as) United States
`a2) Patent Application Publication (0) Pub. No.: US 2008/0228938 A1
`(43) Pub. Date: Sep. 18, 2008
`
`Plamondon
`
`US 20080228938A1
`
`(54) SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR
`PREFETCHING OBJECTS FOR CACHING
`USING QOS
`
`(76)
`
`Inventor:
`
`Robert Plamondon,Blodgett, OR
`(US)
`
`Correspondence Address:
`CHOATE, HALL & STEWART LLP
`TWO INTERNATIONAL PLACE
`BOSTON, MA 02110 (US)
`
`(21) Appl. No.:
`
`11/685,133
`
`(22)
`
`Filed:
`
`Mar. 12, 2007
`
`Publication Classification
`
`(51)
`
`Int. Cl.
`GO6F 15/16
`
`(2006.01)
`
`(52) US. C0. ceecccccccccccescssssssssssssssssnsvnnentnseesseseeee 709/233
`
`(57)
`
`ABSTRACT
`
`The present solution provides a variety of techniques for
`accelerating and optimizing network traffic, such as HTTP
`based networktraffic. The solution described herein provides
`techniques in the areas of proxy caching, protocol accelera-
`tion, domain nameresolution acceleration as well as com-
`pression improvements. In somecases, the present solution
`providesvariousprefetching and/or prefreshening techniques
`to improve intermediary or proxy caching, such as HTTP
`proxy caching. In other cases, the present solution provides
`techniques for accelerating a protocol by improvingthe effi-
`ciency of obtaining and servicing data from an originating
`server to server to clients. In another cases, the present solu-
`tion accelerates domain name resolution more quickly. As
`every HTTP access starts with a URL that includes a host-
`namethat mustbe resolved via domain nameresolution into
`an IP address, the present solution helps accelerate HTTP
`access. In some cases, the present solution improves com-
`pression techniques by prefetching non-cacheable and cache-
`able content to use for compressing networktraffic, such as
`HTTP. The
`acceleration and optimization techniques
`described herein may be deployed on the client as a client
`agentor as part of a browser, as well as on any type and form
`ofintermediary device, such as an appliance, proxying device
`or any type of interception caching and/or proxying device.
`
`
`
`=z,
`Client 102a
`
`
`Server
`106a
`
`
`
`
`
`Network ¥
`
`Appliance
`Appliance
`
`
`WAN
`WAN
`Client
`102b
`
`Optimization
`Optimization
`device
`
`device Server
`
`Client
`
`102n
`
`106n
`
`Data Co Exhibit 1010
`Data Co Exhibit 1010
`Data Co v. Bright Data
`
`Data Cov. Bright Data
`
`

`

`Patent Application Publication
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`Sep. 18, 2008 Sheet 1 of 44
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`

`Patent Application Publication
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`Sep. 18, 2008 Sheet 17 of 44
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`US 2008/0228938 Al
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`Sep. 18, 2008 Sheet 18 of 44
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`Patent Application Publication
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`Sep. 18, 2008 Sheet 19 of 44
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`Sep. 18, 2008 Sheet 20 of 44
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`Sep. 18, 2008 Sheet 21 of 44
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`Sep. 18, 2008 Sheet 22 of 44
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`

`Patent Application Publication
`
`Sep. 18, 2008 Sheet 23 of 44
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`US 2008/0228938 Al
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`Sep. 18, 2008 Sheet 24 of 44
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`US 2008/0228938 Al
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`Patent Application Publication
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`Sep. 18, 2008 Sheet 26 of 44
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`Patent Application Publication
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`Sep. 18, 2008 Sheet 28 of 44
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`Patent Application Publication
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`Sep. 18, 2008 Sheet 31 of 44
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`Patent Application Publication
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`Patent Application Publication
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`Patent Application Publication
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`Sep. 18, 2008 Sheet 36 of 44
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`Patent Application Publication
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`Sep. 18, 2008 Sheet 37 of 44
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`Patent Application Publication
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`Patent Application Publication
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`US 2008/0228938 Al
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`Patent Application Publication
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`Sep. 18, 2008 Sheet 44 of 44
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`US 2008/0228938 Al
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`US 2008/0228938 Al
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`Sep. 18, 2008
`
`SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR
`PREFETCHING OBJECTS FOR CACHING
`USING QOS
`
`FIELD OF THE INVENTION
`
`freshness value is selected according to a rule that does not
`vary with the type of object encountered. This approach is not
`optimal since it can result both in the provision ofstale objects
`as well as the validation or freshening of cached objects that
`are notstale.
`[0007]
`Ifa requested object is stored in the cache, andits
`freshness value indicates that the cached object is still valid,
`the object is sent to the client. However, this approach gen-
`erally suffers from a drawbackthat the freshness value may
`not accurately reflect whether the object has changed. There-
`fore, reliance on freshness values can result in the cache
`transmitting outdated information to a user, perhaps many
`times, before the freshness value expires.
`[0008]
`In some cases, proxy servers providing cache
`memories may be deployed in an attempt to ameliorate the
`delays encountered by WANtraffic, i.e., a proxy server may
`beableto respond to a user request with data stored ina cache,
`rather than requiring the userto retrieve the requestedfile or
`object from the data center. However, proxy servers pose a
`security risk for businesses because they typically do not
`(WAN). Delays associated with communication over a WAN
`require user authentication. Therefore, a proxy server may
`typically results in a user experiencethat is not satisfying to
`incorrectly respondto a request fromauserthat does not have
`the user. Therefore techniques for accelerating the network
`authority to retrieve a particular file or object, compromising
`traffic over the WAN are often employed.
`data security.
`[0003] One such acceleration technique is disk-basedtraf-
`[0009] One technique that may be used is prefetching, 1.e.,
`fic caching, i.e., maintaining a history ofpreviously-transmit-
`identifying a file or object that is likely to be requested by a
`ted network traffic on disk in order to identify and send in
`user and requesting that file or object before it is actually
`place of the networktraffic a tag or other identifier over the
`requested. However, this technique usually does not increase
`WAN.However, traditional disk-based caching techniques
`performance as much as might be expected because the
`typically fail
`to provide acceptable performance because
`prefetchingtraffic competes with actual requests for files and
`cache index entries, which are stored in memory, tend to scale
`objects. That contention slows downactual requests and can
`with the number of cache entries, meaning that traditional
`actually exacerbate the delays perceived by users.
`disk-based caches consume large amounts of memory. In
`[0010]
`In somecases, the “freshness” of an object is vali-
`some cases, the size of the disk cache is artificially con-
`dated before it is transmitted to the client. For example, a
`strained because there is not enough memory to properly
`conditional HTTP GET command maybe issued to deter-
`index the cache.
`mineifa requested objectis still valid. However, validating an
`object takes almost as long as fetching it and, therefore,
`encountering a series of stale objects results in poor perfor-
`mance because the validation happens while the useris wait-
`ing.
`[0011] Each request sent by a user begins with resolving a
`Uniform Resource Locator (URL)to an IP address. In some
`cases this resolution may take more than a second to com-
`plete, which appears to the user as a delay. Acceleration of
`DNSresolution would result in a better user experience.
`
`[0001] The present invention generally relates to data com-
`munication networks. In particular, the present invention
`relates to systems and methodsfor acceleration networktraf-
`fic by prefetching objects for caching using QoS.
`
`BACKGROUNDOF THE INVENTION
`
`[0002] Business entities continue to distribute geographi-
`cally their operations. However, at the same time, many busi-
`ness entities desire to consolidate their computing infrastruc-
`ture to a single geographic location in order to simplify
`maintenance and administration. These competing efforts
`often require that a remote business operation communicate
`with a centralized data center over a wide area network
`
`[0004] Another acceleration technique is traffic caching,
`i.e., maintaining a history of previously-transmitted network
`traffic in order to identify and send in place of the network
`traffic a tag or other identifier over the WAN. Such caches
`generally associate a “freshness” value with each cached
`entry. If a requested object is stored in the cache, and its
`freshness valu