`
`UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
`_________________
`
`BEFORE THE PATENT TRIAL AND APPEAL BOARD
`_________________
`
`
`APPLE INC.,
`
`Petitioner
`
`v.
`
`CPC Patent Technologies PTY, LTD.,
`
`Patent Owner
`_________________
`
`
`Inter Partes Review Case No. IPR2022-00602
`U.S. Patent No. 9,665,705
`
`
`
`
`
`PETITION FOR INTER PARTES REVIEW
`OF U.S. PATENT NO. 9,665,705
`
`

`

`Inter Partes Review No. IPR2022-00602
`U.S. Patent No. 9,665,705
`
`TABLE OF CONTENTS
`
`
`INTRODUCTION ..............................................................................................1
`I.
`II. SUMMARY OF THE ’705 PATENT ................................................................1
`A. Description of the Alleged Invention ...........................................................1
`B. Summary of Unpatentability of the Challenged Claims ............................2
`C. Priority Date of the Challenged Claims ......................................................3
`D. Level of Skill of a POSITA ...........................................................................4
`III. REQUIREMENTS FOR IPR UNDER 37 C.F.R. § 42.104 .........................4
`A. Grounds for Standing Under 37 C.F.R. § 42.104(a) ..................................4
`B. Identification of Challenge Under 37 C.F.R. § 42.104(b) and Relief
`Requested ..............................................................................................................4
`C. Claim Construction Under 37 C.F.R. § 42.104(b)(3) .................................5
`IV. THE CITED REFERENCES ARE ANALOGOUS PRIOR ART ...............6
`V. MATHIASSEN’S ARCHITECTURE OVERVIEW ........................................7
`VI. GROUND 1: THERE IS A REASONABLE LIKELIHOOD CLAIMS 1, 4,
`6, 10-12, and 14-17 ARE OBVIOUS OVER THE COMBINATION OF
`MATHIASSEN, MCKEETH, AND ANDERSON ..................................................9
`A. Claim 1 ...........................................................................................................9
`1. Claim 1(Pre) .................................................................................................9
`2. Claim 1(a) ..................................................................................................11
`3. Claim 1(b) ..................................................................................................13
`4. Claim 1(b1) ................................................................................................14
`5. Claim 1(b2) ................................................................................................15
`6. Claim 1(b3) ................................................................................................24
`7. Claims 1(c) and 1(c1) ................................................................................28
`8. Claim 1(c2) ................................................................................................30
`9. Claim 1(d) ..................................................................................................31
`10. Claim 1(d1) ............................................................................................31
`11. Claim 1(d2) ............................................................................................37
`12. Claim 1(d3) ............................................................................................38
`13. Claim 1(e) ...............................................................................................42
`B. Claim 4 .........................................................................................................42
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`U.S. Patent No. 9,665,705
`C. Claim 6 .........................................................................................................42
`1. Claim 6(a) ..................................................................................................42
`2. Claim 6(b) ..................................................................................................43
`3. Claim 6(c) ..................................................................................................44
`D. Claim 10 .......................................................................................................44
`1. Claim 10(Pre) .............................................................................................44
`2. Claim 10(a) ................................................................................................44
`3. Claim 10(b) ................................................................................................44
`4. Claim 10(c) ................................................................................................44
`5. Claim 10(d) ................................................................................................45
`6. Claim 10(d1) ..............................................................................................45
`7. Claim 10(d2) ..............................................................................................45
`8. Claim 10(d3) ..............................................................................................45
`9. Claim 10(e) ................................................................................................45
`E. Claim 11 .......................................................................................................45
`1. Claim 11(Pre1) ...........................................................................................45
`2. Claim 11(Pre2) ...........................................................................................45
`3. Claim 11(Pre3) ...........................................................................................46
`4. Claim 11(Pre4) ...........................................................................................47
`5. Claim 11(a) ................................................................................................47
`6. Claim 11(a1)-(a2) ......................................................................................47
`7. Claim 11(a3) ..............................................................................................47
`8. Claim 11(a4) ..............................................................................................48
`9. Claim 11(b) ................................................................................................48
`10. Claim 11(c) .............................................................................................48
`11. Claim 11(d) ............................................................................................48
`12. Claim 11(e) .............................................................................................48
`13. Claim 11(f) .............................................................................................48
`F. Claim 12 .......................................................................................................48
`G. Claim 14 .......................................................................................................49
`1. Claim 14(Pre) .............................................................................................49
`2. Claim 14(a) ................................................................................................49
`3. Claim 14(b) ................................................................................................49
`4. Claim 14(c) ................................................................................................49
`5. Claim 14(d) ................................................................................................49
`6. Claim 14(e) ................................................................................................50
`7. Claim 14(f) .................................................................................................50
`8. Claim 14(g) ................................................................................................50
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`9. Claim 14(h) ................................................................................................50
`10. Claim 14(i) .............................................................................................50
`H. Claim 15 .......................................................................................................50
`1. Claim 15(Pre) .............................................................................................50
`2. Claim 15(a) ................................................................................................50
`3. Claim 15(b) ................................................................................................50
`4. Claim 15(b1) ..............................................................................................50
`5. Claim 15(b2) ..............................................................................................50
`6. Claim 15(b3) ..............................................................................................51
`7. Claim 15(c) ................................................................................................51
`8. Claim 15(c1) ..............................................................................................51
`9. Claim 15(c2) ..............................................................................................51
`10. Claim 15(d) ............................................................................................51
`11. Claim 15(d1) ..........................................................................................51
`12. Claim 15(d2) ..........................................................................................51
`13. Claim 15(d3) ..........................................................................................51
`14. Claim 15(e) .............................................................................................51
`I. Claim 16 .......................................................................................................51
`1. Claim 16(Pre) .............................................................................................51
`2. Claim 16(a) ................................................................................................52
`3. Claim 16(b) ................................................................................................52
`4. Claim 16(c) ................................................................................................52
`5. Claim 16(d) ................................................................................................52
`6. Claim 16(d1) ..............................................................................................52
`7. Claim 16(d2) ..............................................................................................52
`8. Claim 16(d3) ..............................................................................................52
`9. Claim 16(e) ................................................................................................52
`J. Claim 17 .......................................................................................................52
`1. Claim 17(Pre1) ...........................................................................................52
`2. Claim 17(Pre2) ...........................................................................................52
`3. Claim 17(Pre3) ...........................................................................................53
`4. Claim 17(Pre4) ...........................................................................................53
`5. Claim 17(a) ................................................................................................53
`6. Claim 17(a1) ..............................................................................................53
`7. Claim 17(a2) ..............................................................................................53
`8. Claim 17(a3) ..............................................................................................53
`9. Claim 17(a4) ..............................................................................................53
`10. Claim 17(b) ............................................................................................53
`11. Claim 17(c) .............................................................................................53
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`U.S. Patent No. 9,665,705
`12. Claim 17(d) ............................................................................................53
`13. Claim 17(e) .............................................................................................53
`14. Claim 17(f) .............................................................................................54
`VII. DISCRETIONARY CONSIDERATIONS ..................................................54
`A. The Fintiv Factors Favor Institution .........................................................54
`1. Stay ............................................................................................................54
`2. Proximity of the Court’s Trial Date ...........................................................54
`3.
`Investment in Parallel Proceeding .............................................................57
`4. Overlap ......................................................................................................57
`5. Same Party .................................................................................................58
`6. Other Circumstances ..................................................................................58
`B. The Fintiv Framework Should Be Overturned ........................................59
`1. The Fintiv Framework Exceeds the Director’s Authority .........................59
`2. The Fintiv Framework Is Arbitrary and Capricious ..................................59
`3. The Fintiv Framework Was Impermissibly Adopted Without Notice-and-
`Comment Rulemaking ......................................................................................60
`VIII. CONCLUSION .............................................................................................60
`IX. MANDATORY NOTICES UNDER Under 37 C.F.R. § 42.8(a)(1) ............62
`A. Real Party-In-Interest .................................................................................62
`B. Related Matters ...........................................................................................62
`C. Lead and Back-Up Counsel ........................................................................62
`
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`Inter Partes Review No. IPR2022-00602
`U.S. Patent No. 9,665,705
`TABLE OF AUTHORITIES
`
`Cases
`Apple Inc. v. Fintiv, Inc., IPR2020-00019, Paper 11 (PTAB Mar. 20, 2020) . passim
`Cisco Sys., Inc. v. Ramot at Tel Aviv Univ. Ltd., IPR2020-00122, Paper 15 (PTAB
`May 15, 2020) ......................................................................................................56
`DISH Network L.L.C. v. Broadband iTV, Inc., IPR2020-01280, Paper 17 (PTAB
`Feb. 4, 2021) ........................................................................................................53
`Horsehead Resource Dev. Co. v. Browner, 16 F.3d 1246 (D.C. Cir. 1994) ...........57
`In re Apple Inc., No 20-135, slip op. (Fed. Cir. Nov. 9, 2020) ...............................53
`Kisor v. Wilkie, 139 S. Ct. 2400 (2019) ...................................................................58
`NHK Spring Co., Ltd., v. Intri-Plex Technologies, Inc., IPR2018-00752, Paper 8
`(PTAB Sept. 12, 2018) .............................................................................52, 54, 58
`Petrella v. Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, Inc., 572 U.S. 663, 667 (2014) .......................57
`Port of Seattle v. FERC, 499 F.3d 1016 (9th Cir. 2007) .........................................58
`Sand Revolution II, LLC v. Continental Intermodal Group-Trucking LLC,
`IPR2019-01393, Paper 24 (PTAB Jun. 16, 2020) ................................................52
`Shenzhen Carku Tech. Co., Ltd. v. The Noco Co., IPR2020-00944, Paper 20
`(PTAB Nov. 12, 2020) .........................................................................................52
`Statutes
`35 U.S.C. § 314 .......................................................................................................52
`35 U.S.C. § 315 .......................................................................................................57
`35 U.S.C. § 316 .......................................................................................................54
`35 U.S.C. § 325 .......................................................................................................57
`Regulations
`37 C.F.R. § 42.100 .....................................................................................................5
`37 C.F.R. § 42.104 .................................................................................................4, 5
`37 C.F.R. § 42.105 ...................................................................................................73
`37 C.F.R. § 42.24 .....................................................................................................72
`37 C.F.R. § 42.6 .......................................................................................................73
`37 C.F.R. § 42.8 .................................................................................................60, 72
`
`
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`I.
`
`Inter Partes Review No. IPR2022-00602
`U.S. Patent No. 9,665,705
`
`INTRODUCTION
`Petitioner Apple Inc. (“Petitioner”) requests Inter Partes Review (“IPR”) of
`
`Claims 1, 4, 6, 10-12, and 14-17 (collectively, the “Challenged Claims”) of U.S.
`
`Patent No. 9,665,705 (“the ’705 Patent”). The purportedly distinguishing features of
`
`the Challenged Claims were (1) emitting a “secure” access signal in a secure access
`
`system; and (2) enrolling a new user’s fingerprint by providing control information
`
`via a sequence of presses of certain amount and duration. Both features were well-
`
`known before the ’705 Patent, rendering the Challenged Claims obvious. IPR of the
`
`Challenged Claims should thus be instituted.
`
`II.
`
`SUMMARY OF THE ’705 PATENT
`A. Description of the Alleged Invention
`The ’705 Patent describes a secure access system. At a transmitter subsystem,
`
`a biometric (e.g., fingerprint) is received by a sensor, matched against a stored
`
`fingerprint, and an accessibility attribute is outputted. A secure access signal
`
`carrying information corresponding to the accessibility attribute is transmitted to a
`
`receiver subsystem for providing access to a controlled item. ’705 Patent, Abstract,
`
`5:57–6:20, 6:67–7:3, 8:24-38, FIG. 2.
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`Inter Partes Review No. IPR2022-00602
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`The sensor may receive a series of fingerprint presses of a certain duration
`
`that are compared to stored control signals. ’705 Patent, 10:56–11:12.
`
`B.
`Summary of Unpatentability of the Challenged Claims
`Access systems sending a biometric “secure access signal” were well-known
`
`as of August 2003. Mathiassen teaches a secure access system for unlocking car
`
`doors, where a portable control emits an encrypted, single-use command.
`
`Mathiassen’s portable control includes a fingerprint sensor for authenticating a user
`
`to lock/unlock car doors. Mathiassen also teaches a user-input series of fingerprint
`
`representations to instruct various commands. Upon matching a live fingerprint
`
`against a stored fingerprint, car door locks are opened.
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`Inter Partes Review No. IPR2022-00602
`U.S. Patent No. 9,665,705
`Mathiassen teaches portable door control outputting an encrypted command
`
`to grant access to the car door locks. McKeeth teaches outputting other signals
`
`indicating when a user is under duress or when a user is unauthorized, i.e., to instruct
`
`duress access or alert access.
`
`Although Mathiassen teaches inputting a command via a series of fingerprint
`
`representations, Mathiassen does not teach determining a duration of each entry.
`
`Anderson teaches inputting an access code including fingerprint presses of varying
`
`duration.
`
`Modifying Mathiassen’s portable control to output information indicating
`
`duress access and alert access, in addition to Mathiassen’s taught grant access, and
`
`further modifying Mathiassen to determine a duration of the taught series of entries,
`
`would have been obvious to a POSITA.
`
`C.
`Priority Date of the Challenged Claims
`The ’705 Patent was filed on January 19, 2016, as U.S. Patent Application No.
`
`15/000,818, which claims priority to U.S. Patent No. 9,269,208 (for which an IPR is
`
`filed commensurately herewith), which claims priority to PCT/AU2004/001083,
`
`filed August 13, 2004, now U.S. Patent No. 8,266,442. ’705 Patent (Ex. 1001), (63).
`
`The ’705 Patent further lists priority to AU2003904317, filed August 13, 2003. ’705
`
`Patent, (30).
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`Inter Partes Review No. IPR2022-00602
`U.S. Patent No. 9,665,705
`For this IPR only, Apple applies August 13, 2003, as the priority date for the
`
`Challenged Claims.
`
`D. Level of Skill of a POSITA
`A POSITA at the time of the ’705 Patent (August 13, 2003) would have had
`
`at least a bachelor’s degree in computer engineering, computer science, electrical
`
`engineering, or a related field, with at least one year of experience in the field of
`
`human-machine interfaces and device access security. Additional education or
`
`experience might substitute for the above requirements. Dec., 31-35.1
`
`III. REQUIREMENTS FOR IPR UNDER 37 C.F.R. § 42.104
`A. Grounds for Standing Under 37 C.F.R. § 42.104(a)
`Apple certifies the ’705 Patent is available for IPR and Apple is not barred or
`
`estopped from requesting IPR challenging the claims of the ’705 Patent. Apple is
`
`not the owner of the ’705 Patent, has not filed a civil action challenging the validity
`
`of any claim of the ’705 Patent, and this Petition is filed less than one year after
`
`Apple was served with a complaint alleging infringement of the ’705 Patent.
`
`B.
`
`Identification of Challenge Under 37 C.F.R. § 42.104(b) and Relief
`Requested
`In view of the prior art and evidence presented, the Challenged Claims of the
`
`’705 Patent are unpatentable and institution should be granted. 37 C.F.R.
`
`§ 42.104(b)(1); 37 C.F.R. § 42.104(b)(2).
`
`
`1 All citations to “Dec.” are to Ex. 1003, Declaration of Dr. Andrew Sears.
`
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`Inter Partes Review No. IPR2022-00602
`U.S. Patent No. 9,665,705
`Proposed Grounds of Unpatentability
`Ground 1: Claims 1, 4, 6, 10-12, and 14-17 are obvious under § 103(a) over
`Mathiassen (Ex. 1004) in view of McKeeth (Ex. 1005) and Anderson (Ex. 1006)
`
`
`
`Sections V-VII identify where each element of the Challenged Claims is
`
`found in the prior art. 37 C.F.R. § 42.104(b)(4). The exhibit numbers of evidence
`
`relied upon to support the challenges are provided above and the relevance of
`
`evidence to the challenges raised is provided in Section IV. 37 C.F.R. § 42.104(b)(5).
`
`Exhibits 1001-1080 are also attached.
`
`C. Claim Construction Under 37 C.F.R. § 42.104(b)(3)
`Here, claims are interpreted under the same standard applied by Article III
`
`courts (i.e., the Phillips standard). 37 C.F.R. § 42.100(b); 83 Fed. Reg. 197 (Oct. 11,
`
`2018); Phillips v. AWH Corp., 415 F.3d 1303, 1312 (Fed. Cir. 2005) (en banc). With
`
`the exceptions discussed below, Petitioner applies the plain and ordinary meaning
`
`of all claim terms. Petitioner does not waive any argument in any litigation that claim
`
`terms in the ’705 Patent are indefinite or additional terms need construction.
`
`In the related district court litigation, a Markman Order was entered February
`
`10, 2022. (Ex. 1077). The Parties also agreed to certain constructions in a Joint Claim
`
`Construction Statement (JCCS). (Ex. 1074). For purposes of this IPR, Apple applies
`
`the District Court’s constructions from the Apple litigation and constructions agreed
`
`to by the Parties (Ex. 1074) that are not otherwise plain and ordinary meaning, shown
`
`in the chart below.
`
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`Inter Partes Review No. IPR2022-00602
`U.S. Patent No. 9,665,705
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`Construction
`“Organized structure of data” (Ex. 1074, 3)
`
`“Access based on accessibility attribute” (Ex. 1074,
`3)
`
`“Physical attribute of the user (i.e., fingerprint, facial
`pattern, iris, retina, voice, etc.)” (Ex. 1074, 3)
`
`“attribute that establishes whether and under which
`conditions access to the controlled item should be
`granted to a user” (Ex. 1077, 2-3)
`
`Claim Term
`Claims 1, 4, 10-12, 14-17:
`“database”
`
`Agreed-Upon
`Construction,
`Ex. 1074
`Claims 1, 11, 14-17:
`“conditional access”
`
`Agreed-Upon
`Construction,
`Ex. 1074
`Claims 1, 10-12, 14-17:
`“biometric signal”
`
`Agreed-Upon
`Construction,
`Ex. 1074
`Claims 1, 10-11, 14-17:
`“accessibility attribute”
`
`Court’s Construction,
`Ex. 1077
`
`
`IV. THE CITED REFERENCES ARE ANALOGOUS PRIOR ART
`Mathiassen, a U.S. patent application filed December 18, 2002, and published
`
`June 24, 2004, qualifies as prior art under § 102(e). Mathiassen teaches a secure
`
`access system transmitting wireless signals providing access to a controlled item.
`
`Mathiassen, [0175-0186]. Mathiassen teaches enrolling an administrator’s biometric
`
`and inputting a series of fingerprint representations instructing a command.
`
`Mathiassen, [0162-0165], [0192]. Because Mathiassen, like the ’705 Patent,
`
`discloses a system providing secure access to a controlled item, Mathiassen is in the
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`Inter Partes Review No. IPR2022-00602
`U.S. Patent No. 9,665,705
`same field of endeavor and is pertinent to the ’705 Patent’s problem to solve. Dec.,
`
`81-88. Mathiassen is analogous art.
`
`McKeeth, a U.S. patent filed February 23, 2000, and issued July 20, 2004,
`
`qualifies as prior art under § 102(e). McKeeth teaches a computer system granting
`
`access and issuing an alert when a user is under duress or denying access when a
`
`user is unauthorized. McKeeth, 4:28-35, 5:48-53. Because McKeeth, like the ’705
`
`Patent, discloses a system for providing or denying access, McKeeth is in the same
`
`field of endeavor and is pertinent to the problem to the ’705 Patent’s problem to
`
`solve. Dec., 89-93. McKeeth is analogous art.
`
`Anderson, a U.S. patent filed September 1, 1999, and issued January 21, 2003,
`
`qualifies as prior art under § 102(e). Anderson teaches inputting a fingerprint code
`
`to a touch interface via “temporal variations.” Anderson, 7:1-39. Because Anderson,
`
`like the ’705 Patent, discloses providing a series of biometric entries authenticating
`
`a user and enabling a function, Anderson is in the same field of endeavor and is
`
`pertinent to the ’705 Patent’s problem to solve. Dec., 94-100. Anderson is analogous
`
`art.
`
`V. MATHIASSEN’S ARCHITECTURE OVERVIEW
`Mathiassen teaches an integrated circuit (IC) as the “core device” of the secure
`
`access system that contains a processor 2. Mathiassen, [0048, 0050]. The processor
`
`2 executes “program code, e.g., administrative software” stored in non-volatile
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`memory 7/7A on the IC 1. Id. This administrative software includes algorithms for
`
`providing secure access, such as a matching and SKG algorithm. Mathiassen, [0050,
`
`0072, 0076]. Movement analyzing and translation software are additionally
`
`described as providing secure access. Mathiassen, [0192]. A POSITA would have
`
`understood the analyzing and translation software, like the administrative software,
`
`are executed by processor 2. Mathiassen, [0192], Dec. 108.
`
`The ’705 Patent uses the terms “processor” and “controller” interchangeably.
`
`Compare ’705 Patent, 6:7 (describing “controller 107”), with 14:33-37 (describing
`
`“processor modules 107”), 15:6-9, Fig. 10, 6:4 (describing “controller/transmitter
`
`107”). A POSITA would have understood controllers 107,109 are functionally
`
`equivalent to a processor(s). Dec., 109-111. The ’705 Patent describes the controllers
`
`107, 109 primarily in terms of functions performed. ’705 Patent, 6:2–6:9; Dec., 110.
`
`Thus, Mathiassen’s processor teaches or renders obvious the controllers described
`
`and claimed in the ’705 Patent. Dec. 111.
`
`Apple applies this Section V discussion for each claimed “controller” to avoid
`
`repetitive mapping.
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`Inter Partes Review No. IPR2022-00602
`U.S. Patent No. 9,665,705
`VI. GROUND 1: THERE IS A REASONABLE LIKELIHOOD CLAIMS 1,
`4, 6, 10-12, AND 14-17 ARE OBVIOUS OVER THE COMBINATION
`OF MATHIASSEN, MCKEETH, AND ANDERSON
`A. Claim 1
`1.
`Claim 1(Pre)
`To the extent the preamble is limiting, Mathiassen teaches a system for
`
`providing secure access to a controlled item. Mathiassen, Abstract. Mathiassen
`
`teaches a “portable access device…for allowing only authorized users access to, an
`
`access-limited apparatus, device, network or system….” Mathiassen, [0016],
`
`Abstract. Mathiassen discloses access-limited apparatus (“controlled items”)
`
`including a USB interface ([0054]), hotel safe ([0119]), medicine cabinet ([0122-
`
`0123]), and portable control 20 for unlocking a car ([0145-0147]). Each access-
`
`limited item disclosed in Mathiassen is a “controlled item,” as claimed, as access to
`
`the item is limited to “authorized users.” Mathiassen, [0047]; Dec., 112-113.
`
`Mathiassen teaches a “system” implementing the “method of providing
`
`secured access control.” Mathiassen, Abstract. Integrated circuit (IC) 1 couples with
`
`a “biometric sensor” for performing secure access control. Mathiassen, [0048-0050],
`
`FIGs. 2A-2B; Dec., 114 (opining the IC is also used for the portable remote door
`
`control 20, described in Mathiassen, [0147]). The IC includes components, such as
`
`processor 2 and non-volatile memory 7,7A,7E, and function blocks, such as pre-
`
`processing block 5C for processing the biometric and encryption blocks 8,8B,8C.
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`Inter Partes Review No. IPR2022-00602
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`Id. In some embodiments, the IC is coupled with a network [0053], while in other
`
`embodiments IC is used in “stand-alone applications,” such as “within a car” [0108].
`
`In stand-alone applications, such as portable control 20, Mathiassen’s
`
`“system” includes fingerprint sensor 5 and transceiver 27 (both housed in unit 20),
`
`and ignition control 15 (including IC 1), a central car computer, door locks, and
`
`transceivers of the central car computer and door locks (each of which resides in the
`
`car). Mathiassen, [0167-0168], [0186-0188]. Portable control 20 connects to the
`
`ignition control via the central computer’s transceiver:
`
`Mathiassen, Fig. 8, [0147], [0149], [0186]; Dec., 115-116.
`
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`Inter Partes Review No. IPR2022-00602
`U.S. Patent No. 9,665,705
`Claim 1’s mapping relies on Mathiassen’s portable control 20 embodiment of
`
`Mathiassen, where the “controlled item” is Mathiassen’s car door locks in the
`
`“central locking system.” The portable control remotely controls the door locks.
`
`Mathiassen, [0145]; Dec., 117. Mathiassen’s IC 1 ([0048-0050]) is used in each
`
`embodiment, including the car door lock embodiment. Dec., 117 (citing Mathiassen,
`
`[0146], FIG. 2B). An internal motivation to combine from other embodiment details
`
`with the car door embodiment is provided below.
`
`2.
`Claim 1(a)
`Under the agreed claim construction, “database” is an “organized structure of
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`data.” See Section III.C. Mathiassen teaches a “memory comprising a database of
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`biometric signatures,” as claimed, namely non-volatile memory 7,7A of IC residing
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`in portable control 20 storing one or more master minutiae tables of fingerprint
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`representations (i.e., “a database of biometric signatures”):
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`Inter Partes Review No. IPR2022-00602
`U.S. Patent No. 9,665,705
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`Mathiassen, [0147], Fig. 2B, [0050].
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`The IC generates minutiae by reducing images captured when a user places
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`finger(s) on the fingerprint sensor. Mathiassen, [0162-164], [0190]. A POSITA
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`would have understood master minutiae tables contain biometric signatures of car
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`users. Dec., 118-121. Mathiassen teaches the master minutiae tables are fingerprint
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`representations taken from “raw images” of the fingerprint applied to the fingerprint
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`sensor. Mathiassen, [0049-0050]; Dec., 119. The “fingerprint representations” are
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`stored as “minutiae” in non-volatile memory 7,7A,7E. Mathiassen, [0050]. Because
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`the master minutiae tables represent the user’s fingerprint(s), and because
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`Inter Partes Review No. IPR2022-00602
`U.S.