15
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`U.S. Patent
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`May23, 2017
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`Sheet 3 of 7
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`US 9,660,514 B2
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`Commercial frequency
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`FIG.4A RELATED ART
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`Voltage of
`commercial power
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`supply 3
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`FIG.4B RELATED ART
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`Output voltage of
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`first rectifier
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`circuit 4
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`FIG.4C RELATED ART: |
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`Output voltage of=Vpfc- i.
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`power factor
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`|
`improvementcircuit 10
`Ginput voltage of
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`inverter circuit 20)
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` FIG.4D RELATED ART i
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`Currentoffirst
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`inductor
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`FIG.4E RELATED ART |
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`Transferred power
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`FIG.4F RELATED ART
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`Output current of
`second rectifier circuit
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`53 (current flowing
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`through load 18)
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`FIG.4G RELATED ART |
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`Duty factor of inverter
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`circuit
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`FIG.4H RELATED ART |G |
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`Operation frequency of —_—->-—--—->.———
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`inverter circuit 20
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`Page 5 of 15
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`U.S. Patent
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`May23, 2017
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`Sheet 4 of 7
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`US 9,660,514 B2
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`U.S. Patent
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`May23, 2017
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`Sheet 5 of 7
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`US 9,660,514 B2
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`FIG.6A
`Current flowing through
`
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`second switching
`
`
`element 21, second
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`
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`diode 22, fifth switching
`element 28, and fifth
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`diode 29
`
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`
`FIG.6B
`Current flowing through
`
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`third switching element
`28, third diode 24,
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`fourth switching
`element 26, and fourth
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`
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`diode 27
`
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`
`FIG.6C
`Voltage of second and
`
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`
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`fifth switching elements
`21 and 28
`
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`FIG.6D
`Gate voltage of second
`
`
`
`and fifth switching
`
`
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`elements 21 and 28
`
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`FIG.6E
`Gate voltage of third
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`and fourth switching
`elements 23 and 26
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`FIG.6F
`
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`Current [L1 flowing
`throughfirst inductor 8
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`Duty factor (duty ratio) = Ton/T
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`When input poweris high
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`(Duty factor =50%)
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`Page 7 of 15
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`Page 7 of 15
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`May23, 2017
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`Sheet 6 of 7
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`US 9,660,514 B2
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` Gate voltage of second
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`FIG.7A
`
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`Current flowing through
`second switching
`
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`element 21, second
`
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`diode 22, fifth switching
`
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`element 28, and fifth
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`diode 29
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`FIG.7B
`Current flowing through
`
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`third switching element
`
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`23, third diode 24,
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`fourth switching
`
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`element 26, and fourth
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`
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`diode 27
`
`
`
`FIG.7C
`Voltage of second and
`
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`fifth switching elements
`
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`21 and 28
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`FIG.7D
`
`
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`and fifth switching
`
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`elements 21 and 28
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`FIG.7E
`Gate voltage of third
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`
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`and fourth switching
`
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`elements 23 and 26
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`FIG.7F
`Current IL1 flowing
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`(Duty factor =30%)
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`Page 8 of 15
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`U.S. Patent
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`May23, 2017
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`Sheet 7 of 7
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`US 9,660,514 B2
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` Aduty factor+ Aduty
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`A duty factor-
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`factor
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`FIG.8
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`FIG.9
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`Input current
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`Duty factor b Range A
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` Duty factor a Inputpower
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`Duty factor
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`2
`the
`the smoothing capacitors can be reduced. However,
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`multiple columncircuits (converters) are required, and parts
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`count of the power feeding device increases. This increases
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`size and cost of the power feeding device, and increases loss
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`of power feed.
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`the present disclosure is
`In view of the foregoing,
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`intended to provide a powerfeeding device of a non-contact
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`charging device which can reduce the ripple in the output,
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`can achieve reduction in size and cost, and can reduce loss
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`of power feed as much aspossible.
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`To achieve the above-described object, the present dis-
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`closure has proposedthe following solution. Specifically, the
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`present disclosure provides a power feeding device of a
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`non-contact charging device for feeding power to a power
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`The present disclosure relates to non-contact charging,
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`receiving, device in a non-contact fashion. The power feed-
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`devices for charging secondary batteries mounted,
`for
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`ing device includes a power factor improvement circuit
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`example, on electric propulsion vehicles (electric vehicles
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`which converts an AC power supply to DC, and improvesa
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`and hybrid electric vehicles) in a non-contact fashion.
`powerfactor, a smoothing capacitor connected to an output
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`Technologies using a magnetic field, an electric field, a
`end of the power factor improvement circuit, an inverter
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`circuit which includesa plurality of switching elements, and
`radio wave, etc., have been developed to achieve power
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`generates an AC signal by switching each of the switching
`transfer in a non-contact fashion. The non-contact power
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`transfer technology does not require any wires for connect-
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`elements using a voltage of the smoothing capacitor as a
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`ing, a power feeding device and a powerreceiving, device,
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`power supply, a power feeding section which includes a
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`and users do not have to connect the devices, and do not
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`resonant capacitor andafirst inductor connected to an output
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`have to worry about leakage and an electric shock in the
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`end of the inverter circuit, and feeds power generated
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`event of rain.
`betweenthefirst inductor and a second inductor provided in
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`In the non-contact powertransfer, for example, positional
`the power receiving device to the power receiving device
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`relationship between the power feeding device and the
`based on the AC signal, and a control circuit which modu-
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`powerreceiving device is important for enhancedefficiency.
`lates a duty factor of each of the switching elements of the
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`In this regard, a technology of providing a resonancepart for
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`invertercircuit in synchronization with the AC power supply
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`resonating an AC signal in each of the power feeding device
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`when the power feeding section feeds the power to the
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`and the powerreceiving device has been proposed to reduce
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`power receiving device. The control circuit controls the
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`a constraint of the positional relationship between the power
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`plurality of switching elements so that an increment of the
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`feeding device and the power receiving device (see, e.g.,
`modulated duty factor is not equal to a decrement of the
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`Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No.
`2009-
`modulated duty factor.
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`According to the present disclosure, the power feeding
`296857).
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`According to the technology taught by Japanese Unex-
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`device of the non-contact charging device can reduce the
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`amined Patent Publication No. 2009-296857, a harmonic
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`ripple in the output, can achieve reduction in size and cost,
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`content having the same frequency as a frequency of a
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`and can reduce loss of power feed.
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`commercial power supplyis superimposed on power output
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`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
`from the power feeding device. As a result, a current or
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`voltage ripple of the harmonic content occurs in the output
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`of the power feeding device, and a ripple occurs also in an
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`output of the power receiving device, i.e., an output current
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`to a battery, etc.
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`A system of connecting a power supply and an electric
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`propulsion vehicle via wires has been used to charge the
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`electric propulsion vehicle, etc. In the wired system, high-
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`speed feedback control
`is available when the ripple is
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`detected in the current output to the battery. In the non-
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`contact charging system, however, the high-speed feedback
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`control cannot easily be performed because the power 5
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`receiving device is wirelessly notified that the ripple is
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`detected in the output current.
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`Asa solution to the above problem, a technology has been
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`proposed that three column circuits (converters) each com-
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`prising a serially-connected four stage circuit are connected
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`in parallel to share a plurality of smoothing capacitors, and
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`each of the column circuits is driven by shifting their phases
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`by 22/3 (rad) (see, e.g., Japanese Unexamined Patent Pub-
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`lication No. 2008-263715). In this technology, the voltage
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`ripple can be reduced by sharing a charge/discharge current
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`to the plurality of smoothing capacitors among the column
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`circuits.
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`US 9,660,514 B2
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`1
`POWER FEED DEVICE OF INDUCTIVE
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`CHARGING DEVICE
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`CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATI CI]D
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`APPLICATIONS
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`This is a continuation of International Application No.
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`PCT/IP2013/001540 filed on Mar. 8, 2013, which claims
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`priority to Japanese Patent Application No. 2012-059786
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`filed on Mar. 16, 2012. ‘he entire disclosures of these
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`applications are incorporated by reference herein.
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`BACKGROUND
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`a
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`mb on
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`ie)°°
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`powerand duty factor of the feeding device shown in FIG.
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`1.
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`SUMMARY
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`DETAILED DESCRIPTION
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`According to the disclosure of Japanese Unexamined
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`Patent Publication No. 2008-263715, the voltage ripple of
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`The present disclosure is directed to a power feeding
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`device of a non-contact charging device for feeding power
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`Page 10 of 15
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`FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram illustrating a non-contact
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`charging device ofa first embodiment.
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`FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram illustrating an example of an
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`input detector shown in FIG.1.
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`FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram illustrating an example of a
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`synchronizing signal generator shownin FIG.1.
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`FIGS. 4A-4H are diagrams of waveforms obtained at
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`sections of a conventional powertransfer system for com-
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`parison with the non-contact charging device of FIG. 1.
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`FIGS. 5A-5] are diagrams of waveforms obtained at
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`sections of the non-contact charging device of FIG. 1 when
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`a dutyfactor of the inverter circuit shown in FIG.1 is varied.
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`FIGS. 6A-6F are enlarged diagrams of operating wave-
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`forms of the inverter circuit when input power is high.
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`FIGS. 7A-7F are enlarged diagrams of operating wave-
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`forms of the inverter circuit when the input poweris low.
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`FIG. 8 is a graph showing a relationship between input
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`current and Aduty factor of a feeding device shown in FIG.
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`1.
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` FIG. 9 is a graph showing a relationship between input
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`US 9,660,514 B2
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`3
`to a power receiving device in a non-contact fashion. The
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`powerfeeding, device includes a power factor improvement
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`circuit which converts an AC power supply to DC, and
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`improvesa powerfactor, a smoothing capacitor connected to
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`an output end of the power factor improvementcircuit, an
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`inverter circuit which includes a plurality of switching
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`elements, and generates an AC signal by switching each of
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`the switching elements using a voltage of the smoothing
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`capacitor as a power supply. a powerfeeding section which
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`includes a resonant capacitor anda first inductor connected
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`to an output end of the inverter circuit, and feeds power
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`generated between the first inductor and a second inductor
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`provided in the powerreceiving device to the powerreceiv-
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`ing device based on the AC signal, and a control circuit
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`which modulates a duty factor of each of the switching
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`elements of the inverter circuit in synchronization with the
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`AC powersupply when the power feeding section feeds the
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`power to the power receiving device. The control circuit
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`controls the plurality of switching elements so that an
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`increment of the modulated duty factor is not cqual to a
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`decrement of the modulated duty factor.
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`‘The control circuit increases an amount of modulation of
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`the duty factor ofthe plurality of switching elements with
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`increase in input trom the AC power supply to the power
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`feeding device.
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`The control circuit modulates the duty factor in a sub-
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`stantially sinusoidal wave pattern at a frequency twice a
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`frequency of the AC powersupply.
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`In this configuration, an output ripple of the power
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`feeding device can be reduced not under feedback control
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`which requires high detection accuracy, but under feedfor-
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`ward control. As a result, the ripple in the output of the
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`power receiving, device can be reduced, and the power
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`feeding device no longer requires parts for detecting an
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`output of the first inductor, or parts for detecting, a voltage
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`of the smoothing capacitor. Thus, parts count of the power
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`feeding device is reduced, and the power feeding device can
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`be reduced in size and cost.
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`Embodiments of the present disclosure will be described
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`below with reference to the drawings. The present disclosure
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`is not limited by the embodiments.
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`w GQ
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`&3
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`First Embodiment
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`4
`10 includes a bypass capacitor 11, an input detector 12, a
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`choke coil 13, a first switching element 14 (a MOSFET:
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`metal-oxide-semiconductor
`field-effect
`transistor
`in this
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`embodiment), a first diode 15, and a smoothing capacitor (an
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`electrolytic capacitor) 16.
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`The commercial power supply 3 is a 200V commercial
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`powersupply whichis a low-frequency AC power supply,
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`for example, and is connecied to an input endof the first
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`rectifier circuit 4 including a bridge diode and an inputfilter.
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`A high-side terminal of the bypass capacitor 11 and the
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`input detector 12 are connected to a high-side (positive)
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`output terminal of the first rectifier circuit 4. An output
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`terminal of the input detector 12 is connected to an input
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`terminal of the choke coil 13.
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`A high-side terminal (drain) of thefirst switching element
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`14 is connected to a line connecting an output terminal of the
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`choke coil 13 and an anodeofthefirst diode 15. A low-side
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`terminal of the bypass capacitor 11, a low-side terminal
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`(source) of the first switching element 14, and a low-side
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`terminal of the smoothing capacitor 16 are connected to a
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`low-side (negative) output
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`circuit 4. A high-side terminal of the smoothing capacitor 16
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`is connected to a cathode of the first diode 15.
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`An output voltage ofthefirst rectifier circuit 4 is input as
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`a DC powersupply to the powerfactor improvementcircuit
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`10 constituted as described above.First, the bypass capacitor
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`11 reduces fluctuations of the output voltage of the first
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`rectifier circuit 4. The output voltage of the first rectifier
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`circuit 4 is then increased to an arbitrary voltage whichis a
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`DCvoltage higher than a peak value of the output voltage by
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`on-off action ofthe first switching clement 14 and the choke
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`coil 13. The increased voltage is fed to both ends of the
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`smoothing capacitor 16, and is smoothed.
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`In the present embodiment, the MOSFETwhich allows
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`high-speed switching is used as the first switching element
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`14 to operate the power factor improvement circuit 10 at
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`high frequency, thereby enhancingthe effect of powerfactor
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`improvement.In this case, a diode may be connected to the
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`MOSTTLTin a reverse direction, but the diode is not shown
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`in the figure because fundamental operation of the present
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`embodiment is not affected even if the diode is not con-
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`nected. An output voltage of the smoothing capacitor 16 is
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`fed to input terminals of the inverter circuit 20.
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`The input terminals of the inverter circuit 20 are con-
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`nected to output terminals of the power factor improvement
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`circuit 10, i.e., both ends of the smoothing capacitor 16. To
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`the both ends of the smoothing capacitor 16, serially-
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`connected second. and third switching elements 21 and 23,
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`and. serially-connected. fourth and. fifth switching elements
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`26 and 28 are connectedin parallel.
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`Second and third diodes 22 and 24 are connected in
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`antiparallel to the second and third switching elements 21
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`and 23, respectively. Specifically, high-side terminals (col-
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`lectors) of the switching elements and cathodesof the diodes
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`are connected. A snubber capacitor 25 is connected in
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`parallel
`to the third switching element 23. The snubber
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`capacitor 25 may be connected in parallel to the second
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`switching element 21.
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`Likewise, fourth andfifth diodes 27 and 29 are connected
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`in antiparallel to fourth and fifth switching elements 26 and
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`28, respectively. Specifically, high-side terminals (collec-
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`tors) of the switching elements are connected to cathodes of
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`the diodes. A snubber capacitor 30 is connected in parallel
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`to the fifth switching element 28. The snubber capacitor 30
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`may be connectedin parallel to the fourth switching element
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`26.
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`45
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`a5S
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`is a circuit diagram of a non-contact charging,
`FIG. 1
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`device of a first enbodiment.
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`As shown in FIG. 1, a non-contact charging device 1
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`includes a power feeding, device 2 located at a parkinglot,
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`for example, and a power receiving device 50 mounted on
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`a 2
`an electric propulsion vehicle, for example. The power 5
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`feeding device 2 includes a commercial power supply3, a
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`first rectifier circuit 4, a synchronizing signal generator 5, a
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`control circuit 6 for the power feeding device 2 (hereinafler
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`merely referred to as a “control circuit 6”), a power feeding
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`section 9, a power factor improvement circuit 10, and an
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`inverter circuit 20.
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`The powerreceiving device 50 includes a second inductor
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`51, a second resonant capacitor 52, a secondrectifier circuit
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`53, a load (e.g., a battery) 18, a power reception detector 54,
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`and a control circuit 55 for the power receiving device 50
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`(hereinafter merely referred to as a “control circuit 55”).
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`Configurations of these circuit blocks will be described
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`below.
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`First, a configuration of the power factor improvement
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`circuit 10 will be described. The power factor improvement
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`circuit 10 improves a powerfactor of the commercial power
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`supply 3. Specifically. the power factor improvementcircuit
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`Page 11 of 15
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`Page 11 of 15
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`US 9,660,514 B2
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`5
`The power feeding section 9 is connected to a line
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`connecting the second switching element 21 and the third
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`switching element 23, and a line connecting the fourth
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`switching element 26 and the fifth switching element 28.
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`The inverter circuit 20 generates an AC signal by switch-
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`ing the second to fifth switching elements 21, 23, 26, and 28,
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`and outputs the signal to the power feeding, section 9.
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`The power feeding section 9 can be constituted of a first
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`resonant capacitor 7 and a first inductor 8 connected in
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`series.
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`The second inductor 51 is arranged to face the first
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`inductor 8 when the electric propulsion vehicle has moved,
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`for example. Thus, the power feeding section 9 can feed
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`power generated between the first and second inductors 8
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`and 51 to the power receiving device 50 based on the AC
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`signal output by the inverter circuit 20.
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`The second resonant capacitor 52 is connected to a
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`high-side terminal of the second inductor 51. The second
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`rectifier circuit 53 including a smoothing filter is connected
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`between a low-side terminal of the second inductor 51 and
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`the second resonant capacitor 52. The power reception
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`detector 54 is connected to a high-side terminal of the
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`secondrectifier circuit 53, and a load, e.g., the battery 18, is
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`connected between the power reception detector 54 and a
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`low-side terminal of the second rectifier circuit 53.
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`A specific example of the input detector 12 will be
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`described below with reference to FIG. 2. FIG, 2 is a circuit
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`diagram illustrating an example of the input detector shown
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`in FIG.1.
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`As shownin FIG.2, the input detector 12 is constituted of
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`a current detector 31, a voltage detector 32, and a power
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`operation part 33. The power operation part 33 is connected
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`to the control circuit 6. When the input power can be
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`estimated from one ofthe current or the voltage, one of the
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`current detector 31 or the voltage detector 32 may be
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`provided.
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`FIG.3 is a circuit diagram illustrating an example ofthe
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`synchronizing signal generator shown in FIG. 1. The syn-
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`chronizing signal generator 5 is constituted of a plurality of
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`resistance elements 34, 35, 36, and 37, and a transistor 38 as
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`shown in T'IG. 3. The synchronizing signal generator 5
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`generates a signal having a frequency synchronized with a
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`frequency of the commercial power supply 3, and outputs
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`the generated signal to the control circuit 6. In FIG. 3, Vdd
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`indicates a control voltage of the control circuit 6.
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`Specifically, when the output of the commercial power
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`supply3 is in a positive half-wave, the transistor 38 is on,
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`and the synchronizing signal generator 5 outputs a synchro-
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`nizing, signal of substantially OV (@LOW). Whenthe output
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`ofthe commercial power supply 3 is in a negative half-wave,
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`the transistor 38 is off, and the synchronizing signal gen-
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`erator 5 outpuls a synchronizing signal of Vdd (~HIGH)to
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`the control circuit 6.
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`The control circuit 6 synchronizes with the synchronizing,
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`signal to perform modulation on the invertercircuit 20. As
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`described later,