ELECTRONIC :71Til
`
`TECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS• PRODUCTS • SOLUTIONS
`TECHNOLOGY· APPLICATIONS · PRODUCTS · SOLUTIONS
`A PENTON PUBLICATION $10.00
`A PENTO N PUBLICATION $10.00
`DECEMBER 1, 1997
`DECEMBER 1, 199/
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`CNS/DOCSIS MAC Clears Path For Cable-Modem Invasion p. 69
`MCNS/DOCSIS MAC Clears Path For Cable -Modem Invasion p. 69
`An nual IEDM Conference Examines Leading-Edge Device Developments p. 39
`Annual IEDM Conference Examines Leading -Edge Device Developments p. 39
`At IEDM: Memory, Logic Power Devices, EDA, Sensors, And Displays p. 40
`At IEDM: Memory, Logic Power Devices, EDA, Sensors, And Displays p. 40
`Line-Driver Design For Broadband Communications Applications p. 81
`Line-Driver Design For Broadband Communications Applications p. 81
`Parasitic Extraction Tools Aid DSM IC Designs p.97
`Parasitic Extraction Tools Aid DSM IC Designs p.97
`Harness The Power Of The ACPI/Smart Battery Standard p. 113
`Harness The Power Of The ACPI/Smart Battery Standard p. 113
`Pick The Perfect Chassis To Ensure System Longevity p. 127
`Pick The Perfect Chassis To Ensure System Longevity p. 127
`
`TCL, Hisense & ZyXel Ex. 1007
`Page 1
`
`i
`ii
`

`

`If you're charged with designing low-power applications,
`If you're charged with designing low-power applications,
`a
`t9
`this little core is a mighty big friend. Motorola's new M•CO ~
`this little core is a mighty big friend. Motorola's new NI..U)
`(cid:0)~(cid:0)
`0
`(cid:0)~(cid:0)
`microRISC engine reduces costs, lengthens battery life and gives you (cid:0)~(cid:0)
`microRISC engine reduces costs, lengthens battery life and OVeOrou `=-1
`
`performance for the future. A combination of brains and brawn.
`performance for the future. A combination of brains and brawn.
`
`A 48MIPS/50MHz RISC core design with I/O intelligence
`A 48MIPS/50MHz RISC core design with 1/0 intelligence
`
`and interrupt performance built in. Plus, its development
`and interrupt performance built in. Plus, its development
`
`tool chains are fully complete and validated to interoperate,
`tool chains are fully complete and validated to interoperate,
`
`greatly reducing design time. In other words, it's ready to fly!
`greatly reducing design time. In other words, it's ready to fly!
`
`To find out how Motorola can help you save the day,
`To find out how Motorola can help you save the day,
`
`direct your mouse to www.motorola.com/mcore
`direct your mouse to www.motorola.com/mcore
`
`or call 800.521.6274.
`or call 800.521.6274.
`
`@MOTOROLA
`MOTOROLA
`Semiconductor Products Sector
`Semiconductor Products Sector
`
`What you never thought possible
`
`<I> 1997 MOTOROLA , INC. AU RIGHTS RESERVED. MOTOROLA ANO " ARE REGISTERED TRADEMARKS
`®1991 MOTOROLA, INC ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. MOTOROLA AND 8 ARE REGISTERED TRADEMARKS
`ANO THE M•CORE NAME ANO LOGO ARETAAOEMARKS Of MOTOROLA, INC. MIGHTY MOUSE, TM & II) 1997 VIACOM INrL INC
`AND THE M.DORE NAME AND LOGO ARE TRAOEMARKS OF MOTOROLA INC MIGHTY MOUSE, TM & C 147 VIACOM INTL INC.
`
`TCL, Hisense & ZyXel Ex. 1007
`Page 2
`
`What you never thought possible:"
`

`

`ELECTRONIC DESIGN
`ELECTRONIC DESIGN
`
`TECHNOLOGY• APPLICATIONS • PRODUCTS• SOLUTIONS
`TECHNOLOGY. APPLICATIONS. PRODUCTS. SOLUTIONS
`December 1, 1997 Volume 45, Number 27
`
`EDITORIAL OVERVIEW
`EDITORIAL OVERVIEW
`
`1'.
`! ·
`I 1[1
`(cid:0)~(cid:0)
`
`(cid:0)~(cid:0) --i) .-
`
`114
`is
`
`INA
`
`MAC Clears Path For Cable-Modem Invasion 69
`• MCNS/DOCSIS MAC Clears Path For Cable -Modem Invasion 69
`%  (cid:0)M(cid:0)C(cid:0)N(cid:0)S(cid:0)/(cid:0)D(cid:0)O(cid:0)C(cid:0)S(cid:0)I(cid:0)S(cid:0)
`
`% (cid:0) Annual IEDM Conference Examines Leading-Edge Device Developments 39
`IN Annual IEDM Conference Examines Leading -Edge Device Developments 39
`% (cid:0) At IEDM: Memory, Logic Power Devices, EDA, Sensors, And Displays 40
`• At IEDM: Memory, Logic Power Devices, EDA, Sensors, And Displays 40
`% (cid:0) Line-Driver Design For Broadband Communications Applications 81
`II Line-Driver Design For Broadband Communications Applications 81
`% (cid:0) Parasitic Extraction Tools Aid DSM IC Designs 97
`III Parasitic Extraction Tools Aid DSM IC Designs 97
`% (cid:0) Harness The Power Of The ACPI/Smart-Battery Standard 113
`II Harness The Power Of The ACPI/Smart-Battery Standard 113
`% (cid:0) Pick The Perfect Chassis To Ensure System Longevity 127
`III Pick The Perfect Chassis To Ensure System Longevity 127
`
`DEPARTMENTS
`DEPARTMENTS
`
`Upcoming Meetings ... 12,
`Upcoming Meetings ...12,
`. ...... . 16, 18, 54
`
`16, 18, 54
`
`Editorial ............ 22
`Editorial
`22
`• Tiny Engines Fuel A Revolution
`• Tiny Engines Fuel A
`Revolution
`
`Technology Briefing .... 24
`Technology Briefing ....24
`• Consumer Electronics' Potential
`• Consumer Electronics'
`Potential
`
`Technology
`Technology
`Newsletter ..... . 27, 30
`Newsletter
`
`27, 30
`
`Technology
`Technology
`Breakthrough ........ 33
`
`Breakthrough
`33
`• 35-GHz 0.5-W GaAs
`pHE MT points the way
`toward low-cost volume
`production of MOCVD
`MMICs
`• 0.1-mm electrostatic
`microrelays switch at up
`to 100 GHz
`• Development of blue
`phosphor spawns full-
`color EL displays
`
`• 35-GHz 0.5-W GaAs pHE MT points the way toward low-cost volume production of MOCVD MMICs
`• 0.1-mm electrostatic microrelays switch at up to100GHz
`• Development of blue phosphor spawns full­color EL displays
`
`Info Page ........... 10
`
`Info Page
`10
`(how to find us)
`
`TECH INSIGHTS
`TECH INSIGHTS
`TECH INSIGHTS
`TECH INSIGHTS
`I
`50 IEDM Focuses On Advanced Device Models
`39 Annual IEDM Conference Examines Leading-Edge
`50 IEDM Focuses On Advanced Device Models
`39 Annual IEDM Conference Examines Leading -Edge
`Device Developments
`Index of Advertisers .. 184
`Device Developments
`Index of Advertisers ..184
`• Models offer new hope in tackling deep-
`• Hear about the latest in memory and logic
`submicron issues dealing with process
`Reader
`Reader
`
`ICs, compound semiconductor devices, accuracy and interconnect.
`Service Card .... 184A-D
`Service Card ....184A -D
`simulation tools, and sensors and displays.
`
`• Hear about the latest in memory and logic !Cs, compound semiconductor devices, simulation tools, and sensors and displays.
`
`• Models offer new hope in tackling deep­submicron issues dealing with process accuracy and interconnect.
`
`twice monthly except for 3
`is published
`ELECTRONIC DESIGN (ISSN 0013-4872)
`twice monthly except for 3
`is published
`ELECT RONIC DESIGN (ISSN 00 13-4872)
`issues in May, 3 issues
`in October, and 3 issues
`in November by
`in August, 3 issues
`in October and 3 issues
`in November by
`in May, 3 issues
`in August, 3 issues
`issues
`Penton Publishing Inc., 1100 Superior Ave., Cleveland, OH 44114-2543. Paid rates
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`393-0204. Printed in U.S.A. Title registered in U.S. Patent Office.
`in U.S. Patent Office.
`393-0204. Printed in U.SA Title registered
`
`Copyright 1997 by Penton Publishing Inc. All rights reserved. The contents of this
`Inc. All rights reserved. The contents of this
`CoP.yright 1997 by Penton Publishing
`in whole or in part without the consent of the
`publication may not be reproduced
`pubhcation may not be reproduced
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`to ELECTRONIC DESIGN, Penton Publishing Inc., 1100 Superior Ave.,
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`Cleveland, OH 44 1 14-2543 .
`
`60 Sensors And Displays Highlighted At IEDM
`60 Sensors And Displays Highlighted At IEDM
`40 Memory And Logic Structures Are Getting Faster
`40 Memory And Logic Structures Are Getting Faster
`' • Advanced device structures and new technologies are opening the door for emerging display and sensor-based applications.
`• Advanced device structures and new
`And Denser
`And Denser
`technologies are opening the door for emerging
`
`• Designers detail advanced process techniques display and sensor-based applications.
`and finer-dimension design rules at IEDM to
`COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY
`COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY
`build next-generation
`48 Rivalries Between Silicon And Exotic Semiconductors
`69 MCNS/DOCSIS MAC Paves The Way For A
`69 MCNS/DOCSIS MAC Paves The Way For A
`Abound At IEDM
`Cable -Modem Invasion
`Abound At IEDM
`Cable-Modem Invasion -
`•
`t
`COVER
`•
`: • The first standards-compliant chip
`• SiGe and vanilla silicon move into RF and 1_
`
`• The first standards-compliant chip
`: means affordable, interoperable,
`, ,
`
`optical applications as compound semi-
`means affordable, interoperable,
`
`STORY
`: cable modems, with speed and
`conductors stake out their niches.
`cable modems, with speed and
`: security features.
`security features.
`
`• Designers detail advanced process techniques and finer-dimension design rules at IEDM to build next-generation memories and logic.
`
`• SiGe and vanilla silicon move into RF and optical applications as compound semi­conductors stake out their niches.
`
`memories and logic. L 48 Rivalries Between Silicon And Exotic Semiconductors
`
`TCL, Hisense & ZyXel Ex. 1007
`Page 3
`
`V
`December 1, 1997 Volume 45, Number 27
`(how to find us)
`

`

`Highlights and insights from the frontline of the communications revolution
`
`OMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY
`MCNS /DOCSIS MAC Clears A Path For
`VICNS/DOCSIS MAC Clears A Path For
`The Cable-Modem Invasion
`The Cable -Modem Invasion
`
`The First Standards-Compliant Chip Means Affordable, Interoperable,
`The First Standards-Compliant Chip Means Affordable, Interoperable,
`Cable Modems, With Speed And Security Features.
`Cable Modems, With Speed And Security Features.
`Lee Goldberg
`Lee Goldberg
`
`With the introduction of
`V ith the introduction
`
`I
`
`1
`
`the IEEE's 802.14 cable data
`the IEEE's 802.14 cable data
`standards committee, a group
`standards committee, a group
`of large cable interests formed
`
`of large cable interests formed
`the MCNS group. Comprised
`the MCNS group. Comprised
`of heavyweights like Comcast
`of heavyweights like Comcast
`../.1"•. •
`and Time-Warner, MCNS
`and Time-Warner, MCNS
`ne
`'
`1 teamed with the cable indus(cid:173)
`teamed with the cable indus-
`•
`, •
`try's research consortium, Ca(cid:173)
`try's research consortium, Ca-
`ble Labs, Louisville,
`ble Labs, Louisville,
`COVER FEATURE
`Colo., to produce
`Colo., to produce
`their own open standard for
`their own open standard for
`11 moving data between cable
`moving data between cable
`m ..&--U4..lll'iim network headends and sub(cid:173)
`network headends and sub-
`scriber's homes.
`
`scriber's homes.
`
`of
`the BCM3220 multime(cid:173)
`the BCM3220 multime-
`dia cable networking
`dia cable networking
`systems/Data-Over-Cable-Ser(cid:173)
`systems/Data-Over-Cable-Ser-
`vice Interface Specification
`vice Interface Specification
`(MCNS /DOCSIS) compliant
`(MCNS/DOCSIS) compliant
`media-access controller (MAC)
`
`media-access controller (MAC)
`chip, the cable data revolution
`chip, the cable data revolution
`has begun in earnest. By rolling
`has begun hi earnest. By rolling
`out the first integrated imple(cid:173)
`
`out the first integrated imple-
`mentation of the cable industry's
`mentation of the cable industry's
`recently developed DOCSIS,
`recently developed DOCSIS,
`Broadcom Corporation has
`Broadcom Corporation has
`paved the way for the rapid de(cid:173)
`paved the way for the rapid de-
`velopment of inexpensive con(cid:173)
`velopment of inexpensive con-
`Enter DOCSIS
`sumer-oriented cable data appli(cid:173)
`Enter DOCSIS
`sumer-oriented cable data appli-
`·· The first fruit of this alliance is
`ances. This move could provide a
`The first fruit of this alliance is
`ances. This move could provide a
`the DOCSIS specification, de(cid:173)
`critical jum p-start for the
`critical jump-start for the
`
`the DOCSIS specification, de-
`veloped by a group of manufac(cid:173)
`emerging cable data industry. If
`emerging cable data industry. If =
`veloped by a group of manufac-
`turers, under the direction of
`the next year goes according to
`turers, under the direction of
`the next year goes according to
`plan, we may see a device that
`MCNS and Cable Labs. Partic(cid:173)
`MCNS and Cable Labs. Partic-
`plan, we may see a device that
`delive rs multim egabit down-
`,...,,,,,
`ipants in the initial develop(cid:173)
`ipants in the initial develop-
`delivers multimegabit down-
`ment ofDOCSIS included Gen-
`stream Internet access being
`ment of DOCSIS included Gen-
`stream Internet access being
`sold at K-Marts and electronic discount
`surfing began to erode cable's near(cid:173)
`' eral Instruments, LAN City (now a
`
`
`sold at K-Marts and electronic discount surfing began to erode cable's near-
`
`eral Instruments, LAN City (now a
`stores at prices comparable to today's
`lock on passive leisure activities.
`part of Bay Networks), and Broadcom.
`stores at prices comparable to today's
`lock on passive leisure activities.
`part of Bay Networks), and Broadcom.
`This spec outlines the physical layer in(cid:173)
`56-kbit POTS modem s.
`After several ill-fated adventures
`56-kbit POTS modems.
`
`
`This spec outlines the physical layer in-After several ill-fated adventures
`terfaces, MAC and transport proto(cid:173)
`with video-on-demand, interactive
`
`
`MAC and transport proto-with video-on-demand, interactive terfaces,
`cols, security provisions, and other
`The Broadband Wars
`The Broadband Wars
`shopping, and other attempts to dic(cid:173)
`
`cols, security provisions, and other
`shopping, and other attempts to dic-
`tate consumer taste, cable marketeers
`specifications necessary for designing
`The development of DOCSIS and
`The development of DOCSIS and
`necessary for designing
`
`tate consumer taste, cable marketeers specifications
`stumbl ed over the obvious hot applica(cid:173)
`interoperable cable data components .
`the introduction of the BCM3220 mark
`
`
`the introduction of the BCM3220 mark
`stumbled over the obvious hot applica-interoperable cable data components.
`
`Subsequent fine-tunin g was per(cid:173)
`the first hopeful chapter in the trou(cid:173)
`tion, broadband Internet access. Once
`
`the first hopeful chapter in the trou-
`Subsequent fine-tuning was per-
`tion, broadband Internet access. Once
`formed in an open forum hosted by Ca(cid:173)
`bled history of cable media's efforts to
`early trials demonstrated the eco(cid:173)
`bled history of cable media's efforts to
`formed in an open forum hosted by Ca-
`early trials demonstrated the eco-
`ble Labs and attended by most major
`··
`maintain its dominant role in captur(cid:173)
`nomic potential, it became clear that
`ble Labs and attended by most major
`
`
`maintain its dominant role in captur-nomic potential, it became clear that
`players in the cable industry. The re(cid:173)
`ing the hearts, minds, and eyes of the
`the only way to achieve a critical mass
`
`ing the hearts, minds, and eyes of the the only way to achieve a critical mass
`players in the cable industry. The re-
`sult is a standard that meets the needs
`-
`Amer ican consumer. In the early
`of users was to develop a transmission
`
`
`American consumer. In the early of users was to develop a transmission sult is a standard that meets the needs
`of current users and anticipates the de(cid:173)
`nineties, the cable television industry
`standard that would enable the pro(cid:173)
`
`nineties, the cable television industry standard that would enable the pro-
`
`of current users and anticipates the de-
`faced a double threat: While saturated
`mands of future applications.
`duction of mass-produced, inexpen(cid:173)
`mands of future applications.
`
`
`inexpen-faced a double threat: While saturated duction of mass-produced,
`subscriber markets yielded flattening
`DOCSIS is designed to employ one
`sive, interoperable cable modems and
`DOCSIS is designed to employ one
`
`
`cable modems and subscriber markets yielded flattening sive, interoperable
`revenues, satellite television, sophisti(cid:173)
`set-top boxes (Fig.1).
`, or more unused video channels within
`-
`or more unused video channels within
`
`sophisti-set-top boxes (Fig. 1).
`
`revenues, satellite television,
`cated computer games, and Internet
`Frustrated by the slow progress of :
`the 54-to-860-MHz cable broadcast
`the 54-to-860-MHz cable broadcast
`
`cated computer games, and Internet Frustrated by the slow progress of
`
`,
`/J
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`
`TCL, Hisense & ZyXel Ex. 1007
`Page 4
`
`

`

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`mudixjanajaliallnijaalial=
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`:::tlANUAKU:::t·DIUUI \.ADLl:·MUUl:M MAC J
`MAC
`
`Downstrea
`Downstream
`%Ä(cid:0)-(cid:0)~(cid:0)m(cid:0)
`DES
`DES
`
`
`d .decrypt "
`s
`
`CRC
`C
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`Keys
`
`OM mmtkeller
`Down-
`stream
`...., DMA
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`Downslrea
`Downstream processor
`mp~ MAC
`MAC
`FIFO
`header
`pr~~~:::ng
`processing
`
`PHY
`interlace
`
` Clock
`Clock
`Data
`/8
`
`
`
`-
`
`Message processor
`Message
`,. MAC
`MAC
`MAC
`MAC
`header
`.. message
`header
`message
`processing
`processor
`processing
`processor
`(wilh CRC)
`(with CRC)
`
`-- Timing
`
`
`
`.
`
`Timing
`recovery
`recovery
`circuit (TAC)
`circuit (TRC)
`L__.
`L__
`Serial
`Serial
`programming
`• programming
`interlace
`interlace
`(SPI)
`(SPI)
`
`spectrum to transmit IP-based
`spectrum to transmit IP-based
`data across hybrid fiber coax-
`data across hybrid fiber coax-
`ial networks. Complex
`ial networks. Comp lex
`
`phase/amplitude modulation
`phase/amplitude modulation
`
`:;r:!~sc~:~~eT~~:~n~oci:~~ BC~~116 1-::,'_BD.,...at-:-ta ,;-,.LL_i_n:_~v_a~_Je (cid:0)~(cid:0)
`enables each 6-MHz down-
`BCM3116
`stream channel to bring data
`or
`into subscribers' homes at up
`Control
`BCM3118
`
`into subscribers' homes at up
`BCM3118 Control
`to 38 Mbits/s. Depending on
`to 38 Mbits/s. Depending on
`(cid:0)~(cid:0)
`the bit rate selected by the op-
`the bit rate selected by the op-
`erator, the shared downstream
`erator, the shared downstream
`channel uses either 64- or 256-
`channel uses either 64- or 256-
`point quadrature-amplitude
`point quadrature-amplitude
`To
`To
`modulation (QAM). While little
`modulation (QAM). While little
`tuner and
`tuner and
`is known about w hat actual
`is known about what actual
`EEPRDM
`EEPROM
`bandwidth requirements will
`
`bandwidth requirements will
`SPI
`SPI
`be, initial results from fi eld tri(cid:173)
`be, initial results from field tri-
`bus
`has
`als suggests that a single chan(cid:173)
`als suggests that a single chan-
`nel will provide groups of 200
`nel will provide groups of 200
`to 1000 subscribers with Inter(cid:173)
`Reference
`Reference
`
`to 1000 subscribers with Inter-
`clock
`clock
`net access that is substantially
`net access that is substantially
`faster than today's best POTS(cid:173)
`faster than today's best POTS-
`f
`_[
`based services.
`based services.
`(cid:0)~(cid:0)
`0
`For communication from the
`For communication from the
`L
`T_
`home to headend, DO CSIS
`home to headend, DOCSIS
`uses the 5-to-40-Hz sub-split
`uses the 5-to-40-Hz sub-split
`band as a return path. Using
`band as a return path. Using
`2. The BCM3220 MAC chip incorporates all control, stream-processing, and security functions required for a
`2. The BCM3220 MAC chip incorporates all control, stream -processing, and security functions required for a
`QPSK today, or 16-QAM in sub(cid:173)
`QPSK today, or 16-QAM in sub-
`MCNS/DOCSIS-compliant cable modem. A memory-based DMA interface assures efficient data transfers to
`MCNS/D00515-compliant cable modem. A memory -based DMA interface assures efficient data transfers to
`sequent versions, the upstream
`sequent versions, the upstream
`and from the host controller. Both baseline and high-security modes also are supported.
`and from the host controller. Both baseline and high-security modes also are supported.
`channel has a theoretical maxi(cid:173)
`
`channel has a theoretical maxi-
`mum throughput of 10 Mbits/s
`mum throughput of 10 Mbits/s
`businesses which need them.
`feature allows it to accommodate both
`
`feature allows it to accommodate both businesses which need them.
`(see "Broadband To The Home: Chal-
`traditional connectionless Internet
`
`
`
`Internet connectionless lenges On the Last Mile," Electronic traditional
`MPEG Everywhere
`traffic, as well as latency-sensitive
`MPEG Everywhere
`
`traffic, as well as latency-sensitive
`Design, Oct. 2, 1995, pp 67-83)..
`One interesting aspect of DOCSIS
`Since DOCSIS also is intended to
`multimedia streams. Selectable QoS
`multimedia streams. Selectable QoS
`
`One interesting aspect of DOCSIS
`Since DOCSIS also is intended to
`is that it uses MPEG II transport
`support IP-based video, provisions
`also will let cable companies offer
`
`
`support IP-based video, provisions also will let cable companies offer is that it uses MPEG II transport
`streams to move IP data. While not es(cid:173)
`tiered services with various guaran(cid:173)
`have been made to support several
`
`have been made to support several tiered services with various guaran-streams to move IP data. While not es-
`
`levels of quality of service (QoS). This
`teed bit rates and levels of latency to
`sential for today's applications, t he
`
`levels of quality of service (QoS). This teed bit rates and levels of latency to
`
`sential for today's applications, the
`standard's developers were looking
`
`standard's developers were looking
`toward the future. Today, MPEG en(cid:173)
`toward the future. Today, MPEG en-
`capsulation provides DOCSIS with a
`capsulation provides DOCSIS with a
`reliable, well-defined method of set(cid:173)
`
`
`reliable, well-defined method of set-
`ting up multiple channels within a sin(cid:173)
`ting up multiple channels within a sin-
`gle data stream. In the near future,
`gle data stream. In the near future,
`MPEG encapsulation will allow a sin(cid:173)
`will allow a sin-
`MPEG encapsulation
`gle cable modem to support multiple
`gle cable modem to support multiple
`sessions and multiple users, as well as
`sessions and multiple users, as well as
`
`delay-sensitive multimedia streams
`delay-sensitive multimedia streams
`for voice or video over IP.
`for voice or video over IP.
`Using MPEG II transport streams
`Using MPEG II transport streams
`also will allow DOCSIS to interoperate
`also will allow DOCSIS to interoperate
`with the Open Cable standard for digi(cid:173)
`with the Open Cable standard for digi-
`tal cable television that is currently un-
`tal cable television that is currently un-
`der development. Open Cable also em-
`' der development. Open Cable also em(cid:173)
`ploys MPEG II transport streams for
`ploys MPEG II transport streams for
`all of its media flows. This feature
`all of its media flows. This feature
`should greatly simplify traffic switch-
`should greatly simplify traffic switch(cid:173)
`ing and processing within tomorrow's
`ing and processing within tomorrow's
`cable networks
`cable networks
`to
`Although it has some similarities
`Although it has some similarities to
`the carrier-sense multiple-access/colli-
`the carrier-sense multiple-access/colli(cid:173)
`
`sion-detect (CSMA/CD) protocol em-
`sion-detect (CSMA/CD) protocol em-
`
`!
`CPU interlace
`CPU interlace
`
`—
`
`-
`Control
`Control
`I
`,1s
`16
`~1....,t------i--t-+1,t-:D-,-ata--
`Data
`7
`,20
`0
`------i--t-t+--'"-
`/ 2Address
`'Address
`CPU bus
`CPU bus
`
`•
`t
`Management
`Managemenl
`infomation
`infomation
`block (MIB)
`block (MIB)
`
`
`
`Key
`
`m
`U
`Upstream
`nee
`" 9
`
`Bandwidth
`Bandwidth
`allocation
`*location
`map processor
`map posse
`I Map parser
`I
`parser
`Map
`2=, (cid:0)~(cid:0)
`4
`Dual-port
`(cid:0)~(cid:0)~(cid:0)
`'4". controller
`SRAMt_
`I
`BCM3037 ~S~er~ia~I d-at---1a -~~ - - ._ encrypt 7:5
`DES
`~,-----~ DES
`encrypt
`(cid:0)~(cid:0)
`
`BCM3037
`
`Clock
`Clock
`Serial data
`Control
`Control
`
`Upstream control
`Upstream control
`
`(cid:0)-(cid:0)~(cid:0)~(cid:0)
`
`4_,..
`Upstream
`Upstream
`DMA
`hea dy
`header-~
`processor
`Mum
`
`
`
`"(cid:0)- %¡(cid:0)
`CRC
`—
`
`(see "Broadband To The Home: Chal­lenges On the Last Mile," Electronic Design, Oct. 2, 1995, pp 67-83).
`
`Power
`amplifier
`
`5.65 MHz
`
`Gain
`control
`
`Low-pass
`Low-pass
`filter
`filter
`
`BCM3037
`BCM3037
`upstream
`upstream
`QPSK/16-QAM
`QPSK/16-QAM
`modulator
`modulator
`
`Clock
`Clock
`
`Data
`Dat
`
`Coax
`Coax
`connector
`connector
`
`Diplex
`Diplex
`filter
`filter
`
`54-860 MHz
`54-860 MHz
`
`RF
`tuner
`
`SAW
`filter
`
`--AGC
`
`Low-pass
`Low-pass
`filter
`filter
`
`BCM3220
`BCM3220
`MAC
`MAC
`
`Microcontroller
`Microcontroller
`with Ethernet MAC
`with Ethernet MAC
`
`-41----4-1 RAM
`
`-4-4 ROM
`
`Clock
`Clock
`
`Data
`Data
`
`, BCM3116
`BCM31 6
`: QAM receiver
`DAM receiver
`' with FEC
`with FEC
`
`10Base-T
`10Base-T
`transceiver
`transceiver
`
`RJ45
`RJ45
`connector
`connector
`
`1. A DOCSIS-complianl cable modem receives its data over unused 6-MHz video channels within
`1. A DOCSIS-compliant cable modem receives its data over unused 6-MHz video channels within
`the normal cable spectrum. Upstream traffic is carried back to the system headend in the 5-to-
`the normal cable spectrum. Upstream traffic is carried back to the system headend in the 5-to-
`45-MHz sub-split band. To ensure that the modem will operate properly and not interfere with
`45-MHz sub -split band. To ensure that the modem will operate properly and not interfere with
`other units, both the downstream receiver and upstream modulator/transmitter operate under
`other units, both the downstream receiver and upstream modulator/transmitter operate under
`the control of the BCM3220, or other DOCSIS·compatible MAC.
`the control of the BCM3220, or other DOCSIS-compatible MAC.
`
`70
`
`TCL, Hisense & ZyXel Ex. 1007
`Page 5
`
`

`

`%Ä(cid:0)m(cid:0)t(cid:0),(cid:0)n "(cid:0)t(cid:0)i(cid:0)f % (cid:0) STANDARDS - BASED CABLE-MODEM MACJ
`(cid:0)1(cid:0)G "(cid:0)t(cid:0)l(cid:0)'(cid:0)l(cid:0)f(cid:0)M(cid:0),(cid:0)r(cid:0)n(cid:0)@(cid:0)i(cid:0)0(cid:0)M(cid:0)i(cid:0),(cid:0)1(cid:0)1(cid:0)1
`STANDARDS -BASED CABLE-MODEM MAC
`COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY
`
`DOCSIS Security: Baseline Privacy
`DOCSIS Security: Baseline Privacy
`S ecurity for the DOCSIS
`Security for the DOCSIS
`
`'
`'
`'
`
`1byte
`1 byte
`
`'
`'
`'
`
`1byte
`1 byte
`
`'
`'
`'
`
`Type
`Type
`
`LEN
`LEN
`. 3 or 4
`= 3 or 4
`
`KEY_SEQ
`KEY_SE0
`
`Version
`Version
`. 1
`=1
`
`E T
`T
`
`2 bytes
`2 bytes
`
`SID
`SID
`
`'
`'
`'
`
`1byte
`1 byte
`
`' ' '
`
`Request
`Request
`(upstream only)
`(upstream only)
`
`Other EH elemen ts
`Other EH elements
`—
`
`HCS
`HCS
`(2 bytes)
`(2 bytes)
`
`Packe t POU
`Packet POU
`(18 to 1518 bytes)
`(18 to 1518 bytes)
`
`Encrypted
`
`User data
`User data
`(0 to 1500
`(0 to 1500
`bytes)
`bytes)
`
`CRC
`CRC
`(4 bytes )
`(4 bytes )
`
`-------=====: Encrypted
`
`cable modem system is
`cable modem system is
`divided between an
`divided between an
`elaborate Full-Security
`elaborate Full-Security
`Specification with remov(cid:173)
`
`Specification with remov-
`able, renewable security
`able, renewable security
`modules, and a low-cost, sim(cid:173)
`modules, and a low-cost, sim-
`pler scheme called Baseline
`pler scheme called Baseline
`Privacy (BPI). BPI is based
`Privacy (BPI). BPI is based
`on full-bodied concepts, be(cid:173)
`
`on full-bodied concepts, be-
`ginning with the 56-bit Digi(cid:173)
`ginning with the 56-bit Digi-
`tal Encryption Standard
`tal Encryption Standard
`(DES) Cipher Block Chain(cid:173)
`(DES) Cipher Block Chain-
`ing algorithm, yet unbur(cid:173)
`ing algorithm, yet unbur-
`dened by some of the more
`dened by some of the more
`costly and complex security
`costly and complex security
`FC type
`FC type
`features of its heavy twin.
`features of its heavy twin.
`.00
`= 00
`All DOCSIS cable modems
`All DOCSIS cable modems
`are required to support BPI,
`are required to support BPI,
`ensuring that basic data pri-
`ensuring that basic data pri-
`vacy is maintained in the shared cable environment.
`: traffic originating from or destined to a particular modem to
`vacy is maintained in the shared cable environment.
`
`
`traffic originating from or destined to a particular modem to
`Privacy is more than sufficient for Internet access appli- : identify a Traffic Encryption Key (TEK) to use. Each TEK
`
`Privacy is more than sufficient for Internet access appli-
`identify a Traffic Encryption Key (TEK) to use. Each TEK
`cations because it makes a number of assumptions on the ap- : is a pair of even and odd 56-bit keys . Each key also has a cor(cid:173)
`cations because it makes a number of assumptions on the ap-
`is a pair of even and odd 56-bit keys. Each key also has a cor-
`plication it serves, namely that Internet access is two way, : responding 56-bit initialization vector.
`plication it serves, namely that Internet access is two way,
`
`responding 56-bit initialization vector.
`and therefore not susceptible to passive theft of service; that '
`All DOCS IS frames have header fields that are nev er
`
`and therefore not susceptible to passive theft of service; that
`All DOCSIS frames have header fields that are never
`it's not particularly valuable to anyone, but the user; that re-
`encrypted and include an optional field called an Extended
`
`it's not particularly valuable to anyone, but the user; that re-
`encrypted and include an optional field called an Extended
`ally important transactions over the Internet (like banking) Header. Mainly for protocol expansion, this variable area in
`
`ally important transactions over the Internet (like banking)
`Header. Mainly for protocol expansion, this variable area in
`will be secured with end to end application layer security;
`the DOCSIS header is used to contain the Baseline Privacy
`
`
`will be secured with end to end application layer security; the DOCSIS header is used to contain the Baseline Privacy
`and that by changing keys often, individual keys are not Extended Header (see the figure).
`The SID is contained in
`and that by changing keys often, individual keys are not
`Extended Header (see the figure). The SID is contained in
`worth the trouble of stealing. It also is much easier to detect
`the BPI Extended Header for each frame to identify which
`
`worth the trouble of stealing. It also is much easier to detect the BPI Extended Header for each frame to identify which
`clones and unauthorized users of cable modems because the TEK to use.
`
`clones and unauthorized users of cable modems because the TEK to use.
`service is two-way. The modem system is unlike broadcast
`Each DOCSIS frame that will be encrypted must contain
`service is two-way. The modem system is unlike broadcast
`Each DOCSIS frame that will be encrypted must contain
`pay-per-view video t hat can be hacked in private- done a Privacy Extended Header. The header contains a type
`
`pay-per-view video that can be hacked in private clone a Privacy Extended Header. The header contains a type
`modems must not only listen, but speak to be useful.
`and version field as well as the SID identifying a particular
`modems must not only listen, but speak to be u