(19) United States
`(12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2011/0050164 A1
`(43) Pub. Date:
`Mar. 3, 2011
`Partoviet al.
`
`US 2011 005O164A1
`
`(54)
`
`SYSTEMAND METHODS FOR INDUCTIVE
`CHARGING, AND IMPROVEMENTS AND
`USES THEREOF
`
`(76)
`
`Inventors:
`
`(21)
`
`Appl. No.:
`
`Afshin Partovi, Sunnyvale, CA
`(US); Michael Sears, Ben Lomond,
`CA (US)
`12/769,586
`
`(22)
`
`Filed:
`
`Apr. 28, 2010
`
`(63)
`
`(60)
`
`Related U.S. Application Data
`Continuation-in-part of application No. 12/116,876,
`filed on May 7, 2008.
`Provisional application No. 61/173,497, filed on Apr.
`28, 2009, provisional application No. 61/178,807,
`filed on May 15, 2009, provisional application No.
`61/184,659, filed on Jun. 5, 2009, provisional applica
`tion No. 61/223,673, filed on Jul. 7, 2009, provisional
`application No. 61/223,669, filed on Jul. 7, 2009, pro
`visional application No. 61/304,320, filed on Feb. 12,
`2010, provisional application No. 61/317.946, filed on
`Mar. 26, 2010.
`
`Publication Classification
`
`(51) Int. Cl.
`(2006.01)
`H02. 7/00
`(52) U.S. Cl. ........................................................ 32O/108
`
`ABSTRACT
`(57)
`Described herein are various systems and methods for use
`with power Supplies and other power Sources and chargers
`and particularly those that use inductive charging, including
`systems and methods for use thereof. Such as improved trans
`fer of wireless power to mobile devices and batteries. In
`accordance with some embodiments described herein, Vari
`ous methods are described by which the wired and/or wireless
`power devices and chargers or power Supplies can provide
`additional connectivity and communications capabilities;
`methods by which the wireless power devices and chargers or
`power Supplies can provide better thermal performance, bet
`ter detection of external objects, and better power transfer
`efficiencies; different geometries and/or modes; techniques
`for enabling the charger to be powered by a power source
`from another device, such as the power available from the
`USB or PCMCIA port or similar; and other systems and
`methods to improve charging efficiency, usage, and other
`features.
`
`
`
`Gap in Magnet
`
`
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`Alignment
`Magnet
`Optional EMI
`Shield Heat
`Shield
`
`Receiver Coil
`
`Rectifier Filter
`Communication
`Control
`
`Electrical
`Connectors t
`mobile device
`
`Mobile Dewice
`Mai Processor
`
`Battery Connector
`Pis
`
`Battery
`Connector
`Pirs
`
`
`
`i -
`
`Wired Charger
`Connector and for
`data, USB, etc.
`(optional)
`
`Electrical
`Connectors to
`Battery Door
`
`Battery
`compartment
`
`Charge
`Management
`CPower
`Management IC
`
`Battery Cover Or Device
`Back
`
`DeVice Back With CoVer or Back
`Removed
`
`Battery for the Device
`
`Ex.1018
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`Patent Application Publication
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`Patent Application Publication
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`US 2011/005O164 A1
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`Patent Application Publication
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`Mar. 3, 2011 Sheet 3 of 37
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`Patent Application Publication
`
`Mar. 3, 2011 Sheet 4 of 37
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`US 2011/005O164 A1
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`US 2011/005O164 A1
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`Patent Application Publication
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`Mar. 3, 2011 Sheet 6 of 37
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`APPLE INC. / Page 7 of 60
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`Mar. 3, 2011 Sheet 8 of 37
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`Ex.1018
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`Patent Application Publication
`
`Mar. 3, 2011 Sheet 9 of 37
`
`US 2011/005O164 A1
`
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`Ex.1018
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`
`Mar. 3, 2011 Sheet 10 of 37
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`US 2011/005O164 A1
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`
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`Ex.1018
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`
`Mar. 3, 2011 Sheet 11 of 37
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`US 2011/005O164 A1
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`Ex.1018
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`Mar. 3, 2011 Sheet 12 of 37
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`US 2011/005O164 A1
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`Ex.1018
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`Mar. 3, 2011 Sheet 13 of 37
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`US 2011/005O164 A1
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`Mar. 3, 2011 Sheet 14 of 37
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`Mar. 3, 2011 Sheet 16 of 37
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`Mar. 3, 2011 Sheet 18 of 37
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`US 2011/0050164 A1
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`Ex.1018
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`US 2011/005O164 A1
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`Ex.1018
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`Ex.1018
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`Ex.1018
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`Ex.1018
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`Ex.1018
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`Ex.1018
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`Ex.1018
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`US 2011/005O164 A1
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`Ex.1018
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`Ex.1018
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`Ex.1018
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`Patent Application Publication
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`Mar. 3, 2011 Sheet 36 of 37
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`US 2011/005O164 A1
`
`Battery Cei.
`
`receiy& Ri
`
`Ring Aigiment
`visages with
`{Optica 3ap or Cat
`
`hermistori
`Battery
`(33cs
`
`* - r&ge; & irst&ctio:
`f
`artiser i
`Switching Circuit
`
`A.
`
`Electromagetic: & far leat Shield
`(between the QQi and battery ce.
`
`Figure 44
`
`Receiver Coil
`
`Alignment
`agrets
`
`
`
`
`
`Battery Celi
`
`hesistori
`-------as attery
`Cotacts
`
`- receive: ;
`i
`toiesiri i
`Switching Circuit
`
`s
`Eteorotagnetic & for eat Shieid
`between the coil air battery ceil
`
`Figure 45
`
`Ex.1018
`APPLE INC. / Page 37 of 60
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`

`

`Patent Application Publication
`
`Mar. 3, 2011 Sheet 37 of 37
`
`US 2011/005O164 A1
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`
`
`
`
`Figure f
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`Ex.1018
`APPLE INC. / Page 38 of 60
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`US 2011/005O164 A1
`
`Mar. 3, 2011
`
`SYSTEMAND METHODS FOR INDUCTIVE
`CHARGING, AND IMPROVEMENTS AND
`USES THEREOF
`
`CLAIM OF PRIORITY AND
`CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED
`APPLICATIONS
`0001. This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S.
`Patent Application titled “SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR
`INDUCTIVE CHARGING OF PORTABLE DEVICES,
`application Ser. No. 12/116,876, filed May 7, 2008, (pub
`lished as U.S. Patent Publication No. 20090096413), and
`claims the benefit of priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Appli
`cations “CONTEXTUALLY AWARE POWER AND COM
`MUNICATION FOR USE WITH MOBILE DEVICES,
`Application No. 61/173,497, filed Apr. 28, 2009: “CONTEX
`TUALLY AWARE POWER AND COMMUNICATION
`FOR USE WITH MOBILE DEVICES, Application No.
`61/178,807, filed May 15, 2009; “SYSTEMAND METHOD
`FOR IMPROVED WIRELESS CHARGING AND POWER
`TRANSFER'', Application No. 61/184,659, filed Jun. 5,
`2009; “SYSTEMAND METHOD FOR IMPROVED WIRE
`LESS CHARGING AND POWER TRANSFER", Applica
`tion No. 61/223,673, filed Jul. 7, 2009: “SYSTEM AND
`METHOD FOR WIRELESS CHARGING OF DEVICES
`AND BATTERIES, Application No. 61/223,669, filed Jul.
`7, 2009; “SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR PROVIDING
`WIRELESS POWER CHARGERS RECEIVERS AND
`BATTERIES”, Application No. 61/304,320, filed Feb. 12,
`2010; and “SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR PROVIDING
`OR FOR USE WITH WIRELESS POWER CHARGERS,
`RECEIVERS AND BATTERIES”, Application No. 61/317,
`946, filed Mar. 26, 2010; and is related to U.S. Patent Appli
`cations “PORTABLE INDUCTIVE POWER SOURCE,
`Application No. 60/763,816, filed Jan. 31, 2006: “MOBILE
`DEVICE, CHARGER, AND POWER SUPPLY”, Applica
`tion No. 60/810,262, filed Jun. 1, 2006; “MOBILE DEVICE,
`BATTERY CHARGING SYSTEM, AND POWERSUPPLY
`SYSTEM”, Application No. 60/810,298, filed Jun. 1, 2006:
`SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR PROVIDING AND
`USING A PORTABLE INDUCTIVE POWER SOURCE,
`Application No. 60/868,674, filed Dec. 5, 2006: “INDUC
`TIVE POWER SOURCE AND CHARGING SYSTEM,
`application Ser. No. 1 1/669,113, filed Jan. 30, 2007 (pub
`lished as U.S. Patent Publication No. 20070182367);
`“POWERSOURCE, CHARGING SYSTEM, AND INDUC
`TIVE RECEIVER FOR MOBILE DEVICES, application
`Ser. No. 1 1/757,067, filed Jun. 1, 2007 (published as U.S.
`Patent Publication No. 20070279002): “SYSTEM AND
`METHOD FOR CHARGING AND POWERING MOBILE
`DEVICES, BATTERIES, AND OTHER DEVICES, Appli
`cation No. 60/916,748, filed May 8, 2007: “SYSTEMAND
`METHOD FOR INDUCTIVE CHARGING OF PORTABLE
`DEVICES, Application No. 60/952,835, filed Jul. 30, 2007;
`“WIRELESS CHARGER WITH POSITION INSENSITIV
`ITY TO PLACEMENT OF MOBILE DEVICES, Applica
`tion No. 61/012,922, filed Dec. 12, 2007: “SYSTEMAND
`METHOD FOR PROVIDING CONTROL, REGULATION,
`AND COMMUNICATION IN CHARGERS AND POWER
`SUPPLIES”, Application No. 61/012,924, filed Dec. 12,
`2007: “WIRELESS CHARGER WITH POSITION INSEN
`SITIVITY TO PLACEMENT OF MOBILE AND ELEC
`TRONIC DEVICES, Application No. 61/015,606, filed
`Dec. 20, 2007; and “SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR
`
`INDUCTIVE CHARGING OF PORTABLE DEVICES,
`application Ser. No. 12/116,876, filed May 7, 2008, (pub
`lished as U.S. Patent Publication No. 20090096413), each of
`which applications are incorporated by reference herein.
`
`COPYRIGHT NOTICE
`0002. A portion of the disclosure of this patent document
`contains material which is subject to copyright protection.
`The copyright owner has no objection to the facsimile repro
`duction by anyone of the patent document or the patent dis
`closure, as it appears in the Patent and Trademark Office
`patent file or records, but otherwise reserves all copyright
`rights whatsoever.
`
`FIELD OF INVENTION
`0003. The invention is related generally to power supplies
`and other power sources and chargers and particularly to
`inductive charging, and to improvements, systems and meth
`ods for use thereof, such as improved transfer of wireless
`power to mobile devices and batteries.
`
`BACKGROUND
`0004. With the increased use of mobile devices, many
`methods and protocols for wireless and wired connectivity
`and communication between nearby devices (several centi
`meters to meters) and also between devices and the wider
`network of farther devices (tens of meters to thousands of
`kilometers) are proliferating. For near devices, Bluetooth,
`WiFi, Wireless USB, Zigbee, Near Field Communication
`(NFC), HDMI, USB, Firewire, RS232, GPIB, etc., and other
`specialized device or application specific protocols are com
`mon, while for larger distances devices may include wireless
`technologies such as 2G, 3G, 4G, GSM, Edge, WiMAX,
`EVDO. Satellite, Optical, or GPS etc. or wired technologies
`such as Ethernet, Dial up modem, DSL, Fiber, Power Line,
`etc. may coexist in a single device.
`0005 While these technologies provide huge advantages
`to users in connectivity and communication, the vast majority
`of electronics have so far been powered or charged through
`traditional use of wired power Supplies and chargers.
`0006 Recently, there has been an interest in providing a
`universal wireless method for powering or charging one or
`several mobile devices, batteries, or electronics devices in
`general simultaneously. These “wireless power methods can
`be generally divided into conductive and inductive methods.
`While the conductive methods use flow of current from a
`charger and/or power Supply into the mobile devices to pro
`vide power and therefore are not strictly speaking wireless,
`they offer geometries where a user can place a device on a pad
`or similar object and receive power through matching con
`tacts on the back of a device and the pad without plugging in
`the device. The inductive methods (including variations such
`as magnetic resonance) utilize coils or wires in a charger
`and/or power Supply to create a magnetic field in the vicinity
`of the surface. A coil or wire in a receiver embedded into or on
`a device or battery that is in the vicinity of the surface can
`sense the magnetic field. Power from the charger and/or
`power supply can be transferred to the receiver without any
`wired connection through air or other media in between.
`0007. However despite advances in “wireless power',
`both with the conductive and inductive approaches, little
`progress has been made interms of increasing efficiency. Such
`as improved transfer of wireless power, and new uses and
`
`Ex.1018
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`US 2011/005O164 A1
`
`Mar. 3, 2011
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`applications for Such systems. This is the general area that
`embodiments of the invention are intended to address.
`
`SUMMARY
`0008. Described herein are various systems and methods
`for use with power Supplies and other power sources and
`chargers and particularly those that use inductive charging,
`including systems and methods for use thereof. Such as
`improved transfer of wireless power to mobile devices and
`batteries.
`0009. In accordance with some embodiments described
`herein, various methods are described by which the wired
`and/or wireless power devices and chargers or power Supplies
`can provide additional connectivity and communications
`capabilities. In this way, in addition to charging, during the
`charging or docking process, other activities that are useful to
`the user can be implemented.
`0010. In accordance with some embodiments described
`herein, features can be provided that overcome several short
`comings of previous approaches, including methods by
`which the wireless power devices and chargers or power
`supplies can provide better thermal performance, better
`detection of external objects, and better power transfer effi
`ciencies, and can enable operation at greater distance between
`charger and receiver coils.
`0011. In accordance with some embodiments described
`herein, a wireless charger system or system for transfer of
`power wirelessly can be provided in several different geom
`etries and/or modes.
`0012. In accordance with some embodiments described
`herein, a device is described by which the wireless charger
`and/or power Supply is a device that is powered by a power
`source from another device such as the power available from
`the USB or PCMCIA port or similar from a laptop computer
`or a peripheral hub or consumer electronic or communication
`device such as a music player, TV, video player, Stereo, or car
`stereo USB or other outlets which include power.
`0013. In accordance with some embodiments described
`herein, features can be provided to improve charging effi
`ciency, usage, and other features, and can be used in combi
`nation with systems and methods described, for example, in
`U.S. patent application Ser. No. 1 1/669,113, filed Jan. 30.
`2007 (published as U.S. Patent Publication No.
`20070182367); U.S. patent application Ser. No. 1 1/757,067,
`filed Jun. 1, 2007 (published as U.S. Patent Publication No.
`20070279002); and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/116,
`876, filed May 7, 2008, (published as U.S. Patent Publication
`No. 20090096413), each of which applications are incorpo
`rated by reference herein.
`
`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
`
`0014 FIG. 1 shows an illustration of a circuit in accor
`dance with an embodiment.
`0.015
`FIG. 2 shows an illustration of a circuit in accor
`dance with an embodiment.
`0016 FIG. 3 shows an illustration of a circuit in accor
`dance with an embodiment.
`0017 FIG. 4 shows an illustration of a circuit in accor
`dance with an embodiment.
`0018 FIG. 5 shows an illustration of a wireless charger
`and/or power receiver integrated into a mobile device battery
`cover or back cover in accordance with an embodiment.
`
`0019 FIG. 6 shows an illustration of a receiver integrated
`into a mobile device and/or battery, in accordance with an
`embodiment.
`0020 FIG.7 shows an illustration of an inductive charging
`system where the receiver coil (top coil and its substrate) is
`integrated into or on a rechargeable battery, or into or on a
`mobile, electronic, or electric device, in accordance with an
`embodiment.
`0021
`FIG. 8 shows an illustration of a helical coil and a
`representative shape for the generated magnetic flux by this
`coil, in accordance with an embodiment.
`0022 FIG. 9 shows an illustration of a coil designed to
`have an annular shape with no winding in the middle, in
`accordance with an embodiment.
`0023 FIG. 10 shows an illustration of the integration of
`the wire wound or PCB or stand-alone coil on a metal layer
`Surrounding the coil, in accordance with an embodiment.
`0024 FIG. 11 shows an illustration of a metal layer cut at
`one or several places to avoid the possibility of creation of
`circulating currents in the metal Surrounding the coil, in
`accordance with an embodiment.
`0025 FIG. 12 shows an illustration of an embodiment
`wherein a metal or other thermally conductive layer is used
`for heat removal from the coil.
`0026 FIG. 13 shows an illustration of an embodiment
`including the use of heat distribution away from the coil with
`a metal layer below the coil.
`0027 FIG. 14 shows an illustration of an embodiment
`which uses use heat distribution away from the coil with a
`metal layer below the coil.
`(0028 FIG. 15 illustrates the use of heat distribution away
`from the coil with a metal layer below the coil, in accordance
`with an embodiment.
`(0029 FIG. 16 illustrates the use of heat distribution away
`from the coil with a metal layer below the coil, in accordance
`with an embodiment.
`0030 FIG. 17 illustrates the placement of a material
`between the substrate for the antenna coil (marked IC card, IC
`tag) for the NFC or RFID card and a metal backing material
`such as a battery case or in case the RFID is attached to a
`metallic material, in accordance with an embodiment.
`0031
`FIG. 18 is an illustration of several geometries.
`0032 FIG. 19 illustrates a charger and receiver for induc
`tive wireless power transmission with magnetic layer shield
`ing and annular magnet outside of the magnet shield layer
`area, in accordance with an embodiment.
`0033 FIG. 20 shows an illustration of a design for inte
`gration of a wireless charger and/or power receiver into a
`mobile device battery cover or back cover, in accordance with
`an embodiment.
`0034 FIG. 21 shows an illustration of another embodi
`ment, in which the inductive coil and receiver is integrated
`into or on a battery.
`0035 FIG. 22 shows an illustration of another embodi
`ment, in which the receiver circuit is integrated in the inside or
`outside of the device back or battery door.
`0036 FIG. 23 illustrates an embodiment including a wire
`less inductive charger and Inductive receiver coil and circuit.
`0037 FIG. 24 is an illustration of another embodiment for
`enabling charging of cylindrical batteries.
`0038 FIG. 25 is an illustration of another embodiment, in
`which the charger can include multiple coils for charging
`several batteries at the same time
`
`Ex.1018
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`US 2011/005O164 A1
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`Mar. 3, 2011
`
`FIG. 26 is an illustration of another embodiment,
`0.039
`including a wireless charger and/or power Supply is in the
`form of a small device that includes a USB connector and
`directly connects to the side of a laptop to form a platform
`area where a phone, camera, or other mobile device or battery
`can be placed and can receive power to operate and/or charge.
`0040 FIG. 27 illustrates an embodiment for mobile
`devices such as a mobile phone, MP3 or video player, game
`station, laptop, tablet computer, book reader, Computer or
`Video or TV display, etc., a wireless charger and/or power
`Supply is integrated into a stand or holder for Such a mobile
`device so that the mobile device can be powered or charged
`when placed on the stand.
`0041
`FIG. 28 illustrates a further embodiment of a
`charger/power stand which could in addition incorporate an
`area for charging/powering a keyboard and/or a mouse and/or
`joystick or remote control and/or other mobile devices such as
`mobile phone, MP3 player, camera, game player, remote
`control, battery.
`0.042
`FIG. 29 illustrates embodiments wherein a skin or
`case for a mobile phone includes a rechargeable battery and
`connector for the mobile phone.
`0043 FIG.30 illustrates a removable or fixed receiver coil
`and electronics that can fit into a slot to allow the notebook
`computer to be wirelessly charged from below the notebook
`computer, in accordance with an embodiment.
`0044 FIG. 31 illustrates a wireless charger and/or power
`Supply, in accordance with an embodiment.
`004.5
`FIG. 32 illustrates another embodiment where the
`wireless receiver coil and/or electronics are housed in a
`device attached to the bottom of a notebook computer through
`a connector that exists in many laptops for docking.
`0046 FIG.33 illustrates a configuration for the circuitry
`which can be included in common Li-Ion batteries.
`0047 FIG. 34 illustrates a battery that may contain spe
`cialized circuitry to provide battery ID or authentication.
`0048 FIG. 35 illustrates a wireless charging receiver, in
`accordance with an embodiment.
`0049 FIG. 36 illustrates an implementation of a case or
`battery door for a mobile device such as a mobile phone, in
`accordance with an embodiment.
`0050 FIG. 37 illustrates a receiver coil and circuit inte
`grated into a mobile phone battery, in accordance with an
`embodiment.
`0051 FIG.38 is an illustration of a wirelessly chargeable
`battery pack that may include one or more battery cells,
`battery protection and/or ID circuit and/or temperature sen
`sors such as thermistors, in accordance with an embodiment.
`0052 FIG. 39 illustrates the flow of current (in dashed
`lines) when the mobile device is plugged into an external
`wired charger and or charger/data cable and another device
`Such as a notebook or desktop computer, in accordance with
`an embodiment.
`0053 FIGS. 40 and 41 illustrate implementations of a
`wireless chargeable battery for mobile devices, in accordance
`with an embodiment.
`0054 FIG. 42 illustrates a side view of the battery with
`various layers of the receiver coil, optional heat, electromag
`netic shield and/or optional alignment magnet or magnets
`shown, in accordance with an embodiment.
`0055 FIG. 43 is an illustration of a case where an align
`ment disk magnet is incorporated into the center of a coil in a
`
`manner not to increase the overall thickness of the receiver
`coil/shield layer/magnet stack, in accordance with an
`embodiment.
`0056 FIGS. 44 and 45 illustrate other implementations
`with annular or ring or arc alignment magnets whereby the
`magnetis on the outside of the receiver coil and the coil and/or
`the electromagnetic/heat shield layers can fit inside the ring or
`annular or arc magnets between the coil and the battery cell,
`in accordance with an embodiment.
`0057 FIG. 46 illustrates an embodiment wherein a metal
`layer with discontinuous portions is placed behind and/or
`around the coil.
`0058 FIG. 47 is an illustration of an embodiment where
`the heat transfer layer is implemented on the same layer as the
`coil or is constructed not to overlap the coil structure.
`
`DETAILED DESCRIPTION
`0059. With the proliferation of mobile devices in recent
`years, the area of powering and charging these devices has
`attracted more attention. The vast majority of the electronic
`devices in use today are powered and/or charged through
`conduction of electricity through wires from a power Supply
`or charger to the device. While this method has proven to be
`efficient for most stationary devices, recently, there has been
`an interest in providing wireless methods for powering or
`charging one or several mobile devices, batteries, or electron
`ics devices. The advantages include the ability to eliminate a
`charger and/or power Supply cord and the possibility of
`implementing a universal charger/power supply that can be
`able to charge/power multiple devices one at a time or simul
`taneously. The so called “wireless power methods can also
`be generally divided into conductive and inductive methods.
`While the conductive methods use flow of current from a
`charger into the mobile devices and/or battery to provide
`power and therefore are not strictly speaking wireless, they
`offer geometries where a user can place a device on a pad or
`similar object and receive power through matching contacts
`on the back of a device oran after market cover or skin and
`the pad without plugging in the device. Methods based on an
`array of connectors or strips of metal in a pad that can power
`mobile devices conductively have been proposed.
`0060. The inductive methods utilize coils or wires near the
`Surface of a charger and/or power Supply to create a magnetic
`field in the vicinity of the surface. A coil or wire in a receiver
`embedded into a device that is in the vicinity of the surface
`can sense the magnetic field. Power from the charger can be
`transferred to the receiver without any wired connection
`through air or other media in between. By using a higher
`Quality Factor (Q) resonant circuit, the distance between a
`wireless charger and/or power Supply