IN THE UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
`
`
`
`Theodore L. Brann
`In re Patent of:
`U.S. Patent No.: 6,059,576 Attorney Docket No.: 50095-0041IP1
`Issue Date:
`May 9, 2000
`
`Appl. Serial No.: 08/976,228
`
`Filing Date:
`November 21, 1997
`
`Title:
`TRAINING AND SAFETY DEVICE, SYSTEM AND
`METHOD TO AID IN PROPOER MOVEMENT DURING
`PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
`
`
`Mail Stop Patent Board
`Patent Trial and Appeal Board
`U.S. Patent and Trademark Office
`P.O. Box 1450
`Alexandria, VA 22313-1450
`
`
`PETITION FOR INTER PARTES REVIEW OF UNITED STATES PATENT
`NO. 6,059,576 PURSUANT TO 35 U.S.C. §§ 311–319, 37 C.F.R. § 42
`
`
`
`

`

`Attorney Docket No. 50095-0041IP1
`IPR of U.S. Patent No. 6,059,576
`
`
`
`TABLE OF CONTENTS
`
`I.  REQUIREMENTS FOR IPR UNDER 37 C.F.R. § 42.104 ............................ 13 
`A.  Grounds for Standing .................................................................................. 13 
`B.  Challenge and Relief Requested ................................................................. 13 
`C.  Level of Ordinary Skill in the Art ............................................................... 15 
`D.  Claim Construction ..................................................................................... 16 
`II.  THE ’576 PATENT ......................................................................................... 16 
`A.  Brief Description ......................................................................................... 16 
`B.  Construction of “movement sensor” ........................................................... 17 
`III.  THE CHALLENGED CLAIMS ARE UNPATENTABLE ............................ 18 
`A.  GROUND 1—Ono and Hutchings Render Claims 1, 3-5, 8, 10, 20, 25, 30,
`39, 41, 42, and 61-65 Obvious .................................................................... 18 
`  Ono ......................................................................................................... 18 
`  Hutchings ............................................................................................... 22 
`  Ono-Hutchings Combination ................................................................. 24 
`  Analysis .................................................................................................. 27 
`B.  GROUND 2—Ono, Hutchings, and Amano Render Claims 1, 3-5, 8-11,
`20, 25, 30, 36, 39-42, and 61-65 Obvious................................................... 78 
`  Amano .................................................................................................... 78 
`  Ono-Hutchings-Amano Combination .................................................... 79 
`  Analysis .................................................................................................. 81 
`C.  GROUND 3A—Ono, Hutchings, and Conlan Render Claims 1-5, 8, 10,
`20, 25, 30, 31, 39, 41, 42, 45-47, 49, and 61-65 Obvious .......................... 84 
`  Conlan .................................................................................................... 84 
`  Ono-Hutchings-Conlan Combination .................................................... 86 
`  Analysis .................................................................................................. 88 
`D.  GROUND 3B—Ono, Hutchings, Conlan, and Hickman Render Claims 48,
`50, and 51 Obvious ..................................................................................... 94 
`  Hickman ................................................................................................. 94 
`  Ono-Hutchings-Conlan-Hickman Combination .................................... 95 
`  Analysis .................................................................................................. 95 
`
`
`
`i
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`

`

`Attorney Docket No. 50095-0041IP1
`IPR of U.S. Patent No. 6,059,576
`
`
`
`E.  GROUND 4—Ono, Hutchings, and Kaufman Render Claims 1, 3-5, 8, 10,
`20, 25, 30, 39, 41, 42, 61-65, 144, and 147 Obvious .................................. 97 
`  Kaufman ................................................................................................. 97 
`  Ono-Hutchings-Kaufman Combination ................................................. 98 
`  Analysis .................................................................................................. 99 
`F.  GROUND 5A—Ono, Hutchings, Amano, Conlan, and Kaufman Render
`Claims 1-5, 8-11, 20, 25, 30-32, 36, 39-42, 45-47, 49, 61-65, 144, and 147
`Obvious .....................................................................................................102 
`G.  GROUND 5B—Ono, Hutchings, Amano, Conlan, Kaufman, and Hickman
`Render Claims 48, 50, and 51 Obvious ....................................................105 
`H.  GROUND 6A—Ono, Hutchings, Amano, and Conlan Render Claims 1-5,
`8-11, 20, 25, 30, 31, 36, 39-42, 45-47, 49, and 61-65 Obvious ................105 
`I.  GROUND 6B—Ono, Hutchings, Amano, Conlan, and Hickman Render
`Claims 48, 50, and 51 Obvious .................................................................105 
`J.  GROUND 7—Ono, Hutchings, Amano, and Kaufman Render Claims 1, 3-
`5, 8-11, 20, 25, 30, 36, 39-42, 61-65, 144, and 147 Obvious ...................105 
`K.  GROUND 8A—Ono, Hutchings, Conlan, and Kaufman Render Claims 1-
`5, 8, 10, 20, 25, 30, 31, 39, 41, 42, 45-47, 49, 61-65, 144, and 147 Obvious
` ...................................................................................................................106 
`L.  GROUND 8B—Ono, Hutchings, Conlan, Kaufman, and Hickman Render
`Claims 48, 50, and 51 Obvious .................................................................106 
`IV.  PTAB DISCRETION SHOULD NOT PRECLUDE INSTITUTION ..........106 
`A.  Factor 1: Either Party May Request Stay ..................................................107 
`B.  Factor 2: The FWD will likely issue within one month of Trial (assuming
`that Trial is not delayed) ...........................................................................107 
`C.  Factor 3: Petitioner’s Diligence and Investment in IPR Outweighs the
`Parties’ Minimal Investment in Litigation ................................................108 
`D.  Factor 4: The Petition’s Grounds are Materially Different from any that
`Might be Raised in Litigation ...................................................................109 
`E.  Factor 5: Institution Would Promote Judicial Efficiency .........................110 
`F.  Factor 6: The Merits of this Petition Strongly Favor Institution ..............110 
`V.  CONCLUSION ..............................................................................................112 
`VI.  PAYMENT OF FEES ....................................................................................112 
`VII. MANDATORY NOTICES UNDER 37 C.F.R § 42.8(a)(1) .........................112 
`
`
`
`ii
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`

`

`Attorney Docket No. 50095-0041IP1
`IPR of U.S. Patent No. 6,059,576
`
`A.  Real Party-In-Interest Under 37 C.F.R. § 42.8(b)(1) ................................112 
`B.  Related Matters Under 37 C.F.R. § 42.8(b)(2) .........................................112 
`C.  Lead And Back-Up Counsel Under 37 C.F.R. § 42.8(b)(3) .....................113 
`D.  Service Information ...................................................................................113 
`
`
`
`iii
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`

`

`
`
`APPLE-1001
`
`APPLE-1002
`
`APPLE-1003
`
`APPLE-1004
`
`
`APPLE-1005
`
`APPLE-1006
`
`
`APPLE-1007
`
`Attorney Docket No. 50095-0041IP1
`IPR of U.S. Patent No. 6,059,576
`
`EXHIBITS
`
`U.S. Patent No. 6,059,576 to Brann. (“the ’576 Patent”)
`
`Prosecution History of the ’576 Patent (“the Prosecution
`History”)
`
`[RESERVED]
`
`Complaint, Logantree LP, v. Apple, Inc., 6:21-cv-00397, W.D.
`Tex., Apr. 23, 2021
`
`Stipulation by Petitioner
`
`Ex Parte Reexamination Certificate of U.S. Patent No.
`6,059,576
`
`Excerpts from Ex Parte Reexamination No. 90/013,201
`Prosecution History
`
`[RESERVED]
`
`U.S. Patent No. 5,778,882 (“Raymond”)
`
`U.S. Patent No. 5,573,013 (“Conlan”)
`
`[RESERVED]
`
`[RESERVED]
`
`[RESERVED]
`
`U.S. Patent No. 5,803,740 (“Gesink”)
`
`[RESERVED]
`
`Scheduling Order, Logantree LP, v. Apple, Inc., 6:21-cv-00397,
`W.D. Tex., Aug. 13, 2021
`
`
`APPLE-1008
`
`APPLE-1009
`
`APPLE-1010
`
`APPLE-1011
`
`APPLE-1012
`
`APPLE-1013
`
`APPLE-1014
`
`APPLE-1015-1023
`
`APPLE-1024
`
`
`
`
`
`iv
`
`

`

`
`APPLE-1026-1028
`
`APPLE-1029
`
`Attorney Docket No. 50095-0041IP1
`IPR of U.S. Patent No. 6,059,576
`
`“2021 Discretionary Denials Have Passed 100, But Are
`Slowing,” Dani Krass, Law360, July 21, 2021
`
`[RESERVED]
`
`“Leahy And Cornyn Introduce Bipartisan Bill To Support
`American Innovation And Reduce Litigation”, Sep. 29, 2021,
`available at: https://www.leahy.senate.gov/press/leahy-and-
`cornyn-introduce-bipartisan-bill-to-support-american-
`innovation-and-reduce-litigation
`
`Restoring the America Invents Act, S. 2891, 117th
`Cong. (2021).
`
`Complaint, Logantree LP, v. Fitbit Inc., 2:15-cv-01575, E.D.
`Tex., Oct. 2, 2015
`
`Complaint, Logantree LP, v. Garmin International, Inc., 5:17-
`cv-00098, W.D. Tex., Feb. 10, 2017
`
`Complaint, Logantree LP, v. Garmin International, Inc., 6:17-
`cv-01217, D. Kan., Aug. 23, 2017
`
`Complaint, Logantree LP, v. Omron Healthcare, Inc., 1:18-cv-
`01617, D. Del., Oct. 18, 2018
`
`Complaint, Logantree LP, v. Misfit, Inc., 1:21-cv-00385, D.
`Del., Mar. 16, 2021
`
`Complaint, Logantree LP, v. Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd,
`6:21-cv-00119, E.D. Tex., Mar. 25, 2021
`
`
`APPLE-1025
`
`
`
`APPLE-1030
`
`
`APPLE-1031
`
`
`APPLE-1032
`
`
`APPLE-1033
`
`
`APPLE-1034
`
`
`APPLE-1035
`
`
`APPLE-1036
`
`
`APPLE-1037
`
`Complaint, Logantree LP, v. LG Electronics, Inc., 4:21-cv-
`00332, E.D. Tex., Apr. 27, 2021
`
`
`APPLE-1038-1099
`
`APPLE-1100
`
`APPLE-1101
`
`[RESERVED]
`
`Declaration and Curriculum Vitae of Dr. Thomas Kenny
`
`U.S. Patent No. 4,962,469 (“Ono”)
`
`
`
`v
`
`

`

`
`
`APPLE-1102
`
`APPLE-1103
`
`APPLE-1104
`
`APPLE-1105
`
`APPLE-1106
`
`APPLE-1107
`
`APPLE-1108
`
`APPLE-1109
`
`APPLE-1110
`
`APPLE-1111
`
`APPLE-1112
`
`APPLE-1113
`
`
`
`
`
`Attorney Docket No. 50095-0041IP1
`IPR of U.S. Patent No. 6,059,576
`
`U.S. Patent No. 5,899,963 (“Hutchings”)
`
`U.S. Patent No. 5,941,837 (“Amano”)
`
`U.S. Patent No. 6,059,692 (“Hickman”)
`
`U.S. Patent No. 5,857,939 (“Kaufman”)
`
`U.S. Patent No. 5,808,903 (“Schiltz”)
`
`U.S. Patent No. 5,976,083 (“Richardson”)
`
`U.S. Patent No. 5,553,007 (“Brisson”)
`
`U.S. Patent No. 5,916,181 (“Socci”)
`
`U.S. Patent No. 5,593,431 (“Sheldon”)
`
`U.S. Patent No. 5,511,045 (“Sasaki”)
`
`U.S. Patent No. 4,387,437 (“Lowrey”)
`
`Warwick, “Trends and Limits in the ‘Talk Time’ of Personal
`Communicators,” Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol. 83, No. 4
`(April 1995)
`
`
`
`
`
`vi
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`

`

`Attorney Docket No. 50095-0041IP1
`IPR of U.S. Patent No. 6,059,576
`
`LISTING OF CHALLENGED CLAIMS
`
`A portable, self-contained device for monitoring movement of body
`parts during physical activity, said device comprising:
`
`a movement sensor capable of measuring data associated with
`unrestrained movement in any direction and generating signals
`indicative of said movement;
`
`a power source;
`
`a microprocessor connected to said movement sensor and to said
`power source,
`
`said microprocessor capable of receiving, interpreting, storing and
`responding to said movement data based on user-defined operational
`parameters,
`
`detecting a first user-defined event based on the movement data and at
`least one of the user-defined operational parameters regarding the
`movement data, and
`
`storing first event information related to the detected first user-defined
`event along with first time stamp information reflecting a time at
`which the movement data causing the first user-defined event
`occurred;
`
`at least one user input connected to said microprocessor for controlling
`the operation of said device;
`
`a real-time clock connected to said microprocessor;
`
`memory for storing said movement data; and
`
`an output indicator connected to said microprocessor for signaling the
`occurrence of user-defined events;
`
`wherein said movement sensor measures the angle and velocity of said
`movement.
`
`vii
`
`Claim 1
`[1pre]
`
`[1a]
`
`[1b]
`
`[1c]
`
`[1d]
`
`[1e]
`
`[1f]
`
`[1g]
`
`[1h]
`
`[1i]
`
`[1j]
`
`[1k]
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`

`

`
`
`Claim 2
`[2]
`
`Claim 3
`[3]
`
`Claim 4
`[4]
`
`Claim 5
`[5]
`
`Claim 8
`[8]
`
`Attorney Docket No. 50095-0041IP1
`IPR of U.S. Patent No. 6,059,576
`
`The device of claim 1 further comprising at least one input/output port
`connected to said microprocessor for downloading said data and
`uploading said operational parameters to and from a computer.
`
`The device of claim 1 wherein said device is compact and weighs less
`than one pound.
`
`The device of claim 1 wherein said movement sensor comprises at
`least one accelerometer.
`
`The device of claim 1 wherein said movement sensor can
`simultaneously detect real time movement along at least two
`orthogonal axes.
`
`The device of claim 1 wherein said data measured by said movement
`sensor includes the distance of said movement.
`
`The device of claim 1 wherein said output indicator is visual.
`
`Claim 9
`[9]
`Claim 10
`[10]
`Claim 11
`[11]
`Claim 20
`[20pre] A method to monitor physical movement of a body part comprising
`the steps of:
`
`The device of claim 1 wherein said output indicator is audible.
`
`The device of claim 1 wherein said output indicator is tactile.
`
`
`
`viii
`
`

`

`
`
`[20a]
`
`[20b]
`
`[20c]
`
`[20d]
`
`[20e]
`
`[20f]
`
`Claim 25
`[25]
`
`Claim 30
`[30]
`
`Claim 31
`[31]
`
`Attorney Docket No. 50095-0041IP1
`IPR of U.S. Patent No. 6,059,576
`
`attaching a portable, self-contained movement measuring device to
`said body part for measuring unrestrained movement in any direction;
`
`measuring data associated with said physical movement;
`
`interpreting, using a microprocessor included in the portable, self-
`contained movement measuring device, said physical movement data
`based on user-defined operational parameters and a real-time clock;
`
`storing said data in memory;
`
`detecting, using the microprocessor, a first user-defined event based
`on the movement data and at least one of the user-defined operational
`parameters regarding the movement data, and
`
`storing, in said memory, first event information related to the detected
`first user-defined event along with first time stamp information
`reflecting a time at which the movement data causing the first user-
`defined event occurred.
`
`The method of claim 20 wherein said movement measuring device is
`an accelerometer.
`
`The device of claim 1, wherein said microprocessor is configured to
`store, in said memory, date information associated with the first time
`stamp information.
`
`The device of claim 1, wherein said microprocessor is configured to
`retrieve said first time stamp information from said real-time clock and
`associate the retrieved first time stamp information with said first user-
`defined event.
`
`
`
`
`
`ix
`
`

`

`
`
`Claim 32
`[32]
`
`Claim 36
`[36]
`
`Claim 39
`[39]
`
`Claim 40
`[40]
`
`Claim 41
`[41]
`
`Claim 42
`[42]
`
`Claim 45
`[45]
`
`Attorney Docket No. 50095-0041IP1
`IPR of U.S. Patent No. 6,059,576
`
`The device of claim 31, wherein said microprocessor is configured to
`retrieve said first time stamp information from said real-time clock
`based on the detection of the user-defined event.
`
`The device of claim 1, wherein said output indicator is configured to
`display information signaling the occurrence of the first user-defined
`event based on the detection of the first user-defined event.
`
`The device of claim 1, wherein said at least one of the user-defined
`operational parameters is a predetermined threshold, and said first
`user-defined event occurs when the movement data reaches the
`predetermined threshold.
`
`The device of claim 39, wherein said output indicator is configured to
`display information signaling the occurrence of the first user-defined
`event when the movement data reaches the predetermined threshold.
`
`The device of claim 39, wherein said memory is configured to store
`said first event information indicating that the predetermined threshold
`is met.
`
`The device of claim 41, wherein said memory is configured to store
`the first time stamp information in association with said first event
`information.
`
`The device of claim 1, wherein said movement data stored in the
`memory is configured to be downloaded to a computer.
`
`
`
`x
`
`

`

`
`
`Claim 46
`[46]
`
`Claim 47
`[47]
`
`Claim 48
`[48]
`
`Claim 49
`[49]
`
`Claim 50
`[50]
`
`Claim 51
`[51]
`
`Claim 61
`[61]
`
`Claim 62
`[62]
`
`Attorney Docket No. 50095-0041IP1
`IPR of U.S. Patent No. 6,059,576
`
`The device of claim 45, further comprising: software configured to
`communicate with external software, wherein the external software is
`configured to present the downloaded movement data to the user.
`
`The device of claim 46, wherein said external software is configured
`to run on the computer.
`
`The device of claim 47, wherein said downloaded movement data is
`configured to be analyzed by said user via said external software.
`
`The device of claim 46, wherein said external software is configured
`to interpret said movement data and produce at least one report.
`
`The device of claim 46, wherein said external software is configured
`to interpret said movement data and produce at least one history
`report.
`
`The device of claim 50, wherein said at least one history report
`includes dates and times of said movement data.
`
`The device of claim 39, wherein said microprocessor is configured to
`detect occurrence of the first user-defined event by comparing said
`movement data to said predetermined threshold.
`
`The device of claim 1, wherein said device is configured to be placed
`on said user's arm to monitor and record said movement data.
`
`
`
`xi
`
`

`

`
`
`Claim 63
`[63]
`
`Claim 64
`[64]
`
`Attorney Docket No. 50095-0041IP1
`IPR of U.S. Patent No. 6,059,576
`
`The device of claim 62, wherein said movement sensor is configured
`to measure movement of said user's arm.
`
`The device of claim 1, wherein said movement sensor is configured to
`measure a walking distance.
`
`Claim 65
`[65]
`
`The device of claim 64, wherein said device is configured to be
`wearable by the user, and said movement sensor is configured to
`measure said walking distance of said user.
`Claim 144
`[144]
`The device of claim 1, wherein said first user-defined event is a
`predetermined type of movement.
`Claim 147
`[147]
`The device of claim 144, wherein the predetermined type of
`movement is no movement for a predetermined amount of time.
`
`
`
`
`
`xii
`
`

`

`Attorney Docket No. 50095-0041IP1
`IPR of U.S. Patent No. 6,059,576
`
`Apple Inc. (“Petitioner”) petitions for Inter Partes Review of 1-5, 8-11, 20,
`
`
`
`25, 30-32, 36, 39-42, 45-51, 61-65, 144, and 147 (“the Challenged Claims”) of
`
`U.S. Patent No. 6,059,576 (“the ’576 Patent”).
`
`I.
`
`REQUIREMENTS FOR IPR UNDER 37 C.F.R. § 42.104
`A. Grounds for Standing
`Petitioner certifies that the ’576 Patent is available for IPR. Petitioner is not
`
`barred or estopped from requesting review. Petitioner was served with a complaint
`
`of infringement of the ’576 Patent less than one year prior to the filing of this
`
`Petition. APPLE-1004.
`
`B. Challenge and Relief Requested
`Petitioner requests IPR of the Challenged Claims on the grounds listed
`
`below. A declaration from Dr. Kenny (APPLE-1100) supports this Petition.
`
`Ground
`
`Claims
`
`35 U.S.C. §103 Combination
`
`1
`
`2
`
`3A
`
`3B
`
`Ono and Hutchings
`
`Ono, Hutchings, and Amano
`
`Ono, Hutchings, and Conlan
`
`1, 3-5, 8, 10, 20, 25,
`30, 39, 41, 42, 61-65
`
`1, 3-5, 8-11, 20, 25,
`30, 36, 39-42, 61-65
`
`1-5, 8, 10, 20, 25, 30,
`31, 39, 41, 42, 45-47,
`49, 61-65
`
`48, 50, 51
`
`Ono, Hutchings, Conlan, and Hickman
`
`
`
`13
`
`

`

`Attorney Docket No. 50095-0041IP1
`IPR of U.S. Patent No. 6,059,576
`
`Ground
`
`Claims
`
`35 U.S.C. §103 Combination
`
`4
`
`5A
`
`5B
`
`6A
`
`6B
`
`7
`
`8A
`
`8B
`
`1, 3-5, 8, 10, 20, 25,
`30, 39, 41, 42, 61-65,
`144, 147
`
`1-5, 8-11, 20, 25, 30-
`32, 36, 39-42, 45-47,
`49, 61-65, 144, 147
`
`48, 50, 51
`
`1-5, 8-11, 20, 25, 30,
`31, 36, 39-42, 45-47,
`49, 61-65
`
`48, 50, 51
`
`1, 3-5, 8-11, 20, 25,
`30, 36, 39-42, 61-65,
`144, 147
`
`1-5, 8, 10, 20, 25, 30,
`31, 39, 41, 42, 45-47,
`49, 61-65, 144, 147
`
`48, 50, 51
`
`Ono, Hutchings, and Kaufman
`
`Ono, Hutchings, Amano, Conlan, and
`Kaufman
`
`Ono, Hutchings, Amano, Conlan,
`Kaufman, and Hickman
`
`Ono, Hutchings, Amano, and Conlan
`
`Ono, Hutchings, Amano, Conlan, and
`Hickman
`
`Ono, Hutchings, Amano, and Kaufman
`
`Ono, Hutchings, Conlan, and Kaufman
`
`Ono, Hutchings, Conlan, Kaufman, and
`Hickman
`
`As shown below, each reference predates the ’576 Patent’s filing date
`
`14
`
`
`
`
`
`

`

`
`(11/21/1997).
`
`Attorney Docket No. 50095-0041IP1
`IPR of U.S. Patent No. 6,059,576
`
`Reference
`
`Filing Date
`
`Issue Date
`
`Ono
`
`Hutchings
`Conlan
`
`
`Amano
`
`Hickman
`
`Kaufman
`
`
`
`
`
`
`4/14/1989
`
`6/17/1997
`6/7/1995
`
`
`12/18/1996
`12/13/1996
`
`6/5/1997
`
`10/9/1990
`
`5/4/1999
`
`11/12/1996
`
`8/24/1999
`
`5/9/2000
`
`1/12/1999
`
`Prior Art
`Under
`
`102(b)
`
`102(e)
`
`102(b)
`
`102(e)
`
`102(e)
`
`102(e)
`
`C. Level of Ordinary Skill in the Art
`A person of ordinary skill in the art at the time of the ’576 Patent (a
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`“POSITA”) would have had a Bachelor of Science degree in an academic
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`discipline emphasizing the design of electrical, computer, or software technologies,
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`in combination with training or at least one to two years of related work experience
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`with capture and processing of data or information, including but not limited to
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`physical activity monitoring technologies. Alternatively, the person could have
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`also had a Master of Science degree in a relevant academic discipline with less
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`than a year of related work experience in the same discipline. APPLE-1100, ¶22.
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`Attorney Docket No. 50095-0041IP1
`IPR of U.S. Patent No. 6,059,576
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`D. Claim Construction
`Petitioner construes a “movement sensor,” as noted below in Section II.B.
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`II. THE ’576 PATENT
`A. Brief Description
`The ’576 Patent describes a “self-contained movement measuring device 12”
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`with a “movement sensor 13,” shown below in FIGS. 2B and 2C. APPLE-1001,
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`3:32-50; APPLE-1100, ¶¶43-47.
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`APPLE-1001, FIGS. 2B, 2C1
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`The movement sensor, which is connected to a microprocessor 32, measures
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`angle, speed, angular velocity, and distance. APPLE-1001, 4:38-55, 2:40-41. The
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`microprocessor receives and analyzes movement data, and responds based on
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`“user-programmable configuration information” such as “an event threshold.” Id.,
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`4:40-65, 5:67-6:9. For example, the device may notify the user when a threshold
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`has been exceeded. Id., 4:4-25; APPLE-1100, ¶¶45-46.
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`B. Construction of “movement sensor”
`The ’576 Patent describes several implementations of a movement sensor.
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`APPLE-1001, 4:35-48. In some implementations, the movement sensor is an
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`accelerometer capable of detecting velocity and angles of movement in multiple
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`planes. Id. In some implementations, a movement sensor includes “multiple
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`accelerometers, each capable of measuring angles of movement in only one plane.”
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`Id. Consistent with both implementations, claim 170 recites “wherein said
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`movement sensor comprises at least one accelerometer.” APPLE-1001, 11:19-21.
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`In view of the intrinsic description of “a movement sensor,” a POSITA would have
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`understood that “a movement sensor” encompasses one or more sensors capable
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`1 Annotations to the figures throughout this petition are shown in color.
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`of detecting movement and measuring movement data associated with the
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`Attorney Docket No. 50095-0041IP1
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`detected movement. APPLE-1100, ¶52. The movement data may include rotation
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`rate, angle, velocity, and/or distance measurements. Id.
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`The ’576 prosecution history supports this construction. APPLE-1100,
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`¶¶49-51, 53. During reexamination, Patent Owner argued that a plurality of
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`sensors in a prior art reference together disclose the “movement sensor” in the
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`claims. APPLE-1007, 491-99. The Examiner agreed. APPLE-1007, 248, 250-51.
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`Accordingly, Petitioner’s construction is supported by intrinsic evidence, the
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`prosecution history, the Patent Owner’s remarks, and the Examiner.
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`
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`III. THE CHALLENGED CLAIMS ARE UNPATENTABLE
`A. GROUND 1—Ono and Hutchings Render Claims 1, 3-5, 8, 10, 20,
`25, 30, 39, 41, 42, and 61-65 Obvious
` Ono2
`Ono describes “an exercise measuring instrument” that measures “walking,
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`jogging, running, and the like...utilizing an acceleration sensor.” APPLE-1101,
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`1:5-10; APPLE-1100, ¶¶54-57. For example, as shown in FIG. 1, Ono’s
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`2 General descriptions provided for the references and combinations discussed in
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`Section III are incorporated into each subsection addressing/applying those
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`references, as are the discussions of combinations.
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`measuring instrument is “an electronic wrist watch to which a pedometer is
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`installed.” APPLE-1101, 2:30-32, 3:10-11, FIG. 1.
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`Ono, FIG. 1
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`As shown in FIG. 14 (a block diagram), Ono’s device includes a “key-input
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`section 51 compris[ing] switches S1 to S6.” APPLE-1101, 2:59-60, 13:18-27.
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`Ono, FIG. 14
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`
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`Ono’s switches allow a user to select one of five display modes, including
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`data-setting and step-counting modes, and to select one of three exercising modes,
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`including walking, exercise-walking, and jogging modes. APPLE-1101, 13:34-57,
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`16:18-17:23, 18:14-19:67, FIGS. 20-21. In the data-setting mode, the switches
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`also allow the user to define a stride-length for each of the three exercising modes,
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`as well as sex, age, weight, and target numbers. APPLE-1101, 13:40-42, 13:55-61,
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`18:28-19:17, 20:8-15, FIGS. 20-21.
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`As shown in FIG. 15, the modes set by the user and other data are stored in
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`registers of random access memory RAM 101. APPLE-1101, 13:30-63, FIG. 15.
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`Ono, FIG. 15
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`
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`When Ono’s device is in the step-counting mode, a “control section 49
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`compris[ing] a CPU” calculates the number of steps, number of steps per minute,
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`mean walking speed, and distance-walked based on the acceleration sensor signal
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`and the user-defined stride-length data. APPLE-1101, 8:60-9:12, 12:17-35, 14:44-
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`45, 15:10-13, 15:33-46, 15:61-66, 17:26-34. If, for example, the processor
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`determines that “the distance-walked has reached the target distance,” the
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`processor outputs a signal for generating an alarm. APPLE-1101, 13:23-25, 15:26-
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`28, 16:2-4, FIG. 18.
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` Hutchings
`Hutchings describes “a device for measuring the performance of a runner
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`utiliz[ing] accelerometers and rotational sensors....” APPLE-1102, 3:5-8; APPLE-
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`1100, ¶¶58-61. For example, Hutchings’ FIG. 7 shows “a measuring system 10”
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`located at the wrist of the user. APPLE-1102, 3:32-44, 4:7-26, 10:43-51, FIGS. 7-
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`9.
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`Hutchings, FIG. 7
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`
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` Hutchings’ system includes linear accelerometers to measure accelerations
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`in three dimensions, rotational sensors to provide the angle of rotation along each
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`axis of a translational coordinate, and a microprocessor to measure distance
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`traveled during each cycle. APPLE-1102, 4:21-32, 4:55-65, 5:3-16, 8:44-9:17,
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`9:48-10:42, FIGS. 6-7. FIG. 6 shows a block diagram of Hutchings’ device.
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`APPLE-1102, 4:4-6.
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`Hutchings, FIG. 6
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`
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`Hutchings’ analog processor 52 determines components of motion and
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`angle, and measures instantaneous acceleration; microprocessor 56 measures
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`distance traversed during each cycle by integrating acceleration signals. APPLE-
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`1102, 7:5-65, 8:61-64, 9:1-17, 9:62-67, 10:43-12:37. Microprocessor 64 maintains
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`running elapsed time, calculates distance traversed, and calculates instantaneous
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`and average speed of the user. APPLE-1102, 10:10-14. These values may be
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`“displayed on display 68,” and may also be stored in non-volatile memory.
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`APPLE-1102, 10:14-18.
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`Hutchings explains that “many modifications and variations” are possible,
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`such as “all electronic components [being] disposed” at the same location of a
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`user’s body. APPLE-1102, 9:10-12, 10:31-42. The functions performed by
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`processors 52, 56, and 64 may also be combined “into one…microprocessor.”
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`APPLE-1102, 9:10-12, 10:37-42.
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` Ono-Hutchings Combination
`As Dr. Kenny explains, a POSITA would have found it obvious to
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`implement Ono’s device, as suggested by Hutchings, with accelerometers to
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`measure accelerations in three dimensions, rotational sensors to provide the angle
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`of rotation along each axis of the translational coordinate, and a microprocessor to
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`calculate distance traveled during each cycle. APPLE-1102, 4:21-32, 4:55-65, 5:3-
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`16, 8:44-9:17, 9:48-12:37, FIGS. 6-7; APPLE-1100, ¶¶62-65. Further, as
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`suggested by Hutchings, a POSITA would have found it obvious to implement
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`Ono’s control section 49 using a microprocessor that performs the functions of
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`Ono’s control section 49 and Hutchings’ microprocessor 64. APPLE-1102, 10:10-
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`14, 10:31-37; APPLE-1100, ¶¶62-65.
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`The below diagram shows Ono’s device modified to include Hutchings’
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`measuring system and a microprocessor as control section 49. Id.
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`microprocessor
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`Ono’s FIG. 14 device modified in view of Hutchings
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`A POSITA would have been motivated to use Hutchings’ measuring system
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`
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`to, for example, leverage Hutchings’ stated benefits of providing “accurate
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`measurements” of speed and distance traversed without manually setting stride
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`lengths for different exercise modes. APPLE-1102, 2:15-31, 2:45-61, 1:60-64,
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`3:32-44, 4:7-26, 10:43-51, FIGS. 7-9; APPLE-1101, 13:40-42, 18:28-19:6;
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`APPLE-1100, ¶63.
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`The POSITA would have also been motivated to use Hutchings’ measuring
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`
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`system for the benefit of providing the user with different options for obtaining
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`measurements of speed and distance based on the user’s desire for improved
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`accuracy and battery conservation. Id.; APPLE-1100, ¶64. For example, a
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`POSITA would have found it obvious to turn off Hutchings’ measuring system
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`using a mode select switch to conserve battery when Hutchings’ measuring system
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`is not being used. APPLE-1102, 9:48-10:18; APPLE-1100, ¶64 (citing APPLE-
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`1106, 8:12-18; APPLE-1014, 7:40-44, 9:46-49, 16:10-15; APPLE-1010, 4:20-25).
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`In this way, the user is advantageously provided the option to select between more
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`accurate distance/speed/velocity measurements using Hutchings’ measuring
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`system, at the expense of higher battery consumption, or less accurate
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`distance/speed/velocity measurements using Ono’s calculations for the benefit of
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`lower battery consumption. APPLE-1100, ¶64.
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`Moreover, a POSITA would have viewed the implementation of Hutchings’
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`suggested measuring system in Ono’s device as merely the predictable result (e.g.,
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`a pedometer including accelerometers, rotational sensors, and microprocessors) of
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`combining known prior elements according to known methods, and would have
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`expected success in enhancing Ono’s device in this way. APPLE-1100, ¶65. The
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`respective teachings would work together in combination just as they did apart,
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`with Hutchings’ suggestions merely improving/adding to Ono’s device. Id.
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`Attorney Docket No. 50095-0041IP1
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`Analysis
`a)
`Claim 1
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`Element [1pre]
`To the extent the preamble is limiting, Ono describes a portable, self-
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`contained device that monitors movement of body parts during physical activities
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`including “walking, jogging, running, and the like….” APPLE-1101, 1:5-10. FIG.
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`1 shows an exploded view of Ono’s device: a “compact” “electronic wrist watch”
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`that includes a pedometer and battery, and that is “worn on a body of an
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`exerciser….” APPLE-1101, 2:30-32, 3:10-26, 2:1-4, 2:22-32, 3:24-26, FIG. 1;
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`APPLE-1100, ¶66.
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`Ono, FIG. 1
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`Attorney Docket No. 50095-0041IP1
`IPR of U.S. Patent No. 6,059,576
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`Element [1a]
`Ono describes “an acceleration sensor...for outputting a waveform signal
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`representative of an acceleration...in response to movements of [an] exerciser.”
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`AP